1 h&h modeling. uc 2006 tech session2 how “things” build up database developmentdatabase...

UC 2006 Tech SessionUC 2006 Tech Session11

H&H ModelingH&H Modeling


How “Things” Build UpHow “Things” Build Up

• Database developmentDatabase development• Data preparationData preparation• Terrain preparationTerrain preparation• ““Watershed” delineationWatershed” delineation• ““Watershed” characterizationWatershed” characterization

• ParameterizationParameterization

• Model pre and post-processingModel pre and post-processing

Generic

Semi-Generic

Model Specific


Topics OverviewTopics Overview

• Stream statisticsStream statistics• Hydrologic modeling (HEC-HMS, GeoHMS)Hydrologic modeling (HEC-HMS, GeoHMS)• Hydraulic modeling (HEC-RAS, GeoRAS)Hydraulic modeling (HEC-RAS, GeoRAS)• H&H integration considerationsH&H integration considerations


HydrologyHydrologyStream StatisticsStream Statistics


Regression EquationsRegression Equations

• Used to estimate streamflow statistics, both high and low Used to estimate streamflow statistics, both high and low flows, for ungaged sites (in uncontrolled flow flows, for ungaged sites (in uncontrolled flow environment)environment)

• Relate streamflow statistics to measured basin Relate streamflow statistics to measured basin characteristicscharacteristics

• Developed by all 48 USGS Districts on a State-by-State Developed by all 48 USGS Districts on a State-by-State basis through the cooperative program (usually basis through the cooperative program (usually sponsored by DOT)sponsored by DOT)

• Often not used because of large efforts needed to Often not used because of large efforts needed to determine basin characteristicsdetermine basin characteristics

• Users often measure basin characteristics inaccuratelyUsers often measure basin characteristics inaccurately


Example Regression EquationExample Regression Equation

• Regression equations take the form:Regression equations take the form:

QQ100100 = 0.471A = 0.471A0.7150.715EE0.8270.827SHSH0.4720.472

• where:where:

AA is drainage area, in square is drainage area, in square

milesmiles

EE is mean basin elevation, in feetis mean basin elevation, in feet

SHSH is a shape factor, dimensionlessis a shape factor, dimensionless


Basin Characteristics Used for Peak FlowsBasin Characteristics Used for Peak Flows

Basin characteristic# of States using

this (including PR)Drainage area or contributing drainage area (square miles) 51

Main-channel slope (feet per mile) 27

Mean annual precipitation (inches) 19

Surface water storage (Lakes, ponds, swamps) 16

Rainfall amount for a given duration (inches) 14

Elevation of watershed 13

Forest cover (percent) 8

Channel length (miles) 6

Minimum mean January temperature (degrees F) 4

Basin shape ((length)2 per drainage area) 4

Soils characteristics 3

Mean basin slope (feet per foot or feet per mile) 2

Mean annual snowfall (inches) 2

Area of stratified drift (percent) 1

Runoff coefficient 1

Drainage frequency (number of first order streams per sq. mi.) 1

Mean annual runoff (inches) 1

Normal daily May-March temp (degrees F) 1

Impervious Cover (percent) 1

Annual PET (inches) 1 … and many others


Manually Determining Basin CharacteristicsManually Determining Basin Characteristics

• A 10-square mile basin takes an hour to a few days, A 10-square mile basin takes an hour to a few days, depending on characteristics measured and source depending on characteristics measured and source materialmaterial

• The required time increases exponentially with increasing The required time increases exponentially with increasing watershed area because of the increasing dendritic watershed area because of the increasing dendritic patterns and logistical problems when matching between patterns and logistical problems when matching between map sheetsmap sheets

• The manual process is not completely repeatableThe manual process is not completely repeatable• The error introduced by determining basin characteristics The error introduced by determining basin characteristics

probably is as large as the uncertainty in the regression probably is as large as the uncertainty in the regression models models


Role of GISRole of GIS


Role of GISRole of GIS

• Speedup the process (instead of hours – minutes)Speedup the process (instead of hours – minutes)• Provide a common (single) access to the methodology Provide a common (single) access to the methodology

(for users and maintenance)(for users and maintenance)• Systematize methodology and datasets used in the Systematize methodology and datasets used in the

process (repeatability)process (repeatability)• Provide better tools for deriving characteristics for Provide better tools for deriving characteristics for

regression equation determinationregression equation determination• Map-based user interfaceMap-based user interface• WEB and desktop implementation based on Arc HydroWEB and desktop implementation based on Arc Hydro


Arc Hydro Tools RoleArc Hydro Tools Role

• StreamStats fully implemented within Arc Hydro StreamStats fully implemented within Arc Hydro environmentenvironment– Terrain preprocessingTerrain preprocessing– Local and global watershed delineationLocal and global watershed delineation– Extracting local characteristicsExtracting local characteristics– Assembly of global characteristicsAssembly of global characteristics

• Characteristics developed for StreamStats are available Characteristics developed for StreamStats are available to wider audience (e.g. hydrologic modeling support)to wider audience (e.g. hydrologic modeling support)

