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DAPHNE PROGRAMME

Italy team Maria Luisa Genta, Antonella Brighi, Annalisa Guarini

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DAPHNE II

PARTICIPANTS:

COORDINATORS:

- M.L. Genta, A. Brighi, A. Guarini, Università di Bologna (Italy)

PARTNERS

- Smith (UK)- Ortega-Ruiz (Spain) - Buccoliero (Promeco-Italy) - Salmivalli (Finland) - Malaguti e Canevaro (Bosnia-Herzegovina)

An investigation into forms of peer-peer bullying at school in pre-adolescent and adolescent groups: new instruments and preventing

strategies (2007-2009).

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DAPHNE II

Aims:

1. To investigate traditional bullying and cyberbullying among preadolescent and adolescent.

2. To implement new tools in order to investigate these phenomena.

3. To compare the incidence of bullying and cyberbullying among different Countries.

4. To indicate good lessons for Europe.

Method

A newly devised anonymous self-report questionnaire it has been used, adapted from questionnaires already used and validated in cyberbullying research

Questionnaires were carried out in a school setting, during school time and with teacher supervision

information has been provided on potential predictors including age, gender, ethnicity, living location, parents socio economic status and computer/mobile phone use

The QuestionnaireSection 1: About you

Provided data on participants self esteem and loneliness. Questions were adapted from two existing questionnaires, translated from Italian into English.

Self esteem: Revised version of Melotti & Passini, 2002. Included six measures of self esteem: global, sport, school, body, peers and family.

Loneliness: Adapted from Melotti, 2006, included four measures of loneliness related to: Parents – closeness to family Peers – closeness to friends, members of their peer group Aversion – how much participants like/dislike being alone Affinity – how participants feel about being alone

Section 2: About your school

Series of questions relating to school safety and involvement

Section 3: About bullying and cyberbullying

Based on existing questionnaire developed by Smith et al (2005), shortened and adapted by Ortega (2006)

Includes questions on involvement in four types of bullying: direct, indirect, through mobiles and through the internet

Provides data on characteristics of mobile and internet bullying, including: relationship between victim and bully, length of bullying and victims response

Includes a section designed to measure attitudes of bystanders, adapted from participant role approach

The Questionnaire

* For the remaining subjects or age or sex were missing

Selected from Middle and High schools located in large, middle towns and villages.

Year 8 (12-13)

Year 10(14-15)

Year 12(16-17)

Total

Males 1361 1068 914 3343 (51,1%)

Females 1258 997 941 3196 (48,9%)

Total 2619 2065 1855 6539*

N= 6575 Participants in total, aged 12 – 17

Participants

Some results

Cyber availability

ITALY UK SPAIN BiH

  No. % No. % No. % No. %

Owns a mobile 1859 95.9 2065 93.8 1570 94.1 333 94.7

Computer connected 1635 83.5 2106 95.0 1373 82.7 160 45.3

Computer in bedroom 949 48.5 851 38.4 641 38.6 140 39.7

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Some results

ITALY UK SPAIN BiH

Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD

School safety 1,31 0,46 1,20 0,49 1,46 0,43 1,18 0,48

Peer relations 1,58 0,47 1,57 0,49 1,75 0,37 1,53 0,47

ANOVA analyses (Country as independent variable and school safety and peer relations as dependent variables):

School safety: Country effect F(3, 5780)=103,34, p<.001 Peer relations: Country effect F(3, 6019)=66,84, p<.001

School climate

Rates of victimisation in the last two months (N= 6575)

Occasional(once or twice)

Severe(several times a month/ a week)

Total

Direct bullying 9.8% (641) 5.0% (327) 14.8% (968)

Indirect bullying

14.0% (917) 5.8% (377) 19.8% (1294)

Mobile phone bullying

4.7% (305) 1.9% (124) 6.6% (429)

Internet bullying

4.9% (320) 2.0% (127) 6.9% (427)

Rates of bullying others within the last two months (N= 6575)

Occasional(once or twice)

Severe(several times a month/ a week)

Total

Direct bullying 8.8% (577) 3.3% (214) 12.1% (791)

Indirect bullying

11.9% (781) 3.7% (243) 15.6% (1024)

Mobile phone bullying

3.9% (257) 1.8% (120) 5.7% (377)

Internet bullying

3.2% (208) 1.5% (99) 4.7% (307)

Victimization (%) across Countries

Italy Uk Spain Bosnia H.

Occ. Sev. Total Occ. Sev. Total Occ. Sev. Total Occ. Sev Tot.

Direct B. 10,7 4,3 15,0 11,6 7,1 18,7 7,5 3,2 10,7 6,6 4,3 10,9

Indirect 15,7 7,3 23,0 14,0 6,2 20,1 12,4 3,4 15,8 14,0 5,1 19,1

Mobile 7,3 2,2 9,5 2,1 2,0 4,1 3,7 0,5 4,3 12,2 6,4 18,7

Internet 5,3 1,9 7,2 4,0 2,6 6,6 6,2 1,3 7,5 4,6 1,5 6,1

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DIRECT BULLYINGHigher percentages in UK both for the occasional and the severe

formsINDIRECT BULLYINGHigher percentages in Italy both for the occasional and the

severe formsMOBILE BULLYINGHigher percentages in Bosnia Herzegovina both for the

occasional and the severe forms; in Italy only for the occasional form..

