1 dwdm-ram: enabling grid services with dynamic optical networks s. figueira, s. naiksatam, h....
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DWDM-RAM:Enabling Grid Services with Dynamic Optical
NetworksS. Figueira, S. Naiksatam, H.
Cohen,D. Cutrell, P. Daspit, D. Gutierrez,D. Hoang, T. Lavian, J. Mambretti,
S. Merrill, F. Travostino
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DWDM-RAM
DARPA-funded projectSanta Clara, CA
Nortel NetworksSanta Clara University
Chicago, ILiCAIR / Northwestern University
AustraliaUniversity of Technology, Sydney
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DWDM-RAM
GoalMake dynamic optical network usable
by grid applicationsProvide lightpaths as a serviceDesign and implement in prototype a
new type of grid service architecture optimized to support data-intensive grid applications through advanced optical network
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Why Dynamic Optical Network?
Packet-switching technologyGreat solution for small-burst
communication, such as email, telnet, etc.
Data-intensive grid applicationsInvolves moving massive amounts of
dataRequires high and sustained bandwidth
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Why Dynamic Optical Network?
DWDMBasically circuit switchingEnable QoS at the Physical LayerProvide
High bandwidthSustained bandwidth
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Why Dynamic Optical Network?
DWDM based on dynamic wavelength switchingEnable dedicated optical paths to be
allocated dynamically
In a few seconds…
A B A
C
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Why Dynamic Optical Network?
Any drawbacks?The overhead incurred during end-to-
end path setup
Not really a problemThe overhead is amortized by the
long time taken to move massive amounts of data
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Why Dynamic Optical Network?
Setup time = 48 sec, Bandwidth=920 Mbps
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000
File Size (MBytes)
Se
tup
tim
e /
To
tal T
ran
sfe
r T
ime
500GB
When dealing with data-intensive applications, overhead is
insignificant!
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Why Grid Services?
Applications need access to the networkTo request and release lightpaths
Grid servicesCan provide an interface to allocate
and release lightpaths
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
DataCenter
1
n
1
n
DataCenter
Data-Intensive Applications
Dynamic Lambda, Optical Burst, etc., Grid services
DataTransfer Service
Basic NetworkResource
Service
NetworkResource Scheduler
Network Resource Service
DataHandlerService
Information S
ervice
Application MiddlewareLayer
Network ResourceMiddlewareLayer
Connectivity and Fabric Layers
OGSI-ification API
NRS Grid Service API
DTS API
Optical path control
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
Communication Protocols
ODIN
OMNInetFabric
Connectivity
Resource
Collective
Application
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
Communication Protocols
ODIN
OMNInetFabric
Connectivity
Resource
Collective
Application
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
OMNInet - photonic testbed networkFour-node multi-site optical metro
testbed network in Chicago -- the first 10GE service trial!
All-optical MEMS-based switching and advanced high-speed services
Partners: SBC, Nortel, iCAIR at Northwestern, EVL, CANARIE, ANL
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4x10GE
Northwestern U
OpticalSwitchingPlatform
Passport8600
ApplicationCluster
OMNInet Core Nodes
ApplicationCluster
OpticalSwitchingPlatform
Passport8600
4x10GE
StarLight
OPTera Metro5200
ApplicationCluster
OpticalSwitchingPlatform
Passport8600
4x10GE8x1GE
UIC
CA*net3--Chicago
OpticalSwitchingPlatform
Passport8600
Closed loop
4x10GE8x1GE
8x1GE
8x1GELoop
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
ODIN - Optical Dynamic Intelligent NetworkSoftware suite that controls the OMNInet
through lower-level API callsDesigned for high-performance, long-term
flow with flexible and fine grained controlStateless server, which includes an API to
provide path provisioning and monitoring to the higher layers
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
Communication Protocols
ODIN
OMNInetFabric
Connectivity
Resource
Collective
Application
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
Communication ProtocolsCurrently, using standard off-the-shelf
communication protocol suites Provide communication between application
clients and DWDM-RAM services and between DWDM-RAM components
Communication consists of mainly SOAP messages in HTTP envelopes transported over TCP/IP connections
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
Communication Protocols
ODIN
OMNInetFabric
Connectivity
Resource
Collective
Application
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
Network Resource SchedulingEssentially a resource management
serviceMaintains schedules and provisions
resources in accordance with the schedule
Provides an OGSI compliant interface to request the optical network resources
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
Communication Protocols
ODIN
OMNInetFabric
Connectivity
Resource
Collective
Application