• Desktop and web implementationsDesktop and web implementations


WEB vs. Desktop ImplementationWEB vs. Desktop Implementation

• Tradeoffs in each implementationTradeoffs in each implementation– WEBWEB

• Centralized location for data and softwareCentralized location for data and software• End users do not need local software or dataEnd users do not need local software or data• Easy maintenance of the application and data but changes have global Easy maintenance of the application and data but changes have global

scopescope• Complex hardware and software requirementsComplex hardware and software requirements• Difficult customizationDifficult customization

– DesktopDesktop• Easy local updates to the data (latest and greatest for local area)Easy local updates to the data (latest and greatest for local area)• Easy modification (GIS & equations)Easy modification (GIS & equations)• Simpler hardware and software requirementsSimpler hardware and software requirements• Can be local (i.e. only local data)Can be local (i.e. only local data)• Integrated with other applicationsIntegrated with other applications


Web ImplementationWeb Implementation


Main Site (ID)Main Site (ID)


Main Site - navigationMain Site - navigation

Need to zoom in before watershed delineation tool

becomes active:

see the stream to snap on


Watershed Delineation - WEBWatershed Delineation - WEB


Results - WEBResults - WEB

• Watershed delineationWatershed delineation– 20-30 seconds, not much 20-30 seconds, not much

difference with respect to size difference with respect to size of the watershedof the watershed

• Parameter computationsParameter computations– 10s – 1 minute, depends on 10s – 1 minute, depends on

the region (what parameters the region (what parameters to get) and somewhat on the to get) and somewhat on the sizesize

• Careful with concurrent Careful with concurrent user demanduser demand– wait and wait and …wait and wait and …


StreamStats Implementation Activities StreamStats Implementation Activities (8/2006)(8/2006)

Source: http://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/ssonline.html


Interested in StreamStats for your state?Interested in StreamStats for your state?

• Contact the USGS Water Resources District Chief for Contact the USGS Water Resources District Chief for your state:your state:http://water.usgs.gov/district_chief.htmlhttp://water.usgs.gov/district_chief.html

• Also, contact the StreamStats Team: Also, contact the StreamStats Team: [email protected][email protected]

• For more information, seeFor more information, seehttp://streamstats.usgs.gov/http://streamstats.usgs.gov/

• For downloads, see For downloads, see http://water.usgs.gov/software/nff.htmlhttp://water.usgs.gov/software/nff.html

Source: Al Rea, USGS

http://water.usgs.gov/district_chief.html

mailto:[email protected]

http://streamstats.usgs.gov/

http://water.usgs.gov/software/nff.html


Desktop ImplementationDesktop Implementation


Interactive Calculator - DesktopInteractive Calculator - Desktop

• Excel implementation – full flexibilityExcel implementation – full flexibility


HEC-HMS BackgroundHEC-HMS Background


About HEC-HMSAbout HEC-HMS

• HEC-HMS, NexGen successor HEC-HMS, NexGen successor to HEC-1to HEC-1– Precipitation-runoff modelPrecipitation-runoff model– Lumped-link model (basin-Lumped-link model (basin-

reaches)reaches)– Some pseudo-distributed Some pseudo-distributed

processes (ModClark)processes (ModClark)

• Current release – version 3.0.1 Current release – version 3.0.1 (recent major change)(recent major change)

Simplified HMS Watershed Runoff Representation


HMS ComponentsHMS Components

• Basin modelBasin model– Watershed physical Watershed physical

descriptiondescription

• Meteorologic modelMeteorologic model– PrecipitationPrecipitation– EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration– SnowmeltSnowmelt

• Control specificationsControl specifications– Time control during Time control during

simulationsimulation


Hydrologic ElementsHydrologic Elements

• Subbasin: watershed Subbasin: watershed catchmentscatchments

• Reach: rivers and streamsReach: rivers and streams• Reservoir: dams and lakesReservoir: dams and lakes• Junction: confluenceJunction: confluence• Diversion: bifurcations and Diversion: bifurcations and

withdrawalswithdrawals• Source: springs and other Source: springs and other

model sinksmodel sinks• Sink: outlets and terminal Sink: outlets and terminal

lakeslakes


Basin ModelBasin Model

• Many input Many input formsforms

Loss rate editor

Transform editor

Baseflow method editor


Mathematical Model ChoicesMathematical Model Choices

• Many characteristics needed to compute model Many characteristics needed to compute model parameters are spatially basedparameters are spatially based– AreaArea– Lengths/slopesLengths/slopes– Average properties over an area (e.g. CN)Average properties over an area (e.g. CN)– PrecipitationPrecipitation– ……


HMS Meteorologic ModelHMS Meteorologic Model

• Grid-based precipitationGrid-based precipitation• Specify DSS pathname partsSpecify DSS pathname parts


HMS Control Specifications ModelHMS Control Specifications Model

• Time windowTime window• Time related specificationsTime related specifications


HMS ModelHMS Model


Calibration ResultsCalibration Results


HMS ResultsHMS Results

• Hydrographs at points of interest (DSS)Hydrographs at points of interest (DSS)


