1. Dr. Paul Miles

Bio:

Paul Miles is the Manager of Engine Combustion Research at Sandia National Laboratories. He has

actively performed or supervised research into flows, mixing, and combustion processes in

reciprocating engines since 1992, and led the light-duty diesel engine research program at Sandia

as a Distinguished Member of the Technical Staff until 2014. Dr. Miles is a Fellow of the Society of

Automotive Engineers (SAE), and is a past recipient of the SAE Horning, Myers, and McFarland

awards as well as the ASME IC Engines award. He is a past co-chair of the SAE Powertrain, Fuels

and Lubricants activities and serves on the advisory committees of several international

conferences.

The Role of Advanced Combustion in Mitigating CO2 Emissions from the Light-Duty Vehicle

Fleet

Paul C. Miles

Combustion Research Facility

Sandia National Laboratories

Abstract:

This lecture reviews the current state of IC engine fuel efficiency, with a focus on the light-duty

fleet. Macro-trends in IC engine development are discussed, and the potential for future

greenhouse gas emission reduction that can be achieved through further research and

development is quantified. A central finding is that improved IC engines will be among the most

effective routes to addressing transportation sector greenhouse gas emissions in the mid-term

(~2050), and that promoting the realization of their potential will be a key component of a balanced,

low-risk research portfolio. Key barriers to achieving potential greenhouse gas reductions and

fundamental research areas that address these barriers are identified and discussed.

2. Dr. Gautam Kalghatgi

Bio:

Prof. Kalghatgi joined Saudi Aramco in October 2010 after 31 years with Shell Research Ltd. In the

UK. Currently, he is also a Visiting Professor at Imperial College, London and at Oxford University.

He has held similar professorial appointments in the past at KTH, Stockholm; Technical University,

Eindhoven and Sheffield University. He is a fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, SAE and

I.Mech.E. and is on the editorial boards of several journals and on the International Board of

Directors of the Combustion Institute. He has published around 150 papers and a recent book,

“Fuel/Engine Interactions” on combustion, fuels and engine research and transport energy. He

has a B.Tech. from I.I.T. Bombay (1972) and Ph.D. from Bristol University (1975) in Aeronautical

Engineering. From 1975 to 1979, he did post-doctoral research in turbulent combustion at

Southampton University with Prof. Ken Bray.

“Is it really the end of internal combustion engines and petroleum?”

Gautam Kalghatgi

Saudi Aramco

Abstract

There has been much recent comment predicting the imminent demise of internal combustion

engines and the death of the oil industry following speculation about full electrification of the

transport sector. The talk will discuss these issues.

There will be increasing electrification, particularly of light duty vehicles (LDVs) but it will be in the

form of hybridization to improve the efficiency and performance of vehicles carrying internal

combustion engines (ICEs). Full electrification of transport would not be possible since commercial

transport (~60% of all transport) – heavy duty road, air and shipping - cannot be realistically run

on electricity alone. Even if the cost of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) becomes comparable to ICE

vehicles in the future, converting all LDVs to BEVs will require huge prior investments in extra

electricity generation and charging infrastructure to enable such change. There will be additional

costs in the short term associated with various subsidies required to promote such a change and

in the longer term, the loss of revenue from fuel taxes which contribute significantly to public

finances in most countries. Moreover, if electricity generation is not sufficiently decarbonized and

particularly if coal plays a significant role in power generation, the overall greenhouse gas

emissions and other pollutants like PM2.5, NOx and SO2 could be higher for BEVs compared to

ICEVs. In China and India, this will certainly be the case because coal will continue to be an

important part of the power generation mix. Other serious environmental problems associated

with the production of metals required for batteries will also loom larger if BEV numbers grow even

if these problems are exported to countries which produce these metals. It is likely that the hype

cycle associated with BEVs will follow the trend of the previous hype cycles on hydrogen and

biofuels and governments will revise policy in the face of economic and environmental realities. So

it is much more likely that LDVs in the future will not have only ICEs rather than have no ICES at all

and go all electric.

Hence for decades to come transport will be essentially powered by combustion engines and the

primary source of energy will be liquid fuels made from petroleum. Alternative transport energy

sources like biofuels, natural gas, LPG, DME, methanol and hydrogen will grow but have their own

constraints on fast and/or unlimited growth. The global demand for both transport energy and

petrochemicals is expected to increase, primarily in non-OECD countries, in line with increasing

population and prosperity. The demand for diesel and jet fuel, which power commercial transport

is expected to increase faster than for gasoline because there is more scope (e.g. hybridization and

electrification) for efficiency improvements in LDVs which mostly run on gasoline. The demand for

oil is expected to increase in the coming decades and it is imperative that combustion engines

continue to improve in efficiency and cleanliness.

There is great scope to achieve this is by developing fuel/engine systems in conjunction with better

control and after-treatment systems. This will require collaboration between the oil and auto

industry and governments.

3. Prof. Masataka aria

Bio:

Prof. Masataka Arai is the Specially Appointed Professor of Tokyo Denki University, the Emeritus

Professor of Gunma University Tokyo, and the Guest Professor, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.

