1 database design concepts j. s. chou, p.e., ph.d. assistant professor department of business...
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Database Design Concepts
J. S. Chou, P.E., Ph.D.Assistant Professor
Department of Business AdministrationNational Chung Cheng University
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Database TerminologyEntities • Things we store information about. (i.e. persons,
places, objects, events, etc.)• Have relationships to other entities (i.e. the
entity Student has a relationship to the entity Grades in a University Student database
Attributes• These are pieces of information about an
entity (i.e. Student ID, Name, etc. for the entity Student)
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View of a Database Table or FileAttribute
(One Column)
Record(One Row)
AttributeType
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Designing Databases – Data Model
Example: ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram)
Data Model• A map or diagram that represents entities and
their relationships• Used by Database Administrators to design tables
with their corresponding associations
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Designing Databases – Keys
Primary KeyA unique attribute type used to identify a single instance of an entity.
Compound Primary KeyA unique combination of attributes types used to identify a single instance of an entity
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Designing Databases – Keys (Example)Primary Key- Student ID
ENTITIES
Compound Primary Key- Student ID - Course ID - Sec No.- Term
SecondaryKey- Major
Entities are translated into Tables
(Students and Grades)
Entities arejoined by commonattributes
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Designing Databases - AssociationsAssociations• Define the relationships one entity has to another• Determine necessary key structures to access data• Come in three relationship types:
- One-to-One - One-to-Many - Many-to-Many
Foreign Key• An attribute that appears as a non-primary
key in one entity (table) and as a primary key attribute in another entity (table)
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Designing Databases - AssociationsEntity Relationship Diagram (ERD) • Diagramming tool used to express entity relationships• Very useful in developing complex databases
Example• Each Home Stadium has a Team (One-to-One) • Each Team has Players (One-to-Many)• Each Team Participates in Games• For each Player and Game there are Game Statistics
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Designing Databases – Associations (Example)
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The Relational Model - NormalizationNormalization• A technique to make complex databases more efficient by
eliminating as much redundant data as possible• Example: Database with redundant data (below)
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The Relational Model - NormalizationNormalized Database