1 eu-gog stakeholders’ consultative workshop 10 th european development fund country strategy...
TRANSCRIPT
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EU-GOG STAKEHOLDERS’ EU-GOG STAKEHOLDERS’ CONSULTATIVE CONSULTATIVE
WORKSHOPWORKSHOP1010THTH EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND COUNTRY STRATEGY PAPER/NATIONAL COUNTRY STRATEGY PAPER/NATIONAL
INDICATIVE PROGRAMME INDICATIVE PROGRAMME SEPTEMBER, 2006 ACCRA.SEPTEMBER, 2006 ACCRA.
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Workshop ObjectivesWorkshop Objectives
Sensitize State and Non- State Actors Sensitize State and Non- State Actors about ACP-EU Cooperation (Cotonou about ACP-EU Cooperation (Cotonou Partnership Agreement).Partnership Agreement).
Seek Stakeholders’ opinions, Seek Stakeholders’ opinions, suggestions, comments and inputs suggestions, comments and inputs for the 10for the 10thth EDF CSP/NIP. EDF CSP/NIP.
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STRUCTURE OF STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION
Setting the Context:Setting the Context:
1010thth European Development Fund European Development Fund
Ghana Joint Assistance Strategy (JAS)Ghana Joint Assistance Strategy (JAS)
Followed by a separate presentation on Followed by a separate presentation on 1010thth EDF Country Strategy Paper and EDF Country Strategy Paper and National Indicative Programme National Indicative Programme (CSP/NIP)(CSP/NIP)
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ACP-EU COOPERATION ACP-EU COOPERATION (COTONOU PARTNERSHIP (COTONOU PARTNERSHIP
AGREEMENT)AGREEMENT) ACP and EU cooperation formalized in ACP and EU cooperation formalized in
1975 with the signing of the Lome 1 1975 with the signing of the Lome 1 Convention- the first in a series of Convention- the first in a series of partnership agreements.partnership agreements.
Signing of Cotonou Agreement in 2000 for Signing of Cotonou Agreement in 2000 for a 20 year period. It was revised in 2004.a 20 year period. It was revised in 2004.
There are now 25 EU Member States and There are now 25 EU Member States and 78 ACP Countries which have acceded to 78 ACP Countries which have acceded to the Agreement. the Agreement.
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Overarching Objectives of Overarching Objectives of CooperationCooperation
Eradication of poverty in the context Eradication of poverty in the context of sustainable developmentof sustainable development
Pursuit of the Millennium Pursuit of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)Development Goals (MDGs)
Integration of developing countries in Integration of developing countries in the world economy while promoting the world economy while promoting policy coherence for developmentpolicy coherence for development
(Source: European Consensus on Development, (Source: European Consensus on Development, 2005)2005)
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The 3 Pillars of Cotonou The 3 Pillars of Cotonou AgreementAgreement
Cotonou Agreement may be viewed Cotonou Agreement may be viewed as a house built on 3 pillars. as a house built on 3 pillars.
Cotonou Agreement
Development Cooperation
(EDF)
Political Dimensions
Trade
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European Development Fund European Development Fund (EDF)(EDF)
EDF is a dedicated fund for development EDF is a dedicated fund for development established by EU into which every 5-years,each established by EU into which every 5-years,each of the EU Member States contributes an agreed of the EU Member States contributes an agreed amount.amount.
Currently, the 9th EDF (2002-2007) is operational.Currently, the 9th EDF (2002-2007) is operational. Cooperation follows a 5-year cycle and the Cooperation follows a 5-year cycle and the
relevant Financial Protocol is agreed upon and relevant Financial Protocol is agreed upon and attached to the Agreement.attached to the Agreement.
The EDF is used to provide Financial and The EDF is used to provide Financial and Technical Assistance to support cooperation Technical Assistance to support cooperation priorities jointly agreed upon by EU- ACP.priorities jointly agreed upon by EU- ACP.