He got the Dr. degree of precision machinery engineering from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan in

1977. Now he is the editor-in-chief of International Journal of Automotive Engineering (JSAE) and

the organizer of Engine Researcher Forum. His main research fields contain spray technology, diesel

engine combustion, soot formation and oxidation, laser diagnostics, DPF and aftertreatment, etc.

The total number of the research report and review papers is around 530.

Possibility for Active Attitude Control of Fuel Spray

Masataka Arai

Tokyo Denki Univ. Japan

Abstract

Internal combustion engine (ICE) is an attractive power source for automobile. It comes from

superior storability, transportability, and suppliability of liquid fuel with high energy density. We

need compact ICE with high performance and low environmental load. In future ICE, smart active

control of combustion by fuel spray injection has to be considered as one of the breakout

technologies from conventional ICE facing serious problems concerning emission and others.

Designing of fuel injection rate and spray pattern during injection period have been technically

developed and combustion can be partially controlled in conventional ICE. However in combustion

field, spatial fuel distribution is not progressing as desired and new effective active control

technologies of fuel spray are strongly required for smart control of combustion. Cavitation, flash

boiling, spray-to-spray interaction, spray-to-wall interaction as well as air flow have many

possibilities as a base of active attitude control of fuel spray. Here using many literature evidences,

possibility of active spray attitude control is discussed for future technology of fuel spray

combustion in a smart compact ICE.

4. Prof. Dimitrios C. Kyritsis

Bio:

Dimitrios C. Kyritsis is Professor and Chair of the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Khalifa

University in Abu Dhabi, UAE. He received his Diploma in Engineering from the National Technical

University of Athens in Greece in 1992 and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1995

and 1998, respectively. Before his current appointment, he was a post-doctoral associate and a

lecturer at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Yale University (2000-2002) and a faculty

member in the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2012-2014). His research focuses in the

areas of biofuel utilization, electrostatically assisted atomization, combustion in the meso- and

micro-scale, flame – flow interaction, and laser-based combustion diagnostics. He is the recipient

of the NSF CAREER award, the Accenture Award for excellence in advising, the University of Illinois

Campus Award for excellence in teaching and a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study of the

University of Illinois (2007-8). In the period 2005-2010 served as a co-PI in the DOE-funded

Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) Center of Excellence on Automotive Biofuel

Combustion Engines in the University of Illinois. He is a Fellow of the ASME, an Associate Fellow

of the AIAA, an Associate Editor of the Journal of Energy Engineering, and he serves in the editorial

board of Combustion & Flame and the Proceedings of the Combustion Institute.

Electrostatically manipulated combustion:

Fundamentals and potential for automotive applications

Dimitrios C. Kyritsis

Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Abstract

The potential of electrostatically assisted technologies for atomization and combustion

applications will be discussed in the context of the recent emergence of biofuels, some of which

(bio-ethanol, bio-butanol) have an electric conductivity that can be as much as five orders of

magnitude higher than the one of hydrocarbons. It will be shown that through the application of

simple inserts into practical injectors, it is possible to inject electrostatic charge that can affect both

fuel dispersion and droplet size. This was proven with the use of Fraunhofer diffraction

measurements of droplet size, and particle image velocimetry measurements of droplet velocity.

Also, results will be presented that substantiate the effect of electrostatic charge on single-droplet

combustion. The combustion was captured with high-speed video and the rate of recession of

droplets of various charge levels was compared. On the basis of these fundamental results, a

single-nozzle port fuel injector was modified for the purpose of studying electrostatically assisted

sprays in a practical, port-injected engine. Findings showed that electrostatic charge can indeed

influence the quality of the sprays, the flame morphology and burning rate of fuel droplets, as well

as the performance of a spark ignition engine typical of current automotive practice. The

fundamentals of electrostatic manipulation of flames will be discussed in the context of

counterflow non-premixed flames.

5. Prof. Bengt Johansson

Bio:

Bengt Johansson is Professor of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST. He was

Head of Division of Combustion Engines (2004-2015) and Head of Competence Centre Combustion

Processes (2003-2015) in Lund University, Sweden. Professor Bengt Johansson’s research is

documented in around 380 scientific papers. His H-index is 63 (January 23, 2018).

The extended path towards a 60% efficient engine

Bengt Johansson

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST

Abstract

The internal combustion engine has great potential for high fuel efficiency. The ideal otto and diesel

cycles can easily achieve more than 70% thermodynamic efficiency. The problems come when

those cycles should be implemented in a real engine. Extreme peak pressure during the cycle will

call for a very robust engine structure that in turn will increase friction and hence reduce

mechanical efficiency. A very high compression ratio also increase the surface to volume ratio and

promote heat losses, taking away much of the benefits from the theoretical cycle.

This presentation is giving an engine concept that can enable the conditions for PPC combustion

but with much improved gas exchange and mechanical efficiency. It is called the Double

Compression Expansion Engine, DCEE. It enables an effective compression ratio in excess of 60:1

but with much less cylinder surface area. The concept also enables low friction and hence high

mechanical efficiency.