HEC-GeoHMS OverviewHEC-GeoHMS Overview


About GeoHMSAbout GeoHMS

• HEC-GeoHMS – companion product to HMSHEC-GeoHMS – companion product to HMS– ArcGIS version (ESRI for HEC under CRADA)ArcGIS version (ESRI for HEC under CRADA)– I/O support through HMS (ASCII, XML)I/O support through HMS (ASCII, XML)– Beta expected in AprilBeta expected in April

• HistoryHistory– HEC-PrePro (UT, 1997), CRWR-PrePro, PrePro 2003, …HEC-PrePro (UT, 1997), CRWR-PrePro, PrePro 2003, …– Watershed Delineator (ESRI, 1997)Watershed Delineator (ESRI, 1997)– ArcView 3.* versions (ESRI for HEC, 2001-04)ArcView 3.* versions (ESRI for HEC, 2001-04)

• Development philosophyDevelopment philosophy– Build on top of Arc Hydro toolsBuild on top of Arc Hydro tools– Automate GIS feasible functionalityAutomate GIS feasible functionality


GeoHMS FunctionalityGeoHMS Functionality

• HEC-GeoHMSHEC-GeoHMS– DEM preprocessing – “parent” definition (main view)DEM preprocessing – “parent” definition (main view)– Watershed delineation – on “baby” models (project view)Watershed delineation – on “baby” models (project view)– Topographic characteristics extractionTopographic characteristics extraction– Hydrologic parameter computationsHydrologic parameter computations– Model schematizationModel schematization– Model input preparation (ASCII – XML, SDF)Model input preparation (ASCII – XML, SDF)

• Other GIS processingOther GIS processing– Rainfall distribution/interpolationRainfall distribution/interpolation– LU/soils runoff coefficient mappingLU/soils runoff coefficient mapping


GeoHMS FunctionalityGeoHMS Functionality (cont.) (cont.)

• HEC-GeoHMS and Arc Hydro tools are tightly linkedHEC-GeoHMS and Arc Hydro tools are tightly linked– GeoHMS computes as many Arc Hydro attributes as possible (e.g. GeoHMS computes as many Arc Hydro attributes as possible (e.g.

NextDownID, JunctionID, DrainID)NextDownID, JunctionID, DrainID)– DEM preprocessing (main view) is done using Arc Hydro toolsDEM preprocessing (main view) is done using Arc Hydro tools– Topographic characteristics extraction is based on Arc Hydro toolsTopographic characteristics extraction is based on Arc Hydro tools– Arc Hydro tools operate on both main and project viewsArc Hydro tools operate on both main and project views

• Option to change stream definition threshold when Option to change stream definition threshold when extracting the project view (one threshold for the main extracting the project view (one threshold for the main view and different thresholds for different project views)view and different thresholds for different project views)


DEM Preprocessing (parent definition)DEM Preprocessing (parent definition)

• Hydrologically correct DEMHydrologically correct DEM• Flow direction (D8 method)Flow direction (D8 method)• Flow accumulationFlow accumulation• Stream definition and segmentationStream definition and segmentation• Watershed pre-delineationWatershed pre-delineation• Project (“baby”) data extractionProject (“baby”) data extraction


DEM Preprocessing (cont.)DEM Preprocessing (cont.)

• Stream definition and Stream definition and segmentationsegmentation– Threshold (performance)Threshold (performance)

• Watershed pre-Watershed pre-delineationdelineation– At stream confluencesAt stream confluences


DEM Preprocessing (cont.)DEM Preprocessing (cont.)

• Project (“baby”) data Project (“baby”) data extractionextraction– Extract specific area of Extract specific area of

interest by defining the interest by defining the outlet and inletsoutlet and inlets


Watershed DelineationWatershed Delineation

• Flexible addition and removal of basin outletsFlexible addition and removal of basin outlets– Merge existing basinsMerge existing basins– Split basin anywhere on the streamSplit basin anywhere on the stream– Add an outlet anywhere (trace the outlet stream to an existing Add an outlet anywhere (trace the outlet stream to an existing

stream)stream)– ProfileProfile

• Interactive or batch processingInteractive or batch processing• Understanding of basin characterUnderstanding of basin character


Watershed Delineation (cont.)Watershed Delineation (cont.)


Topographic Characteristic ExtractionTopographic Characteristic Extraction

• Well defined topographic descriptorsWell defined topographic descriptors– Longest flowpath, basin centroid, stream slope, centroidal length, Longest flowpath, basin centroid, stream slope, centroidal length,

CN, etc. (others planned)CN, etc. (others planned)


Hydrologic (Model) Parameter ExtractionHydrologic (Model) Parameter Extraction

• Loss rate method (SCS CN)Loss rate method (SCS CN)– Basin CNBasin CN

• Direct runoff method (SCS UH)Direct runoff method (SCS UH)– Basin lag (TR55, SCS CN)Basin lag (TR55, SCS CN)

• Reach routingReach routing– Muskingum-Cunge standard channel parametersMuskingum-Cunge standard channel parameters

• PrecipitationPrecipitation– Weighted gage (standard SCS type II, 24 hour, 100 year design Weighted gage (standard SCS type II, 24 hour, 100 year design

distribution)distribution)– Nexrad/DSSNexrad/DSS


Model SchematizationModel Schematization

• Upstream/downstream connectivityUpstream/downstream connectivity• Development of lumped-link schemaDevelopment of lumped-link schema