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European Development Fund European Development Fund (EDF)(EDF)cont’dcont’d
1010thth EDF figures for 2008-2013: EDF figures for 2008-2013: 22,6 billion Euros overall22,6 billion Euros overall 282 million Euros plus incentive 282 million Euros plus incentive
tranche to Ghanatranche to Ghana 4.5 million Euros plus incentive tranche 4.5 million Euros plus incentive tranche
to West-Africa (ECOWAS and UEMOA)to West-Africa (ECOWAS and UEMOA)
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European Development Fund European Development Fund (EDF) cont’d(EDF) cont’d
EDF is channeled through 2 facilities: Grant EDF is channeled through 2 facilities: Grant Facility (GF) and Investment Facility (IF):Facility (GF) and Investment Facility (IF):
GF is for cooperation programmes with GF is for cooperation programmes with countries, regions and all ACP. It is countries, regions and all ACP. It is managed by the EC.managed by the EC.
IF is for private sector development and IF is for private sector development and managed by European Investment Bank managed by European Investment Bank (EIB).(EIB).
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Programming of EDFProgramming of EDF
Process of consultations between EC and Process of consultations between EC and ACP member country or Regional ACP member country or Regional Organization to agree on priorities.Organization to agree on priorities.
Application of the concept of Rolling Application of the concept of Rolling Programming allows when justified, initial Programming allows when justified, initial priorities and budget allocations to be priorities and budget allocations to be revised during the Mid-Term Review revised during the Mid-Term Review (MTR). (MTR).
The MTR for the 10The MTR for the 10thth EDF will be in 2010. EDF will be in 2010.
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EDF is programmed throughEDF is programmed through
a Country Strategy Paper (CSP) a Country Strategy Paper (CSP)
and implemented throughand implemented through
a National Indicative Programme a National Indicative Programme (NIP)(NIP)
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GHANA JOINT ASSISTANCE GHANA JOINT ASSISTANCE STRATEGY (JAS)STRATEGY (JAS)
The definition of the CSP/NIP for the The definition of the CSP/NIP for the 1010thth EDF is parallel and aligned with EDF is parallel and aligned with the formulation of a the formulation of a Joint Joint Assistance StrategyAssistance Strategy (JAS). (JAS).
The JAS is the Development Partners’ The JAS is the Development Partners’ response that describes how GoG response that describes how GoG and DPs will work together for a four-and DPs will work together for a four-year period from 2007 to 2010year period from 2007 to 2010..
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GHANA JOINT ASSISTANCE GHANA JOINT ASSISTANCE STRATEGY (JAS) cont’dSTRATEGY (JAS) cont’d
The specific objectivesThe specific objectives of the Ghana Joint of the Ghana Joint Assistance Strategy are to: Assistance Strategy are to:
Better align development partners (DPs) country Better align development partners (DPs) country strategies and resource allocations with GPRS II strategies and resource allocations with GPRS II goals and priorities;goals and priorities;
Improve aid delivery through a clearer division of Improve aid delivery through a clearer division of responsibilities between DPs and, thereby a responsibilities between DPs and, thereby a better allocation of DP resources;better allocation of DP resources;
Streamline ways of working amongst Streamline ways of working amongst development partners and improve predictability development partners and improve predictability in resource flows for GoG, and in resource flows for GoG, and
Reduce transactions costs for the Government.Reduce transactions costs for the Government.
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GHANA JOINT ASSISTANCE GHANA JOINT ASSISTANCE STRATEGY (JAS) cont’dSTRATEGY (JAS) cont’d
Who is “in” the JAS?Who is “in” the JAS? All DPs in Ghana are part of the JAS. All DPs in Ghana are part of the JAS.
However, as individual DPs are at However, as individual DPs are at different stages of their programming different stages of their programming cycle, the JAS will allow for DPs to cycle, the JAS will allow for DPs to join fully as their programming cycles join fully as their programming cycles allow.allow.
Currently, EC, WB, DFID, DE and Currently, EC, WB, DFID, DE and CIDA are involved.CIDA are involved.
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GPRS II (+ APRM)National DevelopmentStrategy
‘Global’ DP response
Ghana Partnership Strategy
Joint AssistanceStrategy
CG Results MatrixHarmonisation Action PlanFunding envelope
Subset of DP response
Policy MatrixPoA (APRM)
JAS Structure
Stage 1: Joint Assessment &Strategic FrameworkStage 2: Joint Programme
FAQ -MDBSQ: DPs already joint working through MDBSA: JAS extends joint working to other areas of assistance & other instruments to take forward GPS.
