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Governance, Transparency and Development :

Incentives an Strategies for Transparency and Accountability

János BertókInnovation and Integrity Division

OECD, Paris

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Public Sector Integrity:why so critical today?

Integrity has become a key factor in the quality of governmentIntegrity has become a key factor in the quality of government Corruption: result of systemic failure Corruption: result of systemic failure Impacts on competitiveness -- distorts competition, risk-factor for Impacts on competitiveness -- distorts competition, risk-factor for

economyeconomy Corruption scandals lead to the loss of public confidenceCorruption scandals lead to the loss of public confidencePublic sector managers face a rapidly changing environmentPublic sector managers face a rapidly changing environment Decentralisation, devolved management with more discretionary Decentralisation, devolved management with more discretionary

powerpower Increased commercialisation creates new public private sector Increased commercialisation creates new public private sector

interfaceinterfaceIncreased public expectationIncreased public expectation Changing relationship between public servants and citizensChanging relationship between public servants and citizensGlobalisationGlobalisation and contact with other ethical and cultural norms and contact with other ethical and cultural norms --

changing societal norms

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ETHICS INFRASTRUCTUREETHICS INFRASTRUCTURE

Public Involvement & Scrutiny

Codes of ConductProfessiona l Soc ialisation

Public Service Conditions

GuidanceGuidance

ManagementManagement

Legislative Framework Accountability & Control

ControlControl

Co-ordinating Body

Political Leadership

Commitment

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Ensuring Integrity in Daily Management

Context dependence: taking into account the political, Context dependence: taking into account the political, legal and administrative institutions and culture legal and administrative institutions and culture Not only doing the things right but also DOING THE RIGHT THINGS

Increase efficiency and effectiveness, e.g. using new Increase efficiency and effectiveness, e.g. using new ICTsICTs Defining clear mission, updating values and standard Defining clear mission, updating values and standard to reflect expectationsto reflect expectations

Creating a working environment that ensures Transparency and reinforces integrity

In recruitment and promotionIn recruitment and promotion In administrative procedures In administrative procedures Preventing conflicts of interestPreventing conflicts of interest

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Tool No. 8: Gifts checklist

Genuine Is this gift genuine, in appreciation for something I have done in my role as a public official, and not sought or encouraged by me? Independent If I accepted this gift, would a reasonable person have any doubt that I would be independent in doing my job in the future, when the person responsible for this gift is involved or affected? Free If I accepted this gift, would I feel free of any obligation to do something in return for the person responsible for the gift , or for his/her family or friends/associates?Transparent Am I prepared to declare this gift and its source, transparently, to my organisation and its clients, to my professional colleagues, and to the media and the public generally?

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Public Administration:rules/processcontrolinputshierarchy

Managerialism: goals /results accountabil ity outputsautonomy/discretion

Integrity-basedEthics Regime:

integr ityaspiration (“high road”)

unenforceable

Compliance-basedEthics Regime:

rulesdiscipline (“low road”)

enforceable

MexicoUnited States

New Zealand

Portugal

Australia

Norway

The Netherlands

United Kingdom Finland

OVERALL AND ETHICS MANAGEMENTOVERALL AND ETHICS MANAGEMENT

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Lessons

Maintaining trust requires permanent effortsMaintaining trust requires permanent effortsUpdating standards, values, modernising Updating standards, values, modernising

supportive frameworkssupportive frameworksPeriodical assessment and fine-tuningPeriodical assessment and fine-tuning

Put emphasis on both preparation and Put emphasis on both preparation and implementationimplementation Visible success of passing laws Visible success of passing laws Changing the culture needs efforts of all Changing the culture needs efforts of all

stakeholders and more timestakeholders and more time

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Creating conditions for success Developing ownership of reform-measuresDeveloping ownership of reform-measures Integrity measures are not only technical or Integrity measures are not only technical or

administrative in natureadministrative in nature -- i -- it is also a social process t is also a social process that needsthat needs• Consultation with stakeholdersConsultation with stakeholders• Communication through mediaCommunication through media• Involvement of civil servants to motivate themInvolvement of civil servants to motivate them

Integrating integrity measures into overall Integrating integrity measures into overall managementmanagement

Shifting emphasis from enforcement to prevention Shifting emphasis from enforcement to prevention