The basic concept will be explained and initial simulation results will be presented. A study on the

benefits and drawbacks of isochoric (constant volume) and isobaric (constant pressure) cycles will

be discussed as well as intermediate mixed cycles. The use of two four-stroke engines will be

compared to a version using separate two-stroke compressors and expanders combined with a

four-stroke high pressure unit.

The results indicate that an indicated efficiency above 65% is reachable and thus the brake

efficiency can be at the target of 60%.

6. Prof. Alfred Leipertz & Prof. Michael Wensing

Bio:

Alfred Leipertz is the Emeritus Chair Professor and Head of the Institute of Engineering

Thermodynamics (LTT) and the Emeritus Managing Director of the Erlangen Graduate School in

Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT). He established both institutions at the School and Faculty

of Engineering of the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen- Nuremberg (FAU) in Germany, LTT

in June 1989 and SAOT in November 2006 within the framework of the Excellence Initiative of the

German Federal and State Governments to Promote Science and Research at German Universities

heading both institutions until his retirement in September 2014. He is a Fellow of the International

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), of the Optical Society of America (OSA), of the Combustion

Institute (CI) and of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Alfred Leipertz

is a member of the editorial board of the “International Journal of Engine Research” and of the

online journal “diffusion-fundamentals” and member of the reviewer panels of more than 50

scientific journals and proceedings. He established the biannual international conference series on

“Engine Combustion Processes – Current Problems and Modern Techniques” in Germany which he

organised and headed in 2017 for the thirteenth time. He has published more than 1,300 research

papers, more than 800 of them in peer-reviewed publications with nearly 300 being listed in the

Science-Citation-Index (Web of Science). He delivered nearly 150 invited presentations at

international conferences, at universities or research institutions all around the world with more

than 40 of them as keynote or plenary lectures. He issued more than 20 patents (national and

international).

Michael Wensing is the professor of Engineering Thermodynamics Department of Chemical and

Bioengineering CBI, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. He got Dr. degree at the

Department of Engineering Thermodynamics at FAU Friedrich-Alexander- University of Erlangen-

Nuremberg under supervision of Prof. Alfred Leipertz in 1999. Then he entered Meta GmbH, a

development company and engineering consultant in the region of Aachen Germany. In 2002, he

became department manager and took the leadership of the department process development for

SI and Diesel engines at Meta; from that time on he managed numerous engine technology

projects at Meta including the build-up of various demonstration engines and demonstration cars.

From 2004, he additionally supervised engine and vehicle testing at Meta GmbH. Since 2006 Dr.

Michael Wensing holds a professorship (lifetime faculty position) for Engineering thermodynamics

at the Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTT) of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-

Nürnberg (FAU). He is renowned for his contribution to the development of diesel and gasoline

fuel injection systems and spray research. Additionally, he is known for advanced CVCs and (laser)

optical diagnostics that are currently used by many R&D departments of automotive companies in

Germany. From 2010 to 2013 he was elected Dean of studies of the faculty of engineering at FAU.

Currently he is a member of the faculty council and a member of the evaluation board for all studies

at FAU university. His research group at FAU is third party founded by more than 90% with research

contracts from the national and international automotive industry and public research foundation

like the EU and national and international research councils. In the past 5 years he and his research

group have been in regular cooperation and have been engineering consultants to AVL, BOSCH,

CONTINENTAL, AUDI, BMW, BASF, HYUNDAI, HANDTMANN, MAN, MERCEDES, FEDERAL MOGUL

and META.

Towards sustainable fuels and clean combustion concepts:

Progress in Combustion Control and Advanced Optical Diagnostics

Michael Wensing and Alfred Leipertz

Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTT) and Erlangen Graduate School

in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany

Abstract

Sustainable power supply and mobility require worldwide an enormous amount of storage

capabilities that can only be met by chemical energy storage. At the same time energy carriers

like future fuels have not only to limit CO2 emissions, by fuel production from renewable

resources but, have to enable efficient and clean energy conversion processes.

Chemical well defined so called E-fuels provide new possibilities for ultra clean combustion

concepts. The progress in advanced diagnostics gives powerful development tools to create the

necessary clean energy conversion by new insights into the underlying processes with very high

resolution in space and time.

This contribution demonstrates on three examples how advanced diagnostics enable clean and

efficient energy conversion.

The diesel combustion concept that features an in-process combustion control by multiple

injection with sophisticated high pressure injection systems suffers from a very complex pollutant

formation created by the wide chemical spectrum of the fuels used and the also very complex

mixing and combustion situation inside the cylinder. On the one hand more precisely defined

fuels give a significant possibility for enhanced control of pollutant formation. On the other hand

most modern diagnostics like high speed X-ray imaging, Raman spectroscopy and high speed

Schlieren measurements show the possibility to precisely control the in-cylinder mixing process

to create the right mass distribution for a given fuel and separately to influence ignition and

combustion by the chemical composition of the fuel. Measurements presented show the primary

fuel atomization, the air entrainment and mixing process, phase change, ignition and combustion

with very high resolution providing insights into the driving physical sub-processes.