Model Input PreparationModel Input Preparation

• Native HMS ASCII input files (hms, basin, geometry, met, Native HMS ASCII input files (hms, basin, geometry, met, dss, gage, control)dss, gage, control)


SelectedSelectedHEC-GeoHMS DetailsHEC-GeoHMS Details


HMS Project SetupHMS Project Setup

• Define outlet and sourcesDefine outlet and sources• Extract applicable GIS data for ProjViewExtract applicable GIS data for ProjView


GeoHMS: Project ViewGeoHMS: Project View


Basin and Reach ManipulationBasin and Reach Manipulation


Basin MergeBasin Merge

• Rules Rules – The subbasins must share a confluence ORThe subbasins must share a confluence OR– The subbasins must be adjacent in an upstream and downstream The subbasins must be adjacent in an upstream and downstream

mannermanner– More than 2 subbasins are permitted.More than 2 subbasins are permitted.


• Select the two subbasins using the selection tool or any other selection methodSelect the two subbasins using the selection tool or any other selection methodBasin MergeBasin Merge


Basin Merge


Basin SubdivisionBasin Subdivision

• Method 1 - Subdivide an existing subbasinMethod 1 - Subdivide an existing subbasin• Method 2 - Delineate a new subbasin Method 2 - Delineate a new subbasin • Method 3 - Delineate on a tributary branch where the Method 3 - Delineate on a tributary branch where the

stream does not exist stream does not exist


Basin Subdivision - Method 1Basin Subdivision - Method 1

• Method 1 - An existing Method 1 - An existing basin can be subdivided basin can be subdivided into two basins at an into two basins at an existing stream.existing stream.


River ProfileRiver Profile

• Subdivide at grade break Subdivide at grade break – click on the desired point on the profile, and that point is transferred click on the desired point on the profile, and that point is transferred

onto the map and the basin is subdivided at that pointonto the map and the basin is subdivided at that point


Batch Subbasin DelineationBatch Subbasin Delineation

• Rule - The point should be located within the grid cell that Rule - The point should be located within the grid cell that has an existing stream.has an existing stream.

• Import Batch PointsImport Batch Points– Places all selected points in the map into the batch point file. Id Places all selected points in the map into the batch point file. Id

source feature classes have “Name” and “Description” attributes, source feature classes have “Name” and “Description” attributes, they area assigned to the batch pointsthey area assigned to the batch points

• Delineate Batch PointsDelineate Batch Points– Takes points from batch point feature class and uses them to do Takes points from batch point feature class and uses them to do

basin subdivision.basin subdivision.• BatchDone and SnapOn attributes to control snappingBatchDone and SnapOn attributes to control snapping


Extraction of Physical Extraction of Physical CharacteristicsCharacteristics


River Length and SlopeRiver Length and Slope

• Z unit is obtained from the spatial reference of the data. If Z unit is obtained from the spatial reference of the data. If that is not found, the spatial reference of the map is used that is not found, the spatial reference of the map is used for unit conversion.for unit conversion.

Added characteristics


Basin CentroidBasin Centroid

• Method 1 - Bounding BoxMethod 1 - Bounding Box• Method 2 - Flow PathMethod 2 - Flow Path• Method 3 - User specified location (out of box Method 3 - User specified location (out of box

ArcGIS)ArcGIS)


Longest Flow Path Longest Flow Path

From ArcHydro Tools


Attributes of subbasinAttributes of subbasin


Additional Subbasin AttributesAdditional Subbasin Attributes

• Utilize Arc Hydro characteristic extractionUtilize Arc Hydro characteristic extraction– CNCN– Impervious areaImpervious area– Basin slopeBasin slope– User defineableUser defineable


Assembling Data for HMSAssembling Data for HMS


OutlineOutline

• Assemble an HMS modelAssemble an HMS model

• Develop HMS inputs from GeoHMSDevelop HMS inputs from GeoHMS– HMS SchematicHMS Schematic– Basin ModelBasin Model– Background Map FileBackground Map File– Grid Cell Parameter FileGrid Cell Parameter File


Unit ConversionUnit Conversion

• Convert Map units to HMS units Convert Map units to HMS units (unit conversion defined in (unit conversion defined in configuration file)configuration file)

• Additional attributes can be Additional attributes can be managed by editing the managed by editing the configuration fileconfiguration file


Development of HMS SchematicDevelopment of HMS Schematic

• Run HMS Schematic from HMS menu Run HMS Schematic from HMS menu


Develop Lumped Basin ModelDevelop Lumped Basin Model

• Run Lumped Basin File Run Lumped Basin File from HMS menufrom HMS menu– ASCII (.basin) format as ASCII (.basin) format as

well as XML formatwell as XML format


Developing HMS ModelDeveloping HMS Model


Hydrologic Analysis (HEC-HMS)Hydrologic Analysis (HEC-HMS)

