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Controlling Industrial Pollution: An Environmental

Management Perspective

Hisham Abou Jaoude

Secretary of Environment Committee

Association of Lebanese Industrialists

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State of Industries in Lebanon:

Number of Industries in Lebanon and Geographical Distribution

1999 22,026 industrial establishments (MoI 2000)-

1999 29,282 industrial establishments (Central Administration of Statistics CAS);

Industrial establishments mainly concentrated in Mount. Lebanon followed by the North, Bekaa, Beirut, the South and Nabatiyeh (CAS);

50% increase in the number of industries since the early 1990s (MoI);

Most industries are located outside the industrial zones (95.6% of industries in Greater Beirut and 75.3% of industries in Mount Lebanon).

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State of Industries in Lebanon:

Size & Type of Industries in Lebanon

Most industries are small or medium sized

More than 90% employ <10 people (MoI, 2000)

Workforce of 114,000 people

Until April 2001, 3 classes of industrial establishments depending on degree of environmental threat (decree 4917)

At present amended to 5 industrial classes (class 1serious, significant, limited, insignificant, no risk) (decree 5243)

973 class 1 establishments (MoI 2000) employing 4,651 & generate US$104 million in added value per year.

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Freer international trade markets

Trade agreements Euro-med agreement

WTO

Arab free trade agreements

Bilateral agreements

High production costs

Vulnerability of industrial sector to competition in cost and quality

Potential Challenges Faced by Industries in Lebanon

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Challenges Faced by the Environment due to Industrial Activities

Uncontrolled dumping of industrial solid waste

Lack of industrial effluent treatment facilities

Uncontrolled emissions into the atmosphere

Industries located outside industrial zones

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Challenges Faced by the Ministry of Environment

Limited resources:

Financial

Human

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MoE’S STRATEGY FOR NEW FACILITIES

Monitoring Plan Classification

National Standards for Environmenta

l Quality

EIA or Environmental

Guidelines

Permitting System

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MoE’S STRATEGY FOR EXISTING FACILITIES

National Standards for Environmenta

l Quality

National Environmental Audit Manual

Monitoring Plan

Direct And Indirect

Incentives

Compliance Action Plan

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Developing 12 Ministerial decisions relative to the environmental guidelines for the issuing of Design and Operation permits related to some of the most polluting classified establishments

Technical Work

Set/update decrees for classified establishments

EIA or Environmen

tal Guidelines

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1. Decision 75/1 Tanneries. 21/9/2000;2. Decision 90/1 residential buildings located

in the vicinity of rivers protected by the Ministry of Environment. 16/11/2000;

3. Decision 5/1 the Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables (Cooling,Pickling, Cooking and Canning). 4/1/2001;

4. Decision 5/1 Gas Stations, 25/1/2001;5. Decision 3/1 Rendering Plants. 25/1/2001;6. Decision 4/1 Slaughterhouses. 25/1/2001;7. Decision 16/1 Farms. 5/4/2001;8. Decision 29/1 Dairy Plants. 31/5/2001; 9. Decision 60/1 Construction stones

20/9/200110.Decision 61/1 Plastic 20/9/2001.11.Decision 15/1 Glass. 14/3/2002.12.Decision 16/1 Rubber. 14/3/2002.

Ministerial Decisions

EIA or Environme

ntal Guidelines

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Sample

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The Green Hotel Guidelines

OBJECTIVE Introduce environmental concepts

at the design & construction phase

of the hotels

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Set/update standards for environmental quality

Developing the national standards for environmental quality in conjunction with MVV Innotec GmbH;

Translating the developed standards into the Ministerial Decision 8/1 (1/3/2001).

National Standards

for Environment

al Quality

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National Standards for Environmental Quality

OBJECTIVE

The standards cover:

Wastewater discharges in the Sea, Surface water and Sewerage systems.

Air pollution: Generic or specific standards for the energy sector, power generators, cement industry, glass industry, battery manufacturing, electroplating, aluminum industry, food industry, MSW incinerators.

National Standards for Environmental

Quality

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OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the audit manual is to facilitate and unify the environmental auditing procedures in industrial facilities.

The final audit findings will provide an exact idea about the environmental performance and overall situation of the plants visited, enabling the environmental experts to adopt the necessary measures for achieving compliance.

The National Environmental Audit Manual

National Environment

al Audit Manual

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Promotes Good environmental management

Reduces Operation costs

Ensures Cost-effective compliance with laws, regulations, standards

and company policy

Benefits of Auditing

Increases Employee

productivity and awareness and safety at work

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Incorporates the environmental dimension in a

facility 's operation;

Triggers new priorities in policies and practices

Improves the image of the facility

and enhances

competitiveness

Leads to the provision of a certification

from the MoE

Benefits of Auditing (cont’d)

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The National Environmental Audit Manual for Hotels and Hospitals

OTHER AUDIT MANUALS

National Environment

al Audit Manual

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It is in this perspective that SPASI has developed a monitoring software capable of selecting randomly industrial facilities to be visited. Having a sound monitoring strategy represents a major step towards ensuring the continuous sustainability of industrial compliance.

Environmental Monitoring

Monitoring Plan

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.

Industry Database

Visit Industries

ComplianceYES

Watch List

NO

Monitoring Scheme

*Note: Random Selection of visits will be done according to preset criteria defined by the decision maker (i.e. per area, industrial sector, etc.)

Random

Selection

of Visits*

Monitoring Plan

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GIS CoverageGIS Coverage

• Class I- highly Polluting

• Class II- Medium Polluting

• Class III- Low Polluting

Monitoring Plan

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Developing industries’ data-base structure

Providing an easy access to monitoring system

Providing an automated reporting system

Reducing to the minimum, human interferencein the monitoring system

Providing GIS compatibility

Benefits of the Environmental Monitoring Software

Monitoring Plan

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Compliance Action Plan

Development of The National Compliance Action Plan (CAP) which puts in place a specific strategy to be implemented by industrial sectors in view of complying with existing environmental regulations;

Testing the CAP in two pilot facilities (the pulp and paper and olive oil sectors).

Compliance Action

Plan

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Facilitate Compliance Through the Introduction of Economic Instruments

Direct/Indirect Enforcement measures

Better Environmental Performance/Compliance

Incentives & enforcement measures are used in parallel to help industries

achieve compliance

Direct/Indirect Incentives

Direct And Indirect

Incentives

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Direct/Indirect Incentives: Financial

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Direct/Indirect Incentives: None-Financial

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Spread awareness concerning industrial compliance

Awareness Stakeholders: Steering committee; Municipalities; Industrial Sectors; Governors; Foreign Environmental agencies &

ministries; Environmental consulting firms; International & national

organizations; Universities; Public utilities.

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Tools of awareness

Website:

www.moe.gov.lb/spasi/spasi.htm

Brochures;

Posters;

Presentations;

Meetings;

Media coverage.

Spread awareness concerning industrial compliance

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Achievements

1998: Declaration of ALIND: ….. Adoption of cleaner production as main tool to solve industrial pollution……

4 industries certified ISO 14000 More than 20 industrial facilities preparing for ISO

14000 LCPC (EU funded project trough Life 3rd counties

program) Adoption of the Law 444 (Code of the Environment) Strategies adopted all parties (ALIND + MoE + MoI) Etc.

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Thank You