SI engine concepts that build the vast majority of passenger car drives worldwide do not reach

the efficiency of Diesel engines by the stoichiometric combustion that eases the exhaust gas after

treatment but limits engines efficiency by unfavorable mixture properties and high heat losses.

Homogeneous ultra-lean combustion that avoids the range of high nitrogen oxide production

enables a significant step in SI engine efficiency. New ignition concepts that are necessary to

ignite lean mixtures and at the same time provide high combustion speed to reduce knock

tendencies at high loads are discussed. Engines results demonstrate a potential to increase the

fuel efficiency by more than 10%.

As an outlook to long term development, carbon free energy carriers are discussed on the

example of hydrogen from Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC). The possibilities and

challenges related to the physical properties of such carbon free energy carriers are

demonstrated on base of engine tests performed on a high efficient hydrogen engine with low

pressure direct induction.

7. Prof. Choongsik Bae

Bio:

Professor Choongsik Bae received B.S. and M.S. in Aerospace Engineering from Seoul National

University, and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at the Imperial College London in 1993.

He joined the faculty of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of

Science and Technology (KAIST) in 1998, after his career of teaching at Aerospace Engineering

Department of the Chungnam National University from 1995 following the experience as a

research associate experience at Imperial College. From 2014 to 2017, he had served as Chair,

School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Head of Mechanical Engineering Department.

He is now the director of Combustion Engineering Research Center (CERC) in KAIST, vitalizing the

efforts in research as well as education. He was the Chair of IEA Combustion TCP (International

Energy Agency, Technical Collaboration Program in Combustion) leading international collaborative

tasks in combustion technologies among 12 OECD countries through 2011 to 2012. He is a Visiting

Professor of University College of London (from 2005) and Imperial College London (from 2017).

He is an Invited Professor of Tokyo Institute of Technology from 2012. He is also active in the

interaction with industry that he has worked as a Technical Advisor of Hyundai Motors on the

occasion of his sabbatical leave in 2011 to 2012.

His major field of interest is the fluid and combustion phenomena in powerplant especially engine

system. He has investigated flow, spray and flame in combustion facility for engineering

applications mostly via experimental techniques concerning performance of engine systems such

as power output and fuel economy together. His concern has also covered reductions of

hazardous exhaust emissions and CO2. He has expanded his view to energy technology

perspectives including the global warming issues and energy securities.

He received Arch T. Colwell Merit Award in 1997 and Harry Horning Memorial Award in 2006 from

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for his outstanding contribution to the literatures in

powerplant system. He was elected as a Fellow of SAE in 2012. He received Academic Award from

Korean Society of Automotive Engineers (KSAE) in 2004 and Distinguished Research Award (2011)

and Service Award (2018) from KAIST. He was honored as one of the Korea Presidential Researchers

in 2000. He received A Man of Merit Award from Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE) in 2012.

He serves ILASS-Korea as a President in 2018-2019 and KSAE as a Vice President.

Improvement of Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Premixed Charge Compression

Ignition Combustion by Controlling Mixture Formation at Low Load Conditions

Choongsik Bae

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), Republic of Korea

Abstract

Dual-fuel premixed charge compression ignition (DF-PCCI) combustion has been demonstrated as

a promising technology to achieve low nitrogen oxides (NOX) and particulate matter (PM)

emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. Natural gas (NG) as the low-reactivity fuel for

the DF-PCCI combustion has an advantage of expanding the high load operation owing to its lower

reactivity than that of gasoline. However, the lower reactivity of NG significantly increases total

hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions at the low load conditions. In this study,

the formation of fuel-air mixtures in NG-diesel DF-PCCI combustion was controlled to reduce the

THC and CO emissions. NG was fumigated to the intake port and supplied to the combustion

chamber with air during the intake stroke to create a homogeneous NG-air mixture. Diesel was

directly injected into the combustion chamber through a high-pressure common-rail system. The

engine load was varied from 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa to represent the low load operations of the NG-

diesel DF-PCCI combustion. The effects of diesel injection timing, NG substitution ratio (SR), and

exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance and exhaust gas emissions were investigated.

The THC and CO emissions increased significantly with advancing the diesel injection timing,

increasing the NG SR, and increasing the EGR rate because of the formation of locally leaner and

less-reactive mixtures at the low load conditions. Double injection strategies of diesel were

implemented to reduce the THC and CO emissions by adjusting the formation of fuel-air mixtures

at the start of combustion (SOC) of DF-PCCI combustion. The combination of diesel injection

strategies, NG SR, and EGR rate was optimized to reduce the THC and CO emissions at each load

condition. As the engine operation moved to lower load, the diesel injection timing should be

retarded and the NG SR and EGR rate should be decreased to form the higher equivalence ratio

and reactivity of fuel-air mixtures. The THC and CO emissions of DF-PCCI combustion at low load

conditions reduced effectively by controlling the formation of fuel-air mixtures, which improved

the combustion efficiency and thus fuel economy.