INTERNET BULLYINGHigher percentages in UK both for the severe forms.For the occasional form, Spain results to have higher

percentages.

The QuestionnaireThe QuestionnaireThe QuestionnaireDifferences in victimization across countries

Bullying behavior (%) across Countries

Italy UK Spain Bosnia H.

Occ. Sev. Tot. Occ. Sev. Tot. Occ. Sev. Tot. Occ. Sev

Tot

Direct 11,1 4,4 15,5 6,6 3,4 9,9 9,0 2,2 11,1 11,1 2,3 13,4

Indir. 16,6 5,7 22,3 7,1 3,2 10,3 13,1 2,3 15,4 10,3 1,1 11,5

Mobile 6,4 2,7 9,1 1,0 1,5 2,5 4,2 0,9 5,1 7,1 3,7 10,8

Internet 5,1 1,6 6,8 1,5 1,1 2,6 3,6 1,0 4,6 2,9 2,3 5,2

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Differences in bullying across countries

DIRECT BULLYINGHigher percentages in Italy both for occasional and

for severe bullying behavior. INDIRECT BULLYINGHigher percentages in Italy both for occasional and

for severe bullying behavior MOBILE BULLYING Higher percentages in Italy and Bosnia Herzegovina

both for occasional and for severe bullying behavior.

INTERNET BULLYINGHigher percentages in Italy for occasional bullying

behavior.

Concrete output

DVD

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DVD

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Concrete outputFrom media….

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DAPHNE III

PARTICIPANTS

COORDINATORS

- M.L. Genta, A. Brighi, A. Guarini, Università di Bologna (Italia)

PARTNERS

- Prof. Smith (UK)- Prof. Ortega (Spain)- Prof. Tsorbatzoudis (Greece)- Prof. Pyżalsky (Polonia) - Prof. Scheithauer (Germany)

Cyberbullying in adolescence: investigation and intervention in six European Countries (2010-2012)

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DAPHNE III

PARTICIPANTS:

ASSOCIATE PARTNERS - Prof. Costabile (University of Calabria)- Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport – Tuzla Kanton (Bosnia-Erzegovina, Prof. Malaguti e Canevaro)

Cyberbullying in adolescence: investigation and intervention in six European Countries

OTHER INVOLVED PARTNERS

- Ufficio Scolastico Regionale dell’Emilia Romagna

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DAPHNE IIIAIMS

1) INVESTIGATION FOR DIFFUSION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CYBERBULLYING IN SCHOOLS

This activity will be performed in the first 10 months of the projects:1. Revision and translation of the questionnaire (2 months)2. Contact with schools and permission from families and ethical authorities

(2 months)3. Collection of questionnaires (2 months)4. Coding and analysis of data in each Country and comparison among

Countries(4 months)

March10

April10

May10

June10

July10

August10

Sept10

Oct10

Nov10

Dec10

1 X X X x X x X x X X1.1 X x                1.2     X x            1.3         X x        1.4             x x X X

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DAPHNE III

CONCRETE OUTPUT:

Creation of a common questionnaire for the investigation of cyberbullying in 7 languages (6 languages for the partners and 1

language for the associate partner).  

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DAPHNE IIIAIM

2) TESTING EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES OF INTERVENTION IN EUROPEAN SCHOOLS AND IN CONTEXTS AT RISK

This activity will be performed in 12 months with some differences in the time schedule of the intervention among Countries:

2.1. Application of the intervention (10 months) on at least three schools with small groups of students, parents and teachers for each country.

2.2. Evaluation of the intervention and comparison among Countries (2 months)

Sept10

Oct10

Nov10

Dec10

Juan11

Febr11

Marc11

April11

May11

June11

July11

Aug11

2 X X X x X X X x X X x x

2.1 X X X x x X X x X X    

2.2                     x x

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DAPHNE IIIAIMS:

3) DISSEMINATION OF THE MAIN OUTCOMES

This activity will take place in 10 months:

3.1. Books and pamphlets in each Country and National and International articles (8 months)

3.2. National and International conferences (3 months)

Final Report for the European Commission

May11

June11

July11

Aug11

Sept11

Oct11

Nov11

Dec11

Jan12

Feb12

3 x X x X X x X X X X3.01 x X x X X x X X    3.02               X X x                     Report                   x

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DAPHNE III

CONCRETE OUTPUT:

-Books and Pamphlets: at least one book/pamphlet in each Country for peers, teachers, parents (total: at least 6 books/pamphlets, 200 copies each).

-Articles: at least one National article by each Country (partners and associate partners) in Psychological or Educational Journal and 2-3 International articles (total: at least 8 articles).

-Website: updating of the website already created with DAPHNE II grant in order to disseminate the obtained results (investigation of the phenomenon and the intervention strategies).

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DAPHNE III

CONCRETE OUTPUT:

-National Conferences: at least one Conference will be held in each Country to present the main outcomes of the project (total: 6 Conferences). For each Conference we will expect about 200 persons and we will print advertising for the event and we organise a coffee break for convenors.

-International Conference in Bologna will be held to compare different European intervention methodologies. About 400 persons will be expected to participate in this event.

-Final report for the European Commission