• Basin importBasin import• Geometry (background) importGeometry (background) import• Hydrologic (model) parameters – complete the model for the Hydrologic (model) parameters – complete the model for the

parameters not defined through GeoHMSparameters not defined through GeoHMS– Basin (precipitation-runoff transformation)Basin (precipitation-runoff transformation)

– Reach (routing)Reach (routing)

• Precipitation Precipitation • CalibrationCalibration• Final run (hydrographs as results)Final run (hydrographs as results)• None of the results are sent back to GIS at this timeNone of the results are sent back to GIS at this time• Use of DSS for time series storage and exchange with RASUse of DSS for time series storage and exchange with RAS


Model Results (DSS)Model Results (DSS)

• BasinBasin • SummarySummary


HEC-RAS BackgroundHEC-RAS Background


About HEC-RASAbout HEC-RAS

• HEC-RAS, NexGen successor to HEC-2HEC-RAS, NexGen successor to HEC-2• 1-Dimensional hydraulic program1-Dimensional hydraulic program• Steady and Unsteady FlowSteady and Unsteady Flow• Compute water surface from channel geometry and flowCompute water surface from channel geometry and flow• Current release – version 3.1.3Current release – version 3.1.3

Water depth?

Flow

Source: HEC


HEC-RAS ComponentsHEC-RAS Components

• Graphical User InterfaceGraphical User Interface• Data storage/managementData storage/management• Graphics, Tabular Output & ReportingGraphics, Tabular Output & Reporting• GeoRAS – GIS pre and postprocessorGeoRAS – GIS pre and postprocessor

Source: HEC


Geometric DataGeometric Data

• Cross SectionsCross Sections• Detailed Bridge AnalysisDetailed Bridge Analysis• Detailed Culvert Analysis (9 shapes)Detailed Culvert Analysis (9 shapes)• Multiple openings (bridge, culverts, conveyance)Multiple openings (bridge, culverts, conveyance)• Inline Weirs/Spillways, Gated StructuresInline Weirs/Spillways, Gated Structures• Lateral Weirs/Spillways, Gated StructuresLateral Weirs/Spillways, Gated Structures• Storage Areas and Hydraulic ConnectionsStorage Areas and Hydraulic Connections• Rating CurvesRating Curves• Data importers: HEC-2, UNET, Mike11, GIS, Survey Data importers: HEC-2, UNET, Mike11, GIS, Survey

DataData

Source: HEC


RAS SchematicRAS Schematic

Source: HEC


Cross SectionsCross Sections

Source: HEC


Flow Data and Boundary ConditionsFlow Data and Boundary Conditions

• Steady flow data - peak flows or time linesSteady flow data - peak flows or time lines• Unsteady flow data - hydrographsUnsteady flow data - hydrographs• Boundary ConditionsBoundary Conditions

– Stage and/or flow hydrographsStage and/or flow hydrographs– Rating CurvesRating Curves– Normal or critical depthNormal or critical depth– Lateral and uniform lateral inflow hydrographsLateral and uniform lateral inflow hydrographs– Groundwater interflowGroundwater interflow– Time series of gate openingsTime series of gate openings– Elevation controlled gatesElevation controlled gates

Source: HEC


Analyses TypesAnalyses Types

• FEMA Floodway AnalysisFEMA Floodway Analysis• Channel ModificationsChannel Modifications• Split Flow Optimization – steady flowSplit Flow Optimization – steady flow• Bridge Scour AnalysisBridge Scour Analysis• Detailed Flow DistributionDetailed Flow Distribution• Mixed Flow Regime in Unsteady FlowMixed Flow Regime in Unsteady Flow

– Subcritical and Supercritical flow, draw downs, and hydraulic jumpsSubcritical and Supercritical flow, draw downs, and hydraulic jumps

• Dam Break AnalysisDam Break Analysis• Levee Breaching and OvertoppingLevee Breaching and Overtopping• Pump Stations – multiple pumps, on and off elevationsPump Stations – multiple pumps, on and off elevations• Navigation Dams – Dam and hinge point controlNavigation Dams – Dam and hinge point control

Source: HEC


Viewing ResultsViewing Results

• Graphics Graphics – Cross sectionsCross sections– Water surface profilesWater surface profiles– Stage and flow hydrographsStage and flow hydrographs– XYZ PlotXYZ Plot– Rating CurvesRating Curves– Generic plots – Any variable in profile, ratingGeneric plots – Any variable in profile, rating– Animation – (cross section, profile, 3D plots)Animation – (cross section, profile, 3D plots)

• Tabular OutputTabular Output– Pre-defined detailed and summary tablesPre-defined detailed and summary tables– User-define output tablesUser-define output tables

Source: HEC


HEC-GeoRASHEC-GeoRAS


About HEC-GeoRASAbout HEC-GeoRAS

• HEC-GeoRAS – companion product to RASHEC-GeoRAS – companion product to RAS– ArcGIS version (ESRI for HEC under CRADA)ArcGIS version (ESRI for HEC under CRADA)– I/O support through RAS (ASCII, XML)I/O support through RAS (ASCII, XML)– Beta released (in pre-beta for almost 2 years)Beta released (in pre-beta for almost 2 years)