8. Prof. Norimasa Iida

Bio:

Prof. Iida got his Mechanical Engineering B.Sc. in 1973 and his M.Sc. in 1975 both at Keio University.

This was followed by a Ph.D. in 1983 on the topics of propagation and extinction mechanisms of

premixed flames flowing into a narrow channel from a combustible-gas-charged chamber. He has

worked as a professor in the Tokyo Prefecture 1978-1980 and research assistant 1979-1985. He

then was promoted to lecturer and worked full time with that 1985-1988. He got assistant

professorships at Kanagawa 1988-1992 and Keio University 1992-1996 before getting his full

professorship 1996 also this at Keio University. There are supervised 9 students to Ph.D., seven of

them as main supervisor. Prof. Iida made pioneering work with HCCI (ATAC) combustion using

methanol fuel and developed combustion control systems long before that became mainstream.

His work on the two-stroke HCCI, or ATAC is it is also called, generated among the first and most

influential papers on the topic. His 1994 paper has more than 100 citations alone.

Prof. Iida has published 64 papers in English and 138 in Japanese. Of those 56 are within SAE and

35 made it to transactions. According to Google scholar he has an H-index of 20 and a total of 1193

citations. He has 10 awards and holds 3 patents.

Japanese Industry/Academia Joint Research Project R&D of Innovative Super-Lean Combustion

for High Efficiency SI Engines to achieve 50% thermal efficiency

Norimasa Iida

Keio University

Abstract

The “Innovative Combustion Technology” program a national project is established under the

cabinet office of Japan as a part of the “Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program

(SIP).” The "Gasoline Combustion Team" is one of teams of the "Innovative Combustion

Technology" program. This presentation is to introduce the research and development activities of

the "Gasoline Combustion Team." The "Gasoline Combustion Team" is comprised of Keio University

as a Leader university and 29 universities as a Cluster university. Upon agreement with the Japan

Science and Technology Agency (JST), we have been conducting the research on the "Super-Lean

Burn for Gasoline Engines" with a support of the Research Association of Automotive Internal

Combustion Engines (AICE) under the strong industry, academia and government collaboration.

9. Prof. Wai K. Cheng

Bio:

Professor Cheng is professor of Mechanical Engineering and director of the Sloan Automotive

Laboratory at MIT. He received his BS in Engineering Science from California Institute of

Technology in 1974, and PhD in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT in 1978. He joined the MIT

Mechanical Engineering Department as an assistant professor in 1980. His research interests

include internal combustion engine technologies and transportation energy use issues. He is a

Fellow of the Society of Automotive Engineers and a member of the editorial board of the

International Journal of Engine Research.

Assessing the extended stroke spark ignition engine

Wai K. Cheng

Sloan Automotive Lab, MIT, USDA

Abstract

The performance of an extended stroke spark ignition engine has been assessed by cycle

simulation. The base engine is a modern turbo-charged 4-stroke passenger car spark-ignition

engine with 10:1 compression ratio. A complex crank mechanism is used so that the intake stroke

remains the same while the expansion-to-intake stroke ratio (SR) is varied by changing the crank

geometry. The study is limited to the thermodynamic aspect of the extended stroke; the changes

in friction, combustion characteristic, and other factors are not included. When the combustion is

not knock limited, an efficiency gain of more than 10 percent is obtained for SR=1.5. At low load,

however, there is an efficiency lost due to over-expansion. At the same NIMEP, the extended

stroke renders the engine more resistant to knock by lowering the combustion pressure since less

fuel is burned. At SR of 1.8, the engine is free from knock up to 14 bar NIMEP at 2000 rpm.

Under knocking condition, the required spark retard to prevent knocking is less with the extended

stroke. Then the operating point is closer to that of most efficient timing and the efficiency

penalty due to knock constraint is reduced. With the extended stroke, since less exhaust energy

is delivered to the turbine, the engine air throughput and thus the output power is reduced. At

low speeds, the increase in efficiency overpowers the decrease in air flow so that the maximum

NIMEP at a fixed speed increases with SR. At high speed, however, the reverse is true and the

maximum NIMEP decreases with SR. For the engine/ turbocharger combination used in this study,

the transition point is at approximately 1500 rpm.

10. Wanhua Su

Bio:

Professor Wanhua Su, the academician of Chinese Academy Of Engineering. He graduated from

Tianjin University in 1965 and completed his post graduate program diploma from Tianjin

University in 1968. Then He worked for Company Tianjin Diesel Works for 10 years as an engine

development engineer. He as a lecturer transferred to Tianjin University working at the division of

engine combustion in 1978. Now he has been working at the State Key Laboratory of Engines of

Tianjin University since 1986. He initiated the research field of engine combustion and control in

China. He developed the fully electro-controlled diesel pilot ignited turbocharged heavy duty CNG

engine and initiated to development of the common rail diesel fuel system in 90’s last century.

