1. epithelial: covering 2. connective: support 3. nervous: control 4. muscular: movement most organs...
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1. epithelial: covering2. connective: support3. nervous: control4. muscular: movement
Most organs have several types of tissues.
Arrangement of tissues determines organ’s structure and function.
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fit close together forms continuous sheets bound together by
desmosomes and tight junctions
one apical surface (unattached) exposed to body’s
exterior some slick, some
smooth some with cilia,
microvilli
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lowest surface – basement membrane structure-less secreted by cells support
avascular
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protect underlying structures
act a barrier allow passage of
substances secretion absorption
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2 names1- # of relative
layerssimple = onestratified = > 1
2 – shapesquamouscuboidalcolumnar
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structure: single layer on basement layer flattened cells disc-shaped nucleus fit close together
function: diffusion filtration
location: air sacs of lungs walls of capillaries lining of ventral body cavity
and covering of cavity organs
kidneys
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structure: single layer on basement
layer cube-like cells spherical shaped nucleus Some have cilia or
microvilli.
function: active transport facilitated diffusion secretion absorption
location: glands and their ducts kidney tubules surface of ovaries
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structure: single layer on basement
layer tall cells; close together oval nucleus Some have cilia. Some have goblet cells.
▪ produce mucus
function: secretion of mucus absorption ciliated: propel mucus,
move eggs
location: non-ciliated: digestive
tract ciliated: bronchi, uterus
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structure: single layer of mixed height
cells attached to basement layer
appears stratified but is not some goblet cells some cilia nuclei at different levels
function: secretion of mucus ciliated: propulsion of
mucus
location: non-ciliated: large glands
and their ducts, male urethra
ciliated: trachea, upper respiratory tract
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structure: several layers Free edge is squamous. cuboidal/columnar on
bottom▪ can regenerate▪ New cells pushed to surface
to replace surface cells as needed.
keratinized▪ composed of dead cells
non-keratinized ▪ living cells with moist surface
function: protects underlying tissue keratinized
▪ protection from abrasion▪ barrier▪ reduces water loss
non-keratinized▪ protection▪ barrier▪ allows rapid movement of
water
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location: keratinized▪ epidermis
non-keratinized▪ linings of mouth▪ esophagus▪ vagina
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structure: > 1 layer of cuboidal relatively rare
function: absorption secretion protection
location: sweat gland ducts ovarian follicular cells salivary glands
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structure: > 1 layer ▪ upper layer: columnar▪ lower layer: cuboidal or
irregular
relatively rare
function: absorption secretion protection
location: mammary gland
ducts larynx male urethra
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structure: special type of stratified base cells
▪ stretched: appear squamous
▪ unstretched: appear cuboidal
Surface cells can vary.
function: allows stretching protects against urine
location: linings that expand▪ ureters▪ bladder▪ part of urethra
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glands one or more cells that
secrete a particular product onto a surface or into a cavity
composed primarily of epithelium
structure: endocrine
▪ ductless
exocrine▪ have ducts
function: endocrine
▪ secrete into bloodstream exocrine
▪ empty secretions onto surface
location: endocrine
▪ thyroid▪ adrenal▪ pituitary
exocrine▪ sweat, oil glands▪ liver▪ pancreas
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most abundant and widely distributed tissue type
different in fiber type and number of fibers
good blood supply except: tendons/ligaments – poor blood
supply cartilage – avascular
living cells surrounded by a matrix what makes this type of tissue different from
all others living cells and non-living substances separates cells from one another
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1. enclosing and separating
form capsules around liver, kidneys
separate muscles
2. connect tissues to one another
Tendons attach muscle to bone.
Ligaments hold bones together.
3. supporting and moving bones – support for body semi-rigid cartilage –
support in nose, ears, surfaces of joints
4. storing high energy molecules
and minerals
5. cushioning and insulating
Fat beneath skin cushions bones, insulates to conserve heat.
6. transporting blood7. protecting
immune system, blood, bones
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structure: soft, pliable gel-like matrix▪ mostly collagen, few
elastic fibers cells widely separate fibroblasts phagocytes some white blood cells
function: protects holds internal organs
together cushions (packing
material) holds tissue fluids
location: throughout body fills spaces between
glands, muscles, nerves under epithelial cells▪ supports basement layer
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structure: fat cells Nucleus pushed to side by
fat droplets. very little matrix closely packed
function: store energy (f00d fuel) supports and protects
organs insulates
location: under skin around kidneys, eyeballs,
abdomen, breasts
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structure: reticular fibers look like fibroblasts
function: forms stroma (soft internal
skeleton) for other cell types
location: lymph nodes bone marrow spleen
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structure: densely packed collagen
fibers fibroblasts
function: attaches muscle to bone
or bone to bone
location: tendons ligaments lower layers of skin
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structure: firm matrix
▪ looks blue-white, glassy
collagen fibers chondroblasts chondrocytes
function: supports reinforces allows growth of long bone resists compression
location: embryonic skeleton attachment of ribs to
breastbone joints nasal cartilages larynx
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structure: less firm than hyaline white fibers in thick
bundles
function: absorbs compressive shock rigidity with flexibility
location: discs of knee joints intervertebral discs pubic symphysis
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structure: elastin in matrix yellow
function: able to distend and return to
original state
location: external ear epiglottis
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structure: very hard matrix
▪ contain calcium salts and collagen
osteocytes in lacuna (spaces in matrix)
function: supports protects Marrow is site for blood cell
formation.
location: bones
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structure: liquid matrix non-living blood plasma
contains blood cells Fibers are soluble protein
molecules.
function: transports nutrients and
waste
location: capillaries, veins, arteries
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contract (shorten) – makes movement possible
Elongated cells called muscle fiber. length is greater diameterCells resemble tiny threads.
3 types1. skeletal2. cardiac3. smooth
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structure: long, cylindrical several nuclei per cell
located on edges obvious striations
function: voluntary movement facial expressions
location: muscles attached to bones
or other connective tissue occasionally skin
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structure: cylindrical, shorter than
skeletal one nuclei per cell connected by intercalated
discs (junctions)
function: involuntary movement to
pump blood
location: walls of heart
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structure: spindle shaped, tapered at
each end central nuclei no striations
function: involuntary control movement of food in
digestive tract empties urinary bladder
location: walls of hollow organs
except heart skin eyes
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cells: neurons irritability and conductivityCytoplasm is long extension.Supporting cells insulate and
support. brain, nerves, spinal cord
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structure: Neurons are branching
cells. extended cytoplasm Neuroglia insulate and
support.
function: transmit electrical signals coordinating, controlling
body activities
location: brain, spinal cord, nerves
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