11

Energy and Energy and MatterMatter

22

The three major temperature scales.The three major temperature scales.

Absolute Zero

Room Temperature70 F or 21 C

K = C + 273

C = K - 273

33

44

The three states of water:The three states of water:

55

Changes in MatterChanges in MatterPhysical changesPhysical changes Crushing, tearing, cuttingCrushing, tearing, cutting

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties Boiling point, Freezing point, color, stateBoiling point, Freezing point, color, state Can be observed without changing substance’s Can be observed without changing substance’s

compositioncomposition

Chemical changesChemical changes Burning, cooking, chemical reactions, rustingBurning, cooking, chemical reactions, rusting In chemical reactions:In chemical reactions:

Color change, precipitate, bubbling, gas produced, smellColor change, precipitate, bubbling, gas produced, smell

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties Reactivity in a chemical reactionReactivity in a chemical reaction

66

The three forms of the element carbon:The three forms of the element carbon:

These are Allotropes!

Basic Building Blocks of Matter

• An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element.

• An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom.

• A compound is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

Chapter 1

Classification of Matter• A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter,

each of which retains its own identity and properties. • mixed together physically• can usually be separated

• Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions • uniform in composition (salt-water solution)

• Heterogeneous mixtures• not uniform throughout (clay-water mixture)

Chapter 1

Classifying Matter

Section 2 Matter and Its PropertiesChapter 1

1010

MatterThe The

organization organization of matterof matter

SubstancesMixture of

Substances

Element CompoundHomogeneous

Mixture(Solution)

HeterogeneousMixture

Can beSeparatedPhysically

Can beSeparatedChemically

Types of Mixtures

Chapter 1

1212

Twenty-four-karat gold is an elementTwenty-four-karat gold is an elementEighteen-karat gold is an alloy. Eighteen-karat gold is an alloy. Fourteen-karat gold is an alloy.Fourteen-karat gold is an alloy.

1313

Filtration Filtration separates separates

a liquid a liquid from a from a solid.solid.

1414

No chemical change occurs when salt water is No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled.distilled.

1515

Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture.Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture.

1616

DistillationDistillation

1717

Electrolysis, the Electrolysis, the decomposition of decomposition of

water by an water by an electric current, is electric current, is

a chemical a chemical process.process.

1818

A Mixture: The composition of air.A Mixture: The composition of air.

DensityDensity

Density = Density = Mass Mass kgkg g g kgkg Volume Volume mm33 cmcm33 L L

Low density mass immersed in higher Low density mass immersed in higher density fluid risesdensity fluid rises

High density mass immersed in lower High density mass immersed in lower density fluid sinks density fluid sinks

2020

Tank of water.Tank of water.

2121

Person submerged in the tank.Person submerged in the tank.

Difference Between Mass and WeightDifference Between Mass and Weight

Mass is the measurement of the amount of Mass is the measurement of the amount of matter in an objectmatter in an object

Weight depends on the gravity where the mass Weight depends on the gravity where the mass is locatedis located

Your mass is the same on the moon or earthYour mass is the same on the moon or earth

You will weigh 1/6 as much as on the moon as You will weigh 1/6 as much as on the moon as on the earthon the earth The gravity on the moon is 1/6 that of the earthThe gravity on the moon is 1/6 that of the earth

2222

EnergyEnergy

Potential Energy depends on an object’s Potential Energy depends on an object’s positionposition

Kinetic Energy depends on an object’s Kinetic Energy depends on an object’s motion motion

2323

Forms of EnergyForms of Energy

•Thermal EnergyThermal Energy•Electrical EnergyElectrical Energy•Chemical EnergyChemical Energy•Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy•Electromagnetic EnergyElectromagnetic Energy

2525

MatterMatterAnything that has mass and volumeAnything that has mass and volumeFour states of matterFour states of matter

SolidSolid GoldGoldRetains Retains ShapeShape HighHigh Little ChangeLittle Change

LiquidLiquid WaterWaterTakes Shape Takes Shape of Containerof Container HighHigh Little ChangeLittle Change

GasGas NitrogenNitrogenTakes Shape Takes Shape of Containerof Container LowLow

Compresses Compresses under under

PressurePressure

PlasmaPlasma Interior of Interior of SunSun

Contained by Contained by magnetic magnetic

fieldfieldLowLow

Compresses Compresses under under

PressurePressure

WhenExample Shape Density Pressurized