1 heraldry-coats of arms in coinage by xavier pique
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Heraldry-Coats of Arms in Coinage
By Xavier Pique
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• What is Heraldry- Background
• Where and when did Heraldry arise?
• Blazoning- Design The Coat of Arms
• Coats of arms in coinage 1200-Present
Introduction
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• Heraldry- A system for controlling the markings applied to armory and shields
• Provide easy, unique identification
• Useful in battle
• Assigned to Noble (King, Duke, Count)
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From the ninth to the early eleventh centuries(AD 800-1000), Western Europe suffered invasions
•Magyars from the east, •Muslims from the south, and •Vikings from the north
•Unrest ultimately spurred greater unity in England, Germany and Europe
•Lots of Warfare- Crusades (Starting 1095)
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• Heraldry arose, almost spontaneously throughout Europe
• In a short space of time between 1130-1160
• Coinciding with the development of more sophisticated armor
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• Landowners hired Knights to defend territory or make war in exchange for estates
• Heraldic markings adopted when the face became invisible behind closed helmets
• Many “Titled” landowner types existed:
Kingdom, County, Barony, Principality, Duchy, Bishopric, Imperial Free City, Papal State, Territory,
Commonwealth, Crown Colony, Palatinate, Landgrave, Margrave
• Each entity had a coat of Arms- Many issued Coinage
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Hedingham Castle- England Built 1140 AD
12 CENTURY SETTING
• No Electricity
•No Running Water
• Black Plague (1340)
• No Firearms (1420)
• No Printed Books (1436)
•Battles Waged on
foot or on horse
• Swords
• Bow and Arrow
• Spears
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ORIGINS OF HERALDRY- THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY 1066
Chronicles the Norman conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066. No Formal Coat of Arms
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Origins of Heraldry
The Enamel Plaque of Geoffroy Plantagenêt
Compte d'Anjou and du Maine (1113-51) and father of Henry II, king of England
•Markings on Shield
•Not Formal Coat of Arms
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Tomar, Portugal –Convento de Cristo
Tomb of Knight Templar circa 1160
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Codex ManesseLate 13th Century-Knights in Joust
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The Full Coat of Arms- Elements
Charge
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Blazoning- Designing and Describing a Shield
Per Fess Or and Sable, a Lion Rampant Gules
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History in Coat of Arms- SpainCastile
Leon
Aragon
Navarre
Granada
Bourbon
SupportersPillars&
Motto
Royal Crown
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Partitions and Colors of Shield
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17Heralds- Officials in charge of controlling Coats of Arms-
Royal College of Arms- England- Est. 1484 by King Richard III
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The Earliest Coin displaying Coat of Arms
France- Louis IX The Saint 1226-1270 Gold (Ecu D’Or) 1260’s- RareSource: Barrie Cook, Numis. Curator, British Museum
http://gallica.bnf.fr/anthologie/page.asp?T2-2-8-MMA.htm
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Sicily- Federico II 1296-1337- Son of Peter III
Coat of Arms of House of Aragon (Peter III “The Great”)- Ruled Sicily (1276-1285)
Earliest Coins displaying Coats of Arms: 1250-1300
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T-17 Austria, Frederick the Handsome, 1308-1330, AR Pfennig Arms of Austria
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Schönvorst-Sichem 1391 Turnose groschen
Argent, Nine Roundels Gules
Arms of Reinier van Schoonvorst II - Belgium
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King Juan II of Castile, 1406-1454 AD, Dobla de la Banda, Seville Mint
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Aachen (Germany)
Turnose-groschen 1411
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Jean sans Peur (John the Fearless- Duke of Burgundy) (1404-1419)
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Bingen 1437 Goldgulden
Bingen am Rhein- Tower and City Arms
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Bacharach 1443 Groschen
The arms of the Palatinate (Province of HRE)
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GERMANY, Palatinate, Philipp, 1449-1508, dated Goldgulden 1493. The arms of the Palatinate, Mayence (Mainz), Trier and Cologne in a border
Mainz
Cologne
Trier
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28Saxony 1469- Homgroschen
Shield and Full Arms of Saxony
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Prince electors of the Holy Roman Empire- 13th Century Archbishop of Cologne, Archbishop of Mainz, Archbishop of Trier, Count Palatine, Duke of Saxony, Margrave of Brandenburg and King of Bohemia)
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30Duchy of Brabant 1476 (Belgium) Double Briquet
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Prince Bishopric of Liege ( Belgium) 1478
Double Patard-
Fleur de Lis with Bend
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Brabant 1488 Double Patard Belgium.
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33Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1467-77)
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Guldiner-
Sigismund Archduke of Austria/Tyrol (Shields of his domains) 1486
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Holy Roman Empire (minted at Dordrecht, Holland Gold Real (Grand Real d'Or) 1487
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Pomerania, Garz (Poland on the Baltic Sea) Schilling 1489
Argent, a griffin rampant or
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Wesel , Germany (Julich-Cleve-Berg) 1490 Groschen Coats of Arms- Duchy of Cleves;1600 Map detail- Julichwww.medievalcoinage.com
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SPAIN Castille & Leon Ferdinand & IsabellaSponsors of Christopher Columbus
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Henry Vlll Groat (1509-47) EnglandOrder of the Garter
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ALTDEUTSCHLAND Augsburg Germany. Batzen 1522.
Town arms- Swiss Pine Cone and column Pillar
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Edward VI of England (1547-53)House of TudorFine Silver- Shilling
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Phillip II Cob 4 Reales
1556-1598 Granada Mint
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431599 France 1/4 Ecu Henry IV 28 mm silver
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James 1 (House of Stuart England 1603-25)
Shilling, third coinage 1603
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1677 Salsburg, Austria Silver 1/6 Thaler – Archbishop Max Gandolph von Kuenburg, 1668-1687Ecclesiastical state of the Holy Roman Empire. St Rupert/Arms
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William and Mary England (1689-94)
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Spain -1714 PhilipV
8 Escudos Gold
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Spain- 1760 Charles III Pillar 8 Reales
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Switzerland-Bern, 1796, AR 1/2 Thaler
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1816 Danish West Indies (now US Virgin Islands ) X Skilling Denmark Coat of Arms
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Aargau, Switzerland- 1831
2-1/2 rappen
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United States- 1865
Double Eagle – Resembles coat of arms
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Chile 1872
One peso
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54Australia- 1912 Threepence (1908 Coat of Arms)
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German Notgeld (Emergency Money) -Lugde 2 Marks 1921
http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise/banknotes/notgeld/Germany/Notgeldgng761_f.jpg
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Coat of Arms- Croatia/ 2 Kune 1941
Checquy argent and gules
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Denmark- 1967 1 Krone error coin
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1970- 4 Dollars St. Lucia
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Recap- Coats of Arms• Developed for Identification of Knights in
12th Century
• Evolved into Identification and Symbol of Nobility
• Adopted by Nations, States and Cities
• Still in use- powerful symbols full of meaning
• Over 8,000 Coins with Coats or Arms issued 1700-1998 - Most Common Symbol
Aldermaston, Berkshire England
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THE END
Bisham Abbey, Berkshire, England
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http://www.carantha.net/our_castles_part_i.htm
REFERENCES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kLNmOu6BtI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armorial_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire
http://www.ngw.nl/http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/roygenea.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Spain
http://www.heraldica.org/topics/national/germany.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor
http://home.eckerd.edu/~oberhot/ej1shbg.jpg
Heraldic Coats of Arms on Coins of the World, 1700–1998:Charler R. Hosch
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wordman/sets/1538048/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Spain#Catholic_Monarchs