He was assigned as the principal scientist of the national key research plan‘973’project “new

generation of engine combustion in fundamental and technology” by the ministry of science and

technology of China 2001-2011. He proposed new concept and technology, including the

coordination control of engine combustion boundary with fuel property, pursuing the time scale

equivalent of mixing and chemical kinetics, and the mixture activity control. He initiated and

observed the research on Diesel engine High Density-LTC combustion technology for Diesel engine

high efficiency and low emissions in full engine operations through development of the variable

thermal cycle mechanism.

Possibility Reaching Engine Efficiency Over 60%

Wanhua Su

State Key Lab of Engines, Tianjin Univ, China

Abstract

The fuel Exergy loss during combustion in engines has been investigated by through building the

combustion exergy loss model of non-equilibrium thermodynamics with detailed chemical kinetics.

It has been explored that the roles of initial thermodynamic parameters such as the charge

temperature, pressure, equivalent ratio and oxygen concentration in combustion exergy loss of the

fuels both of primer fuel n-heptane and the mixture fuel gasoline in adiabatic constant-volume

combustion process. It was observed that the exergy losses were relevant to both of exergy loss

rates and the loss occurring durations and the durations always dominanted the accumulate exergy

losses. The effects of thermodynamic parameters on the exergy loss and the chemical dissociation

loss were also observed. It is concluded that the higher the combustion rate the less exergy loss

when the chemical dissociation loss is lower. The increase of combustion rate was observed as

increased the initial charge temperature, the charge equivalence ratio from very lean to higher,

initial charge pressure and the oxygen concentration from lower to 21%. But the decrease of the

accumulate exergy loss was reversed by increase of chemical dissociation due to higher combustion

temperature. Therefore Lean burn, high boost, high EGR and high compression ratio are the

precondition of low exergy loss and high exergy/work transformation. A numerical simulation study

of HCCI combustion in IC engines revealed that the grass indicated thermal efficiency (ITEg) could

reach to 68.8% with the conditions of lean burn(φ=0.5), high EGR(O2=7%), high compression

ratio(CR=100). No mixing process and ignition phase control is considered which deliberately set

as homogenous mixture and burning at the top dead center. Therefore, the high compression ratio,

turbocharged, lean burn HCCI combustion was believed as the promising technology for high

efficiency investigation. By regulating charge pressure, temperature, EGR, compression ratio, the

ITEg of 51% could be realized in a wider operation range but sill is a long distance to 68.8%. The

analysis resulted in that the obstacle was due to the problem that we have to simultaneously

control two parameters of ignition phase and combustion rate, which caused the loss of the

advantage of the high compression ratio. In order to get rid of ignition phase control by injection

control we turned into a comprisable study of the gasoline direct injection compression ignition

combustion. However the new problem was fuel/air mixing dragging on the combustion rate. It is

the promising of over 60% efficiency to redesign the I C engine configuration or construction which

enables to conduct combustion with very high burning rate without the problem of ignition phase

control and the combustion deflagration.

11. Zhen Huang

Bio:

Zhen HUANG, Chair Professor and Vice President of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He obtained his

Bachelor Degree from the Mechanical Engineering Department of SJTU in 1982 and doctoral

degree in 1988. His research interests are focused on engine combustion, alternative fuel for

transportation and urban air pollution control. He has published over 280 papers in the technical

literature and obtained 33 invention patents. Due to his contribution, he has received several

important awards for his contributions, including the National Distinguished Young Scholar Award,

Cheung Kong Chair Professor of Ministry of Education，National Natural Science Award and

Technological Invention Award.

Fuel design and injection management - Pathways for engine particulate matter emissions

reduction

Zhen Huang

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Abstract

Updating

12. Robert Wagner

Bio:

Dr. Robert Wagner is the Director of the National Transportation Research Center (NTRC) at Oak

Ridge National Laboratory; a faculty member of the Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research

and Graduate Education at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville; and a Fellow of the American

Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

International, and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). His responsibilities

include vision and strategic leadership of NTRC, coordination of researchers and resources, and

management of the NTRC as a DOE-designated National User Facility. He also supports external

strategic outreach, which includes the development of strategic collaborations with industry,

universities, and other national laboratories, and the development of strategic internal

collaborations to leverage ORNL signature capabilities in high performance computing, neutron

sciences, material sciences, and additive manufacturing. Dr. Wagner has organized more than 20

international symposiums and authored more than 100 technical publications. He is also the

recipient of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Award and the SAE International Leadership

Citation. He earned BS, MS, and PhD degrees in mechanical engineering from the Missouri

University of Science & Technology and was an EPA Science to Achieve Results Fellow.