What is the JAS?
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Stage 1: Joint Assessment and Strategic Framework
Stage 2: Joint Programme
(a) Country and partnership assessment(b) Strategic vision – issues and priorities(c) Moving forward – strategic principles, ways of working (SWGs), dialogue struc-ture, aid modalities, & funding estimates 2007-2010
(d) Programming principles(e) Our shared & distinct responsibilities(f) Preferred aid modalities(g) Joint initiatives 2007-10(h) Predicted financing plan(i) JAS Monitoring
JAS Structure/Content
CIDA Annex GDC Annex DFID AnnexEC AnnexWB Annex
All DPssign on to Stage 1
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The 9The 9thth EDF National Indicative EDF National Indicative ProgrammeProgramme
The 9The 9thth EDF NIP for Ghana is being EDF NIP for Ghana is being implemented over the 2002-2007 timeframe.implemented over the 2002-2007 timeframe.
The focal sectors for concentration of EC The focal sectors for concentration of EC interventions are:interventions are: Rural Development;Rural Development; Transport Infrastructure;Transport Infrastructure; Macroeconomic Support.Macroeconomic Support.
These were the same sectors under 8These were the same sectors under 8thth EDF. EDF.
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1010THTH EDF Consultative EDF Consultative Workshop for State and Non Workshop for State and Non
State ActorsState Actors The 9The 9thth EDF NIP will end in December 2007. EDF NIP will end in December 2007.
Thus the need for the workshop in the Thus the need for the workshop in the programming process for the 10programming process for the 10thth EDF EDF CSP/NIP.CSP/NIP.
The consultative process involving the State The consultative process involving the State and Non State Actors is in line with the and Non State Actors is in line with the Cotonou Agreement and EC Programming Cotonou Agreement and EC Programming Guidelines.Guidelines.
The 10The 10thth EDF CSP/NIP is for 2008-2013 period. EDF CSP/NIP is for 2008-2013 period.
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1010THTH EDF Country Strategy EDF Country Strategy Paper/ National Indicative Paper/ National Indicative
Programme (CSP/NIP) Programme (CSP/NIP)
2020
Country Strategy Paper(CSP)
2008-2013
National Indicative Programme
General Budget Support: Growth, Economic reforms, business and trade,
environment
Focal: Road Interconnectivity and Regional Integration
Focal: Governance Decentralisation and Civil Society
Non Focal Sector
Trunk RoadsDecentralization
-Policy Framework
Water & Sanitation
-Social Infrastructure
Feeder Roads
Studies
Civil Society and Parliament
•Enhance capacity of civil society for policy formulation and implementation
•Support Parliament, and policy (possibly)Logical
framework GOG’s Commitments
Logical framework. GOG’s Commitments
Acronyms
• Non State Actors (NSA)• Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA)• Technical Cooperation
Facility (TCF)• Private Sector Development (PSD)
PSD,TRTA,EPA, NSA
Support Studies (TCF)
Migration, Security
Bio-diversity
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General PrinciplesGeneral Principles
Ownership and ParticipationOwnership and Participation Harmonization and CoordinationHarmonization and Coordination Policy mix with other EU policiesPolicy mix with other EU policies Concentration of aid Concentration of aid SubsidiaritySubsidiarity Maximise benefits of the EPAs and Maximise benefits of the EPAs and
mitigate the related transitional costsmitigate the related transitional costs Lessons learnt from global/national Lessons learnt from global/national
evaluation of past cooperationevaluation of past cooperation
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General Principles cont’dGeneral Principles cont’d
Financial allocation:Financial allocation: An initial indicative allocation of 282 An initial indicative allocation of 282
MEUR;MEUR; An additional allocation depending on An additional allocation depending on
the outcome of the dialogue during the the outcome of the dialogue during the programming, the level of commitment programming, the level of commitment that GOG enters into the good that GOG enters into the good governance and the expected governance and the expected absorption capacity.absorption capacity.
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General Principles cont’dGeneral Principles cont’d
Implementation Modalities :Implementation Modalities : General Budget SupportGeneral Budget Support Sector Budget SupportSector Budget Support Programme/ Project AidProgramme/ Project Aid
EC is committed to channeling at least EC is committed to channeling at least 50% of development aid through country’s 50% of development aid through country’s system (budget support).system (budget support).