• HistoryHistory– ARC/HEC2 (UT, 1992)ARC/HEC2 (UT, 1992)– Philadelphia COE (ARC/INFO solution)Philadelphia COE (ARC/INFO solution)– ArcView version (ESRI) – AVRas 2.2ArcView version (ESRI) – AVRas 2.2– ARC/INFO and ArcView 3.* versions (HEC/ESRI)ARC/INFO and ArcView 3.* versions (HEC/ESRI)

• Development philosophyDevelopment philosophy– Automate boring tasksAutomate boring tasks– Provide tools for “involved” tasks, otherwise standard ArcGISProvide tools for “involved” tasks, otherwise standard ArcGIS


GeoRAS FunctionalityGeoRAS Functionality

• HEC-GeoRASHEC-GeoRAS– PreprocessingPreprocessing

• Layer constructionLayer construction

• Data entry utilitiesData entry utilities

• Characteristics extraction (stream and cross-section properties)Characteristics extraction (stream and cross-section properties)

• Model input preparation (ASCII)Model input preparation (ASCII)

– PostprocessingPostprocessing• Import of RAS results into a geodatabaseImport of RAS results into a geodatabase

• Generation of water depth and floodplain extentGeneration of water depth and floodplain extent

• Other GIS processingOther GIS processing– MappingMapping– VisualizationVisualization


HEC-GeoRAS HEC-GeoRAS PreprocessingPreprocessing


GeoRAS Data Layers - RequiredGeoRAS Data Layers - Required

• Terrain Model – representation Terrain Model – representation of both the main channel and of both the main channel and adjacent floodplain areaadjacent floodplain area– TIN or GRIDTIN or GRID

– tiled or monolithtiled or monolith

• Stream CenterlineStream Centerline• Cross Section Cut LinesCross Section Cut Lines


GeoRAS Data Layers – Optional GeoRAS Data Layers – Optional

• Flow pathsFlow paths• Stream banksStream banks• Land use Land use • Ineffective areas Ineffective areas • Levee alignmentsLevee alignments• Storage areasStorage areas• Blocked obstructionsBlocked obstructions• Bridge/culvertsBridge/culverts• ……• Contours, images, Contours, images,

orthophotos, (visualization)orthophotos, (visualization)


GeoRAS Database GenerationGeoRAS Database Generation

• Through codeThrough code– ““Create RAS Layers” function in Create RAS Layers” function in

GeoRAS UIGeoRAS UI– Each function will generate Each function will generate

layers/attributes as neededlayers/attributes as needed

• ArcCatalogArcCatalog– From geodatabase schemaFrom geodatabase schema

• Careful with spatial referenceCareful with spatial reference

• Careful with SDE Careful with SDE implementation (write implementation (write access)access)


GIS Data Layer – TerrainGIS Data Layer – Terrain

• TerrainTerrain– TIN or GRIDTIN or GRID– Used to:Used to:

• Provide elevation valuesProvide elevation values

• Georeference GIS layers !Georeference GIS layers !

– Contours can be created and Contours can be created and used for visualization onlyused for visualization only

– Assists in stream centerline and Assists in stream centerline and cross section layoutcross section layout


GIS Data Layer – Stream CenterlineGIS Data Layer – Stream Centerline

• TerrainTerrain• Stream CenterlineStream Centerline

– Establishes cross-sectional river Establishes cross-sectional river stationing stationing

– Created in the direction of flow - Created in the direction of flow - from upstream to downstreamfrom upstream to downstream

– Each reach must have a unique Each reach must have a unique river-reach nameriver-reach name


GIS Data Layer – Cross SectionsGIS Data Layer – Cross Sections

• ContoursContours• Stream CenterlineStream Centerline• Stream BanksStream Banks• Flow PathsFlow Paths• Cross SectionsCross Sections

– XS locations (cut lines) are XS locations (cut lines) are oriented from the left to right oriented from the left to right bankbank

– Perpendicular to flowPerpendicular to flow


River StationingRiver Stationing

• Cross-sectional station Cross-sectional station calculated from intersection calculated from intersection of Stream Centerline and XS of Stream Centerline and XS Cut LinesCut Lines


Downstream Reach LengthsDownstream Reach Lengths

• Calculated at the intersection Calculated at the intersection of Cross-sectional Cut Lines of Cross-sectional Cut Lines and Flow Path Centerlines and Flow Path Centerlines themesthemes

• Reach lengths are calculated Reach lengths are calculated as the length between cut as the length between cut lineslines


Station-elevation DataStation-elevation Data

• Elevation data extracted from Elevation data extracted from intersection of Cross-intersection of Cross-sectional Cut Line theme sectional Cut Line theme with the terrainwith the terrain


Station-elevation DataStation-elevation Data

TIN

Resultant Cross Section

Cross-sectional Cut Line


GIS Data Layer – OtherGIS Data Layer – Other

• ContoursContours• Stream CenterlineStream Centerline• Stream BanksStream Banks• Flow PathsFlow Paths• Cross SectionsCross Sections• Land UseLand Use