The future of the internal combustion engine—roles and responsibilities

Robert Wagner

Abstract

Advances in vehicle technologies and infrastructure coupled with increasing fuel economy

regulations are leading to a broad spectrum in engine complexity and duty cycle. Engines of lower

complexity with less technical content are of interest for hybrid-electric vehicles to manage the

overall cost of having an internal combustion engine, energy storage, electric drive, and additional

power electronics. Engines of higher complexity with more technical content are required for

engine-only vehicles to maximize vehicle fuel economy across the vehicle drive cycle. While the

roles and responsibilities of these engine applications are different, both require engines with high

efficiency and low emissions for their respective duty cycles. This presentation will discuss trends

and technologies for new engines for both hybrid-electric applications and stand-alone propulsion

systems. The hybrid-electric discussion will include opportunities associated with the partial or

complete decoupling of the engine from vehicle power demands for differing levels of

electrification. The engine-only discussion will cover ongoing research on advanced compression

ignition combustion (ACI) and multi-mode approaches that require the use of two distinct modes

of combustion, such as spark-ignition and ACI combustion, to maximize efficiency across the speed-

load domain of the vehicle. The ACI combustion discussion will include a conceptual perspective

and supporting data on the continuum of ACI combustion modes and the significance of this

perspective on implementation. The multi-mode discussion will include the role of ACI combustion

and the relative importance of operational range and engine efficiency on fuel economy.

13. Ulrich Spicher

Bio:

Prof Ulrich Spicher obtained the PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering, Technical University

Aachen in 1982. And he worked as Senior Department Manager “Combustion Systems for Internal

Combustion Engines”at FEV Motorentechnik (1987-1993). In 1994, he worked as professor for

Internal Combustion Engines and Director of the Institute for Reciprocating Engines at Karlsruhe

Institute of Technology (KIT) and then retired in 2013. He has worked as a founder of the

Engineering Company MOT GmbH since 2006, worked as CEO and General Manager of MOT

GmbH in 2012-2016, and worked as Senior Technical Adviser of APL GmbH and MOT GmbH since

2016. His research topics contains Internal Combustion Engines, Gasoline Direct Injection, Mixture

Preparation, Combustion Processes, Irregular Combustion (Knocking, Pre-Ignition), Exhaust

Emissions, Optical Measurement Techniques for Combustion Diagnostics.

Development trends aiming at improving both fuel economy and exhaust emissions for

Eco-friendly powertrains

Ulrich Spicher

KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany (retired)

Senior Technical Advisor APL GmbH, Germany (Consultant)

Abstract

The internal combustion engine has attained a considerable level of sophistication since its

invention about 150 years ago. Globally, the spark ignited engine still represents the predominant

propulsion in passenger cars today, while the compression ignition engine is the predominant

powertrain in Europe. Nevertheless, there is still a high potential for further improvements

considering thermal efficiency and engine-out emissions for both engine configurations.

The first part of the presentation provides a review of current and future emission regulations for

passenger cars. In particular the discrepancy between current statutory emission standards and

real driving emissions is highlighted. The second part of the presentation is dedicated to the

general requirements for individual mobility and recent strategies for engine efficiency

optimization as well as measures to reduce exhaust emissions. In particular the most promising

methods to improve fuel consumption are presented, i.e. optimization of the combustion process,

downsizing with boosting, gas exchange strategies, direct fuel injection, etc. All these measures

will be discussed in correlation with fuel economy improvement and exhaust emissions reduction

for both engine types, the spark ignited (SI - Otto) engine as well as the compression ignition (CI –

Diesel) engine. Special issues in SI engines like low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) as well as the

occurrence of exhaust emissions (particulates and nitrogen oxides) in both SI engines and CI

engines as well as the reduction of these emissions by optimization of in-cylinder processes and

with exhaust gas after treatment systems will be discussed more in detail.

Finally, the presentation concludes with a detailed review on challenges for future developments,

i.e. sustainable fuels for future mobility. Additionally, an evaluation of different powertrains for

light duty vehicles at real driving conditions will be executed.

14. Koichi Nakata

Bio:

Mr. Koichi Nakata is the General Manager of Toyota Motor Corporation. He got bachelor’s degree

in Physics engineering from Kyoto University in 1990. Then he joined Toyota Motor Corporation.

He was the Engineer of combustion and ignition system development (1990-1998) and the

Assistant Manager of engine thermal efficiency enhancement (1999-2004). He served as the Group

Manager of engine development for HVs (2005-2010) and the Project General Manager of new

engine development (TNGA engines, ESTEC engines) (2011-2017). Since 2018, he has become the

General Manager of advanced powertrain function development. In addition, he is the Assistance

for SIP(Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program).

Engine technplogies to realize sustainable society

Koichi Nakata

Toyota Motor Corporation

Abstract

To correspond to the environmental issues, such as climate change and air pollution, electrification has been

focused on. Especially battery electric vehicle is being focused on. On the other hand, it can be considered that

hybrid vehicle which uses internal combustion engine is a one main stream of the future powertrain system by

developing high thermal efficiency and achieving near zero emission. This presentation discusses the future

possibility of internal combustion engine with the introduction of fuel utilization and the examples of reducing

emission.

