1 criminal law and the lisbon treaty: a real revolution. an overview of the development of criminal...
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Criminal law and the Criminal law and the Lisbon Treaty: a real Lisbon Treaty: a real
revolution. An overview of revolution. An overview of the development of the development of
criminal law within the EUcriminal law within the EU
Hans G. NILSSONHans G. NILSSONHead of DivisionHead of Division
Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Rights and Criminal JusticeCriminal Justice
Council of the European UnionCouncil of the European Union
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“Geometrie Variable”
47 = Council of Europe31 = EU + N + ICE + CH + LIE27/26= EU29 = EU - UK/IRL = SCHENGEN3/5 = Subregional Co-operation
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29 31
47 3
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Gradual developmentGradual development
MaastrichtMaastricht AmsterdamAmsterdam NiceNice LisbonLisbon Impact of Tampere, The Impact of Tampere, The
Hague and Stockholm Hague and Stockholm ProgrammesProgrammes
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Tendencies
Nation State– Sovereignty– Co-operation
Harmonisation/ approximation/ unification– European Judicial Area– EPP “Corpus Juris”– E.C.C.– E.C.C.
Amsterdam: Both (compromise)
– “Socle commun”– minimum standards
An Area of Freedom
Security & Justice
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A NEW PARADIGM
area
COOPER-ATION
HELLO
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THE COUNCIL
Unanimity Only MS initiative in
Maastricht, and then: Double right of
initiative 5 and then: 4 levels JHA Council once a
month Slow Lowest common
denominator
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Substance
Cooperation/Mutual Recognition Harmonisation/approximation Institutions/Networks External dimension
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Amsterdam 10,5 years
35 Framework Decisions; of which 16 Cooperation/MR 14 Substantive criminal law 5 Directives; in addition: 17 Decisions 6 International agreements xxxResolutions/Recommendations/
etc
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Amsterdam
COM right of initiative EP consulted Binding Decisions and FD Court increased powers, 18 MS
recognised prel. requests when Lisbon entered into force
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Draft Draft Constitution/Reform Constitution/Reform Treaty/LisbonTreaty/Lisbon No more pillars?No more pillars? Shared competence/external relations/HRShared competence/external relations/HR [European laws; European framework laws] [European laws; European framework laws]
– direct effect – Directives/ Regulations– direct effect – Directives/ Regulations Right of initiative COM + 25 % MSRight of initiative COM + 25 % MS Role of Court and COM reinforced – Role of Court and COM reinforced –
transition 5 yearstransition 5 years QMV and Co-decision – bicameral systemQMV and Co-decision – bicameral system Opt-outs UK, IE, DK [not in]Opt-outs UK, IE, DK [not in]
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The Stockholm Programme
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Substantive developments Stockholm Programme 170
measures Priority areas: Serious and
organised crime, THB,Sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, cyber crime, economic crime and corruption,
Drugs, terrorism
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The TreatyThe Treaty
Art 82 – based on MR “judicial Art 82 – based on MR “judicial decisions”decisions”
Includes approximationIncludes approximation A) Recognition throughout the A) Recognition throughout the
UnionUnion B) Conflicts of jdB) Conflicts of jd C) TrainingC) Training D) Facilitate cooperation D) Facilitate cooperation
judicial or equivalent judicial or equivalent authoritiesauthorities
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The Treaty
If necessary to facilitate MR In criminal matters having a cross-
border dimension – NOT “implications”a) Mutual admissibility of evidenceb) Rights of individuals in criminal
procedurec) Rights of victims of crimed) Any other specific aspects – unanimity,
consent, emergency brake
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The Treaty
Art 83 – “minimum rules”, particularly serious crime, cross-border dimension resulting from the nature or impact of such offences or special need to combat on a common basis
Terrorism, THB, sexual exploitation of women and children, drugs, arms, laundering, corruption, counterfeiting; computer crime, organised crime
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Model criminal law Model criminal law provisionsprovisions
Council doc 16542/2/09Council doc 16542/2/09 ““guiding the Council’s criminal law guiding the Council’s criminal law
deliberations”deliberations” Precedent – conclusions on Precedent – conclusions on
approximation of penalties – approximation of penalties – Council doc 9141/02Council doc 9141/02
Contested by some but supported Contested by some but supported by majorityby majority
Adopted on 30 November 2009Adopted on 30 November 2009
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Model criminal law Model criminal law provisions – adopted 30 provisions – adopted 30 November 2009November 2009
Aim – to achieve coherent and consistent Aim – to achieve coherent and consistent criminal law provisions; to avoid unnecessary criminal law provisions; to avoid unnecessary difficulties in interpretation; problems in difficulties in interpretation; problems in national implementation; focus on national implementation; focus on substantive lawsubstantive law
They concern: infringements; criminal They concern: infringements; criminal offences; inciting, aiding, abetting and offences; inciting, aiding, abetting and attempt; formulation of penalties, liability of attempt; formulation of penalties, liability of legal persons; penalties against legal legal persons; penalties against legal persons.persons.
Much flexibility – only starting point – further Much flexibility – only starting point – further development with COM and EP foreseendevelopment with COM and EP foreseen
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Roadmap
Translation and interpretation Information on Rights and Information
about Charges Legal Advice and Legal Aid Communication with Relatives,
Employers and Consular Authorities Special Safeguards for Suspected or
Accused Persons who are Vulnerable Green Paper on Pre-Trial detention
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Budapest Roadmap
Replacing FD 2001/220/JHA Recommendations best practices Support, access to justice, coordination,
training, awareness raising, data collection and research
Civil EPO Compensation to victims 20004/80/EC Female genital mutilation Accession to CoE Convention on violence
against women CAHVIO Specific needs of victims
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Other areas
Evaluations Art 70 Training Financial perspectives COSI (new policy cycle, OCTA,
West Africa, 29 measures on drugs, PSC -COSI)
New Europol Decision; Prüm etc EPPO?
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On the table now
European Protection Order Sexual Exploitation of Children European Investigation Order Cyberattacks Passenger Names Records (PNR)
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On the table now
Crime Statistics Victim’s Rights Letter of Rights Access to a Lawyer Market Abuse and Insider Trading
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Expected proposals
Confiscation – substantive law Confiscation – mutual recognition Data protection – horisontal Data Protection – police/justice Vulnerable Persons Drugs Trafficking
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Expected proposals
Protection of the Financial Interests (PIF)
Eurojust Regulation (parliaments, organisation)
Data Retention Road Traffic Offences (limitation
periods) Compensation to Victims
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Expected proposals
Freezing of funds of suspected terrorists
European Terrorist Tracking Financing System (TFTS)
Protection of the Euro Hotlines for Missing Children MR of disqualifications
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Expected proposals
Legal Aid ECRIS-TCN Intellectual Property Rights? Sanctions and their Enforcement
in Commercial Road Transport
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