OtherOther• LeveesLevees• Ineffective flow areasIneffective flow areas• Blocked obstructionsBlocked obstructions• Bridge/CulvertsBridge/Culverts• Inline structuresInline structures• Lateral structuresLateral structures• Storage areasStorage areas


GIS Data Layer – 3D ElementsGIS Data Layer – 3D Elements

• ContoursContours• Stream CenterlineStream Centerline• Stream BanksStream Banks• Flow PathsFlow Paths• Cross SectionsCross Sections• Land UseLand Use• OtherOther

3D elements are 3D elements are extracted from their 2D extracted from their 2D counterparts and the counterparts and the terrainterrain

• Cross sectionsCross sections• Stream centerlineStream centerline• Bridge/CulvertsBridge/Culverts• Inline structuresInline structures• Lateral structuresLateral structures• Storage areasStorage areas


Geometric Import File (GIS RAS)Geometric Import File (GIS RAS)

• ContentContent– Header InformationHeader Information– River Network DefinitionRiver Network Definition

• Rivers, reaches, and junctionsRivers, reaches, and junctions

– Channel and Floodplain Channel and Floodplain GeometryGeometry• Station-elevation dataStation-elevation data

• Bank stationsBank stations

• Downstream reach lengthsDownstream reach lengths

• Manning’s Manning’s nn values values

– OtherOther• Storage areasStorage areas


Geometric Import FileGeometric Import File (cont.) (cont.)

• FormatFormat– sdf (RAS I/O ASCII sdf (RAS I/O ASCII

format)format)– XMLXML


Completing HEC-RAS and Completing HEC-RAS and HEC-GeoRAS Post-HEC-GeoRAS Post-

processingprocessing


Analysis Process OverviewAnalysis Process Overview

• (GIS data Development completed)(GIS data Development completed)• Import GIS data into HEC-RASImport GIS data into HEC-RAS• Complete data entryComplete data entry

– GeometryGeometry• Required information not covered by GISRequired information not covered by GIS

– Modeling runModeling run• Initial and boundary conditionsInitial and boundary conditions

• Perform the computationsPerform the computations– QC of resultsQC of results– CalibrationCalibration

• Export results to GIS (GeoRAS postprocessing)Export results to GIS (GeoRAS postprocessing)– Floodplain delineationFloodplain delineation– Water depth determinationWater depth determination


Completing HEC-RAS InputCompleting HEC-RAS Input


Imported DataImported Data

• River system schematicRiver system schematic– River, reach and junction labelsRiver, reach and junction labels

• Cross-section dataCross-section data– River, reach, and river station labelsRiver, reach, and river station labels– Cross section cut lines (x,y)Cross section cut lines (x,y)– Cross section surface line (x,y,z)Cross section surface line (x,y,z)– Main channel banks stations (optional)Main channel banks stations (optional)– Downstream reach lengths (optional)Downstream reach lengths (optional)– Manning’s n values (optional)Manning’s n values (optional)– Ineffective flow areas (optional)Ineffective flow areas (optional)– Levees (optional)Levees (optional)


Imported DataImported Data (cont.) (cont.)

• Storage areasStorage areas• Structures (only 2 and 3D geometry and placement are Structures (only 2 and 3D geometry and placement are

generated – detailed structure characteristics are generated – detailed structure characteristics are currently not – work in progress)currently not – work in progress)– Bridge/culvertsBridge/culverts– Inline structuresInline structures– Lateral structuresLateral structures


Data NOT ImportedData NOT Imported

• Contraction and expansion coefficientsContraction and expansion coefficients• Optional cross-section propertiesOptional cross-section properties

– Ice, vertical n values, etc…Ice, vertical n values, etc…

• Hydraulic structure survey dataHydraulic structure survey data– Bridge and culvert openings, weir characteristics, etc...Bridge and culvert openings, weir characteristics, etc...

• Flow characteristicsFlow characteristics– Initial conditionsInitial conditions– Boundary conditionsBoundary conditions


Completing the DataCompleting the Data

• GIS does not generate all required data. Some are GIS does not generate all required data. Some are optional (e.g. Manning’s n or bank stations) and some are optional (e.g. Manning’s n or bank stations) and some are not supported (e.g. structure characteristics or flows).not supported (e.g. structure characteristics or flows).

• In most cases, additional work will have to be done on In most cases, additional work will have to be done on cross-sectionscross-sections– ““Banks”Banks”– Manning’s nManning’s n– Simplification of cross-section points (weeding)Simplification of cross-section points (weeding)


Completing the Data – Flow CharacteristicsCompleting the Data – Flow Characteristics

• Flow dataFlow data

• Boundary Boundary conditionsconditions

• Profile namesProfile names


Performing Computations and Viewing ResultsPerforming Computations and Viewing Results

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400520

540

560

580

600

620

Station (ft)

Ele

vatio

n (f

t)

Legend

EG 22FEB1999 0500

WS 22FEB1999 0500

Crit 22FEB1999 0500

Ground

Levee

Ineff

Bank Sta

.065 .04 .09


Exporting Results to GIS Exporting Results to GIS

• From HEC-RAS “File” From HEC-RAS “File” menu select “Export menu select “Export GIS Data”GIS Data”