15. Hongmin Xu

Bio:

Professor Hongming Xu is Chair of Energy and Automotive Engineering and Head of Vehicle and Engine

Research Centre, The University of Birmingham. He obtained his BEng and MEng degrees from Hefei

University of Technology in 1982 and 1984 respectively and PhD from Imperial College in 1995 and then

worked as post-doctoral Research Fellow and Senior Research Fellow. He moved to Jaguar Land Rover

Research Group in 2000 where he was a Technical Specialist and Member of Ford Global HCCI Steering

Committee. He joined the University of Birmingham in 2005 and was promoted to professor in 2009. So

far he has won total funding of £10 million as PI for research projects from UK/EU governments and

industry. He is also a ‘1000 Talent’ Professor at Tsinghua University where he leads a NSFC Key Project

on GDI engine PM emissions. He has over 300 publications in engine research involving experimental

and modelling studies. He is Fellow of IMechE and SAE International. His main research interests include

engine fuel spray, combustion and emissions and Artificial Intelligence based control of powertrains. He

was awarded the title of ‘Birmingham Hero’ in 2010 for “outstanding research contribution to

sustainable transport”.

Impact of Mixture Stratification on Particulate Emissions of Gasoline Direct Injection

Engines

Hongmin Xu

University of Birmingham

Abstract

An overview world-wide particulate matter (PM) emissions of automotive engines is provided in the

context of global warming scenario. Hot topics of research in the field of engine emission control are

reviewed. The particulate emissions from GDI engines are initially presented as dry particles formed

from the soot generated in the cylinder during combustion and then coated with volatiles and semi-

volatiles. The particulate matter evolutions in the exhaust system are measured and modelled to show

how the particulates in nuclei and accumulation modes exchange weighting factors in the exhaust flow.

Spray and droplet characteristics of coked injectors with deposits against clean ones are investigated by

using CFD, ultra-high speed imaging, PDPA and PLIF. Mixture stratification and combustion emissions

in a single cylinder optical engine and thermal GDI engine with the same geometry with different

injectors are measured and studied at stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. The coked injector has modified

penetration lengths and spray cone angles compared to the clean injector. PLIF images for different SOI

timing indicate that the coked injector is more prone to producing regions of rich fuel/air mixture and

result in more unstable combustion. Images of the optical engine combustion reveal apparent diffusion

flame around the coked injector tip and on the cylinder wall at the end of combustion. In-cylinder

pressure measurements in the singe cylinder and multi cylinder production GDI engines indicate the

coked injectors produce lower in-cylinder pressure with undesirable combustion quality and increased

particulate emissions as well as increased unburned hydrocarbon emissions for all injection timing

strategies. The impact of fuel properties on particulate emissions is significant but the effect of ethanol

is shown less sensitive to injector deposits. Finally, an artificial intelligence based engine control and

calibration technique is demonstrated in order to minimise the particulate emissions with certain given

constraints.

16. Hua Zhao

Bio：

Hua Zhao is the Vice Dean (Research) of College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences,Chairman of College

Research Ethics Committee, Director of Centre for Advanced Powertrain and Fuels (CAPF), Former Head of

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Former course directors for BEng/MEng Degrees in

Motorsport Engineering, and Former supervisor and faculty advisor for Brunel Formula Student and Brunel Master

Racing teams. He got his BEng.in Tianjin University, China (1984) and PhD.in Leeds University, U.K. (1989). He has

been the Fellow of Institution of Mechanical Engineers (UK) (2007),(DSc. of Brunel University London (2009), Fellow

of Society of Automotive Engineers (US) (2012) and Fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering (UK) (2015). He has

published more than 300 academic papers and cultivated more than 40 PhD students and postdoctors.

A high-efficiency 2-stroke engine concept: Boosted Uniflow Scavenged Direct Injection

Gasoline (BUSDIG) engine with the air hybrid operation

Hua Zhao

Brunel University London

Abstract

A novel 2-stroke Boosted Uniflow Scavenged Direct Injection Gasoline (BUSDIG) engine was proposed

and designed to achieve aggressive engine down-sizing and down-speeding. The engine bore/stroke

ratio the scavenge port and intake plenum were optimized to achieve best scavenging performance

and desirable in-cylinder flow motions. The effects of the opening profiles of scavenge ports and exhaust

valves were investigated on the performance and scavenging process in the 2-stroke BUSDIG engine.

By introducing more advanced combustion processes and control techniques, the combined 3D and 1D

engine simulation indicated that a 2-cylinder 1-litre BUSDIG engine can achieve a maximum thermal

efficiency of 47% with significantly higher low speed torque and power density than the equivalent 4-

stroke engines.

17. Liguang Li

Bio:

Liguang Li is the Privileged Professor of Tongji University, and he acts as Chair Professor of Combustion Engine,

School of Automotive Studies, Professorship Chair of KSPG, CDHK. He also acts as Executive Board member of China

SAE and Chinese Society of Internal Combustion Engine, Fellow China SAE and Fellow SAE International. His main

research interests are fuel spray atomization, combustion and alternative fuels.

The path to super high efficiency over 50% for passenger car gasoline engine

Liguang Li

Tongji University

Abstract

To meet the strict fuel consumption and emission regulation for the future, and the request of gasoline technologies

for 2030, the high thermal efficiency technology for next generation gasoline engine, especially for the super high

efficiency engine technologies are presented. The possibility and challenge for over 50% efficiency of a novel Argon

Power Cycle Engine with fuel of Hydrogen is analyzed in simulation and specially introduced.