For Ghana EC commitment to budget For Ghana EC commitment to budget support will be highersupport will be higher
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General Principles cont’dGeneral Principles cont’d(Aid Delivery Methods)(Aid Delivery Methods)
APPROACH
Project
Sector
Global/Macro Budget Support
Pooled or basket funds
EC procurement and grant award procedures
FINANCING MODALITY
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General Principles cont’d General Principles cont’d (What is Budget Support?)(What is Budget Support?)
PARTNER COUNTRY’S CENTRAL BANK
Foreign Exchange Reserve €
Treasury Account
Fiscal &Non Fiscal Revenues
EuropeanDevelopment
Fund €
Conditions forDisbursement:
(i) General Eligibility(ii)Tranche Specific
Budget ImplementationThrough
Public Financial ManagementSystem
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THE CSP CALENDARTHE CSP CALENDAR Start programming Start programming
02/0602/06 Draft Country Strategy PaperDraft Country Strategy Paper 10/0610/06 EC internal meetingsEC internal meetings 03/0703/07 EU meetingsEU meetings 04/0704/07 EC DecisionEC Decision 05/0705/07 Signing new CSP/NIPSigning new CSP/NIP 06/0706/07 Enter into force Enter into force 01/0801/08
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THE JAS CALENDARTHE JAS CALENDAR In the framework of the Paris Declaration In the framework of the Paris Declaration
on aid effectiveness EC-DFID-WB-DE-CIDA on aid effectiveness EC-DFID-WB-DE-CIDA agreed to elaborate a JAS by end of 11/06. agreed to elaborate a JAS by end of 11/06.
Other DPs will join the initiative at a later Other DPs will join the initiative at a later stage.stage.
Even if EC calendar is slightly different, EC Even if EC calendar is slightly different, EC will align its CSP to Joint Assistance will align its CSP to Joint Assistance Strategy (JAS).Strategy (JAS).
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COUNTRY STRATEGY PAPER COUNTRY STRATEGY PAPER TABLE OF CONTENTTABLE OF CONTENT
A country strategy analysis with a A country strategy analysis with a diagnosis of problems and an outline diagnosis of problems and an outline of the response strategy;of the response strategy;
A National Indicative Programme A National Indicative Programme (NIP) translating the response (NIP) translating the response strategy into operational terms . The strategy into operational terms . The NIP can be described as a work NIP can be described as a work programme for 6 years. programme for 6 years.
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COUNTRY DIAGNOSISCOUNTRY DIAGNOSIS This entails the analysis of the political, social, This entails the analysis of the political, social,
economic and environment situation in the economic and environment situation in the country;country;
Overview of past and present EC Cooperation Overview of past and present EC Cooperation complementarity and consistency: complementarity and consistency: Focal Sectors and macroeconomic support;Focal Sectors and macroeconomic support; Projects and programmes in Non Focal Sectors;Projects and programmes in Non Focal Sectors; Utilization of envelope B; Utilization of envelope B; Other financing instruments Other financing instruments Information on EU MS programmes and other donors;Information on EU MS programmes and other donors; Coherence with other EU/EC policies;Coherence with other EU/EC policies; State of play of Harmonization agenda.State of play of Harmonization agenda.
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DIAGNOSIS Cont’dDIAGNOSIS Cont’d
The country in the International ContextThe country in the International Context MigrationMigration Security IssuesSecurity Issues International/Regional agreementsInternational/Regional agreements
Development strategy of the countryDevelopment strategy of the country GPRSGPRS APRMAPRM
Viability and sustainability of policies and challenges Viability and sustainability of policies and challenges for the medium term.for the medium term.
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RESPONSE RESPONSE STRATEGYSTRATEGY
Based on the analysis made and keeping in mind:Based on the analysis made and keeping in mind: The overarching objective of achieving The overarching objective of achieving
equitable economic growth and equitable economic growth and accelerated poverty reduction in the accelerated poverty reduction in the context of sustained democracycontext of sustained democracy
The comparative advantages of EC, andThe comparative advantages of EC, and The concentration principle and the The concentration principle and the
need to mainstream cross-cutting issues need to mainstream cross-cutting issues in each of the focal areas. in each of the focal areas.