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
Data Transfer SchedulingDirect extension of the NRS service,
provides an OGSI interfaceShares the same backend scheduling
engine and resides on the same hostProvides a high-level functionalityAllow applications to schedule data
transfers without the need to directly reserve lightpaths
The service also perform the actual data transfer once the network is allocated
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Data Transfer Scheduling
Uses standard ftpUses NRS to allocate lambdasUses OGSI calls to request network resources
λData Receiver Data Source
FTP client FTP server
DTS NRS
Client App
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
Communication Protocols
ODIN
OMNInetFabric
Connectivity
Resource
Collective
Application
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DWDM-RAM Architecture
ApplicationsTarget is data-intensive applications
since their requirements make them the perfect costumer for DWDM networks
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DWDM-RAM Modes
Applications may request a data transfer
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
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DWDM-RAM Modes
Applications may request a network connection
Applications
Network Resource Scheduling
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DWDM-RAM Modes
Applications may request a set of resources through any resource allocator, which will handle the network reservation
Applications
Network Resource Scheduling
Resource Allocator
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The Network Service
The NRS is the key for providing network as a resourceIt is a service with an application-level
interfaceUsed for requesting, releasing, and
managing the underlying network resources
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The Network Service
NRSUnderstands the topology of the
networkMaintains schedules and provisions
resources in accordance with the schedule
Keeps one scheduling map for each lambda in each segment
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The Network Service
4 Scheduling maps:Each with a vector of time intervals for keeping the reservations
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The Network Service
4 scheduling maps for each segment
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The Network Service
NRSProvides an OGSI-based interface to
network resourcesRequest parameters
Network addresses of the hosts to be connectedWindow of time for the allocationDuration of the allocationMinimum and maximum acceptable bandwidth
(future)
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The Network Service
NRS Provides the network resource
On demandBy advance reservation
Network is requested within a windowConstrainedUnder-constrained
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The Network Service
On DemandConstrained window: right now!Under-constrained window: ASAP!
Advance ReservationConstrained window
Tight window, fits the transference time closely
Under-constrained windowLarge window, fits the transference time looselyAllows flexibility in the scheduling
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The Network ServiceUnder-constrained window
Request for 1/2 hour between 4:00 and 5:30 on Segment D granted to User W at 4:00
New request from User X for same segment for 1 hour between 3:30 and 5:00
Reschedule user W to 4:30; user X to 3:30. Everyone is happy.
Route allocated for a time slot; new request comes in; 1st route can be rescheduled for a later slot within window to accommodate new request
4:30 5:00 5:304:003:30
W
4:30 5:00 5:304:003:30
X
4:30 5:00 5:304:003:30
WX
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Experiments
Experiments have been performed on the OMNInetEnd-to-end FTP transfer over a 1Gbps
linkGoal
Exercise the network to show that the full bandwidth can be utilized
Demonstrate that the path setup time is not significant
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End-to-End Transfer Time
0.5s 3.6s 0.5s 174s 0.3s 11s
OD
IN S
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Application Level Measurements
File size: 20 GB
Path allocation: 29.7 secs
Data transfer setup time:
0.141 secs
FTP transfer time: 174 secs
Maximum transfer rate: 935 Mbits/sec
Path tear down time: 11.3 secs
Effective transfer rate: 762 Mbits/sec
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20GB File Transfer
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Current Status
Allocation of one-segment lightpathOn demand allocation has been
tested at the OMNInetAdvance reservation has been
implemented but not tested at the OMNInet
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Future Work
Nortel Networks / SURFnetLightpath allocationMultiple-segment lightpathsOptimized allocation when more than one
path is available
Scheduling in large-scale networks Involves different administrative and/or
geographic domainsRequires a distributed approach
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Conclusion
Dynamic optical network is a key technology for data-intensive grid computingDWDM-RAM’s network service enables lightpaths to be provided as a primary resource