1. first revolu7on in observa7onal astronomy? 2. who is ...jorge/aga5802/2018_01_introducao.pdf ·...
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Galileo(15Feb1564–8Jan1642)
TheTelescopeRevolu-on
• In1609Galileostartedthe
telescopeera
(upto30xmagnif.)2
Galileo observed sunspots ~ at the end of 1610: rotação solar (also observed by Thomas Harriot)
SunspotsobservedbyGalileo1612-1613
6
The solar lithium problem
Convective
zone (Ri - Rʘ)
R0: Li burning zone (T=2.6x106 K)
Rad
ius
(103
km)
700 600 500 400
0 1 2 3 4 5
The Li burning zone is 40 000 km below the lower edge of the convective zone. Figure taken from Rüdiger & Pipin (2001)
Age (Gyr) 2.4x10
6K:
7
3Li+
1
1H→2
4
2He)
LithiumintheSunandsolartwins
ThelowLi
abundance
observedinthe
Sun(andsolar
twins)canbe
explainingbynon-
standardstellar
evolu7onmodels
7Carlosetal.2016A&A587,A100
Connec7onbetweenstellaragesandNLTE
lithiumabundancesforourcurrentsample
(circles)andsomepreviousresults(triangles)
referencedinthetext.Tealbluecircles
indicatealpha-enhancedstarsandredsymbols
refertostarshos7ngplanets.ThemodelsofLi
de-ple7onwerenormalizedtothesolarLi
abundance.Insomecases,thelithium
abundanceerrorsaresmallerthanthepoints.
WilliamHerschel’slargesttelescope
• 40foot(diameter49.5
inches:126cm)
• Built1785-1789• LargesttelescopeonEarthfor50years
• DiscoveryofEnceladusandMimas(6th&7
th
moonsofSaturn)
12
14Rev.USPno.89SãoPaulomaio2011
Evenintheeraof
Gemini&SOAR,the
numberof
publica7onsof
BrazilianAstronomy
havedecelerated
Weneedamore
diverse
instrumenta7onto
aeendthedemands
ofBrazilian
astronomers
SOAR
GeminiN
Gem
iniS
200
100
20102000
1990
19801970ANO
NUMER
ODEAR
TIGO
S
15
• EEUU• UK• Australia?• Canada• Argen7na• Brazil• Korea?
TurmadeAstrogsicaObservacionalnoGeminiSul,Abril2012
Gemini:2x8m
SOAR:4m
16
TurmadeAstrogsicaObservacional
noSOAR,Abril2012
• NOAO• UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill
• MichiganStateUniversity
• Brasil
18AstrogsicaObservacionalstudentsatLa
Silla(ESO),Abril2012
ESOParanal:4x8-meter&
4x4-metertelescope
LaSIlla:2x3,6-meter
telescopes
ALMA:66telescopesof12and7meters
BrazilandESO
• AgreementsignedbetweenBraziland
ESO,December2010
• ApprovedbyBraziliancongress,May
2015
• SignedbyBrazilianPresident????
19