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NATIONAL INDICATIVE NATIONAL INDICATIVE PROGRAMME (NIP) PROGRAMME (NIP)
FOR 10FOR 10THTH EDF EDF CONCENTRATION OF EC ACTIVITIESCONCENTRATION OF EC ACTIVITIES On the Basis of the GPRS II, the APRM, the On the Basis of the GPRS II, the APRM, the
programming guidelines for 10programming guidelines for 10thth EDF the EC and EDF the EC and GOG have agreed on the following thematic areas:GOG have agreed on the following thematic areas: Transport Interconnectivity and Regional IntegrationTransport Interconnectivity and Regional Integration Governance ThemeGovernance Theme General Budget supportGeneral Budget support Non Focal sectors: (1) PSD/Trade/Regional Integration/EPA Non Focal sectors: (1) PSD/Trade/Regional Integration/EPA
(2) Migration and Security (3) Support Biodiversity (possibly)(2) Migration and Security (3) Support Biodiversity (possibly) To maximize synergy interventions will support To maximize synergy interventions will support
cross-cutting objectives: gender equality, cross-cutting objectives: gender equality, environment sustainability and the role of NSA. environment sustainability and the role of NSA.
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TRANSPORT INTERCONNECTIVITY AND TRANSPORT INTERCONNECTIVITY AND REGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL INTEGRATION
Focal area of intervention since 8Focal area of intervention since 8thth EDF has a EDF has a clear contribution to make in supporting GOG clear contribution to make in supporting GOG agriculture led growth and diversification of agriculture led growth and diversification of the Economy. It is essential to enhance the Economy. It is essential to enhance regional integration and interconnectivity.regional integration and interconnectivity.
Focus on maintenance of roads (trunk and Focus on maintenance of roads (trunk and feeder) and new interventions to be backed feeder) and new interventions to be backed by vigorous cost-benefit analysis. Support will by vigorous cost-benefit analysis. Support will be provided for studies of other transport be provided for studies of other transport infrastructure (railways and harbours). infrastructure (railways and harbours).
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GOVERNANCE THEMEGOVERNANCE THEME OBJECTIVE:OBJECTIVE: promoting peace and promoting peace and
stability in the body politic including, the stability in the body politic including, the promotion of effective accountable state promotion of effective accountable state machinery with capacity to engage the machinery with capacity to engage the private sector and civil society in policy private sector and civil society in policy formulation and implementation. This is in formulation and implementation. This is in line with the GPRS II and the APRM and EC line with the GPRS II and the APRM and EC support to governance will help consolidate support to governance will help consolidate economic gains.economic gains.
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GOVERNANCE-THEME GOVERNANCE-THEME cont’d cont’d
Strengthen the role of District Strengthen the role of District Assemblies and local institutions in the Assemblies and local institutions in the management, planning and monitoring management, planning and monitoring to improve implementation. to improve implementation.
Focus on community social infrastructure Focus on community social infrastructure (schools and hospitals) and feeder roads (schools and hospitals) and feeder roads through decentralized mechanisms.through decentralized mechanisms.
Aid modality: sector budget support in Aid modality: sector budget support in the context of a Sector Wide Approach.the context of a Sector Wide Approach.
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GOVERNANCE-THEME GOVERNANCE-THEME cont’d cont’d
Decentralization: Support to the Decentralization: Support to the implementation of the framework for implementation of the framework for decentralized delivery of local public decentralized delivery of local public services.services.
Enhance the participation of the private Enhance the participation of the private sector and civil society in policy formulation sector and civil society in policy formulation and implementation (GPRS II objective).and implementation (GPRS II objective).
Strengthen Parliamentary capacity and Strengthen Parliamentary capacity and oversight institutions.oversight institutions.
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GENERAL BUDGET GENERAL BUDGET SUPPORTSUPPORT
Participation in Multi Donor Budget Participation in Multi Donor Budget Support (MDBS) for Growth, Economic Support (MDBS) for Growth, Economic reforms and overall implementation of reforms and overall implementation of GPRS II.GPRS II.
General budget support will also support General budget support will also support trade and private sector development in trade and private sector development in the context of regional integration and the context of regional integration and implementation of the EPA.implementation of the EPA.
