Chapter 8Lesson 3

The Solar System

Pgs. 212-221

1. Each planet revolves around the Sun in an orbit shaped like an ellipse, a slightly flattened

circle.

2. Newton discovered that the balance between gravity and inertia keeps the planets in

orbit.

3. In the 1500s, Copernicus proposed that the planets revolve around the Sun.

4. Telescopes make faraway objects seem closer.

5. In the 1960s, rockets from NASA took astronauts into

space.

6. The United States worked with other countries to build the

International Space Station, which can stay in space for a

long time.

7. An unmanned spacecraft that carries data-recording

equipment into space is called a probe.

8. Earth, Mars, Mercury, and Venus are closest to the Sun and

are called the rocky planets.

9. The atmosphere of Venus is made of carbon dioxide.

10. The four outer planets lie beyond Mars.

11. All of the outer planets are made mostly of hydrogen and

helium.

12. The largest planet is Jupiter, and the next-largest is Saturn.

13. When comets get close to the Sun, they form a tail.

14. Most asteroids lie in a belt between Mars and Jupiter.

Smaller planets are called dwarf planets. Most are round and made of rock and ice. Their

orbits cross the orbits of other objects.