Chapter 1, Sections 3 & 4

Chapter 2 Section 1

Essential Vocabulary 1Chapt 1 Sect 3

1.Feudalism2.Manors3.Middle Ages4.Magna Carta/Great

Charter5.King John6.Renaissance

Essential Vocabulary 2Chapt 1 Sect 4

1.Islam2.Crusades3.Silk Road4.Kublai Khan5.Zeng He6.Mansa Musa

Essential Vocabulary 3 Chapt 2 Sect 1

1.Johannes Guttenberg2.Commercial Revolution3.Bubonic Plague/Black Death4.Joint Stock Company5.Prince Henry the Navigator6.Caravel7.Bartolomeu Dias8. Astrolabe9. Monopoly

Chapt 1, Section 3Europe Prior to New World ExplorationVIKINGS

About 1000, Leif Eriksson was the first European sailor to reach North America

As a result of Indian wars, he returned to Scandinavia

400 years go by before Columbus

Middle AgesMiddle Ages (also known as the Dark Ages)A period of struggle for Europe from 500 A.D. to 1500 Feudalism emerged as the way of life during this time

Feudalism: political system in Middle Ages Europe in which the vassal owed his king protection (an army) and the king paid the vassal land in return for his army

A few lords rose to power and during this time vassals worked as soldiers and laborers for the lords to receive land

The Catholic Church During the Middle Ages money and power were located in the Catholic ChurchPope led the ChurchMost of Europe was Catholic prior to the Protestant Reformation

•Popes were patrons of the arts- they paid for works of art

Rise of NationsEngland begins to

promote Self GovernmentEnglish nobles rebelled against their King JohnKing John was forced to sign the MAGNA CARTA- a document limiting the king’s powerMagna Carter also known as the Great CharterOne of first documents to protect rights of people (only nobles)

Meanwhile in the Middle East

Muhammad was a prophet who began the religion of IslamIslam spread throughout the Middle EastMuslim grew wealthy from trade along the Silk Road• Trade route across

Asia connecting the Middle East to China• Moved luxury

goods like silk, paper, porcelain, horses and spices across Asia

Crusades- conflicts between Catholics and Muslims in the Holy Land (Jerusalem)

European knights traveled from Italian city states to Jerusalem to fight Islamic EmpiresWanted to retake Jerusalem for ChristiansResults

Europeans brought back products and lost learning

Italian City States became rich from increased trade

What did Europeans do with the learning & money? Renaissance

Renaissance- rebirth of arts and learning of ancient Greece and RomeBegan in Italian city states like Florence, Rome & VeniceLed to developments in science

Agricultural advancements: crop rotation, use of fertilizers, water mills and windmills

More food meant rise in population

Chapter 2While Renaissance was happening a few other

things were going on in EuropeReview: Define Renaissance:

1) Black Death (Also known as Bubonic Plague) was brought by rats on boats from Middle East to

Italian city states Rats carried the plague which killed up to 1/3 of some

European cities

Results of plague? 30 Million Europeans dead Labor shortage

What else was going on in Europe during the Renaissance?

2) Commercial Revolution -Change in the way Europeans did business- trying to make more of a profit-(capital)

Rise of importance of Italian City States & Growth of wealthy class of people Example: Medici Family in Florence

Created Joint Stock Companies- businesses in which a group of wealthy people get together and pool their money. If the business is a success, they all make money. If it is a failure, they only lose the money invested

Review: It was the Renaissance-what did the wealthy patron families use their money to buy?

What else was happening during the Renaissance?

3) Printing Press invented by Johannes GuttenbergA. easier and less expensive to print booksB. increased literacy across EuropeC. spread learning across Europe

4) Protestant Reformation- Martin Luther broke from Catholic Church causing Catholic Church to want people to return to Catholicism

What else was happening during the Renaissance?

5) Technological Advancements especially in Navigation

a) Tools brought from Asia along silk road

Astrolabe- allowed sailors to figure out their location by charting position of starsCompass- chart direction they were sailing

b) Caravel- small, easily maneuverable ship good for shallow coastal waters

c) Navigation Schools- created by Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal

Sent out Bartolomeu Dias find a route to India to break the Muslim’s monopoly on trade

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