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General Budget SupportGeneral Budget Supportcont’dcont’d
Continue focussing on macro-Continue focussing on macro-economic support and improvement economic support and improvement of Public Finance Management.of Public Finance Management.
Improving the business climate / Improving the business climate / regulatory framework.regulatory framework.
Supporting regional integration and Supporting regional integration and trade including offsetting transitional trade including offsetting transitional cost of reforms and EPA.cost of reforms and EPA.
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NON FOCAL SECTORNON FOCAL SECTOR
Non State ActorsNon State Actors Private sector development, trade related Private sector development, trade related
T.A. and support to Economic Partnership T.A. and support to Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA)Agreement (EPA)
Migration and SecurityMigration and Security Support to Bio-diversity (possibly)Support to Bio-diversity (possibly) Support studies (TCF)Support studies (TCF)
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1010thth EDF, A-Envelope 282 million EDF, A-Envelope 282 million EurosEuros
Sector Sector IndicativeIndicative Allocation Allocation
Transport Transport Interconnectivity and Interconnectivity and Regional IntegrationRegional Integration
25-30 %25-30 %
Governance Governance (decentralization, water (decentralization, water social Infrastructure etc) social Infrastructure etc)
20-25 %20-25 %
General Budget SupportGeneral Budget Support 45-50 %45-50 %
Non-focal Non-focal (NSA,EPA/TRADE,TCF)(NSA,EPA/TRADE,TCF)
5-10 %5-10 %
Total NIP-A-EnvelopeTotal NIP-A-Envelope 100% (282 million euro)100% (282 million euro)
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OTHER RESOURCESOTHER RESOURCES
10th EDF incentive tranche for good 10th EDF incentive tranche for good governance (up to 25 % of base tranche)governance (up to 25 % of base tranche)
1010THTH EDF, B- envelope…….. million Euros for EDF, B- envelope…….. million Euros for unforeseen needsunforeseen needs
Investment Facility: for private sector and is Investment Facility: for private sector and is not part of the programmable NIP resources not part of the programmable NIP resources
EU Budget Lines (Human Rights, Forestry, EU Budget Lines (Human Rights, Forestry, etc.)etc.)
Water Facility, Energy FacilityWater Facility, Energy Facility EIB-EC Trust Fund for InfrastructureEIB-EC Trust Fund for Infrastructure
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FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR NON STATE ACTORSNON STATE ACTORS
EDF: 4 windows of opportunities for EDF: 4 windows of opportunities for Non-State Actors to obtain resources: Non-State Actors to obtain resources: Capacity buildingCapacity building Micro projects through decentralized Micro projects through decentralized
Cooperation Cooperation Standard EDF development projects Standard EDF development projects
(non focal sector)(non focal sector) ACP-EU Water Facility & Energy ACP-EU Water Facility & Energy
FacilityFacility
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FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR NON STATE ACTORSNON STATE ACTORS
THEMATIC EU-BUDGET LINES:THEMATIC EU-BUDGET LINES: Funded from the overall EU budgetFunded from the overall EU budget Managed autonomously by the ECManaged autonomously by the EC Intended to finance projects on a Intended to finance projects on a
wide range of priority issueswide range of priority issues Made available through calls for Made available through calls for
proposalsproposals
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FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR NON STATE ACTORSNON STATE ACTORS
From 2007, there will be 6 new Thematic From 2007, there will be 6 new Thematic Programmes (financed from EU budget):Programmes (financed from EU budget): Democracy and Human RightsDemocracy and Human Rights Investing in PeopleInvesting in People Sustainable management of natural Sustainable management of natural
resourcesresources MigrationMigration Food securityFood security Non State Actors and Local Authorities in Non State Actors and Local Authorities in
DevelopmentDevelopment
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FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR NON STATE ACTORSNON STATE ACTORS
Consultation Consultation with NSA in Ghana on with NSA in Ghana on thematic programme ‘Non-state thematic programme ‘Non-state actors and Local authorities’actors and Local authorities’
For further information on new For further information on new Thematic Programmes:Thematic Programmes:
http://ec.europa.eu/comm/development/body/csp_rsp/programming_thematic_programmes.cfm