• Many optionsMany options• Make sure that the Make sure that the

result requested in result requested in RAS is matching GIS RAS is matching GIS export requirements export requirements (e.g. velocities)(e.g. velocities)


Post-processing in Post-processing in HEC-GeoRASHEC-GeoRAS


Floodplain Delineation MethodsFloodplain Delineation Methods

• Import of model results into GISImport of model results into GIS– Construction of GIS coverage through water surface as defined by Construction of GIS coverage through water surface as defined by

the hydraulic model (e.g. HEC-RAS).the hydraulic model (e.g. HEC-RAS).• fast, simple implementationfast, simple implementation

• limited to solution at the cross-section - non-terrain based interpolation limited to solution at the cross-section - non-terrain based interpolation between the cross-sectionsbetween the cross-sections

– Construction of GIS coverage by construction of a water TIN and Construction of GIS coverage by construction of a water TIN and then intersection of the water and terrain TINs to produce the final then intersection of the water and terrain TINs to produce the final floodplain outline.floodplain outline.• slow, complex implementationslow, complex implementation

• needs conversion of TIN into lattice (A/I)needs conversion of TIN into lattice (A/I)

• more precise interpolationmore precise interpolation


RAS GIS Export FileRAS GIS Export File


Inundation ProcessingInundation Processing

• Multiple stepsMultiple steps– Generate water surface TIN Generate water surface TIN

• Use cross-sections as breaklines with known water surface elevation Use cross-sections as breaklines with known water surface elevation coming from RAS. coming from RAS.

• Use bounding polygon as TIN extent (clip water surface extent)Use bounding polygon as TIN extent (clip water surface extent)

– Convert water surface TIN into a water surface GRIDConvert water surface TIN into a water surface GRID• Rasterization cell is user defined (if terrain is in GRID format, it should Rasterization cell is user defined (if terrain is in GRID format, it should

be terrain’s resolution)be terrain’s resolution)

– Positive difference between the water surface and terrain GRID is Positive difference between the water surface and terrain GRID is the water depth grid (negative values are discarded)the water depth grid (negative values are discarded)

– The perimeter of the water depth grid is the floodplain boundaryThe perimeter of the water depth grid is the floodplain boundary


Inundation ProcessingInundation Processing (cont.) (cont.)

• Terrain model and water Terrain model and water surface TIN are converted to surface TIN are converted to registered grids registered grids

• Depth grid determined from Depth grid determined from the difference of the water the difference of the water surface and land surfacesurface and land surface


Inundation ProcessingInundation Processing (cont.) (cont.)

• Floodplain boundaries at the Floodplain boundaries at the intersection of the water intersection of the water surface and land surface surface and land surface gridsgrids

• Floodplain polygon is Floodplain polygon is created in GeoRAS by created in GeoRAS by vectorizing the depth gridvectorizing the depth grid


VisualizationVisualization


Modeling FeedbackModeling Feedback

• Visual inspection/interpretation of results (or sooner) – not Visual inspection/interpretation of results (or sooner) – not just a “pretty picture”just a “pretty picture”– Terrain problemsTerrain problems– Ineffective areasIneffective areas– Problematic cross-section locationProblematic cross-section location

• Floodplain discontinuityFloodplain discontinuity

• Short cross-sectionsShort cross-sections

– Problematic RAS auto cross-section interpolationProblematic RAS auto cross-section interpolation


Floodplain DiscontinuityFloodplain Discontinuity


Floodplain Discontinuity (cont.)Floodplain Discontinuity (cont.)

“Dry”

Water surface profile

Cross-sections

Terrain


Cross-section InterpolationCross-section Interpolation

TIN interpolated cross-sections

RAS interpolated cross-sections

Original cross-sections

TerrainRAS assumed terrain


H&H Integration OverviewH&H Integration Overview

(HMS-RAS focus)(HMS-RAS focus)


Integration ApproachIntegration Approach

• Mix of planning, GIS, and H&H modeling operations – not Mix of planning, GIS, and H&H modeling operations – not a push button operation.a push button operation.

• Types of integrationTypes of integration– Modeling support (preparing data for model input)Modeling support (preparing data for model input)

• e.g. land use/soils/CN or rainfall processing – Arc Hydro or general GIS e.g. land use/soils/CN or rainfall processing – Arc Hydro or general GIS data processingdata processing

– LinkedLinked• GeoHMSGeoHMS

• GeoRASGeoRAS

– IntegratedIntegrated• DSSDSS


Integration ApproachIntegration Approach (2) (2)

• Key steps:Key steps:– Plan (roughly) hydrologic and hydraulic model layouts – flow exchange Plan (roughly) hydrologic and hydraulic model layouts – flow exchange

locationslocations• e.g. location of HMS modeling elements and RAS cross-sectionse.g. location of HMS modeling elements and RAS cross-sections

– Identify sources of precipitation input into the hydrologic model and Identify sources of precipitation input into the hydrologic model and techniques for their incorporation into the datasettechniques for their incorporation into the dataset

• e.g. Nexrad rainfalle.g. Nexrad rainfall

– Develop GeoHMS model (and precipitation sub model)Develop GeoHMS model (and precipitation sub model)

– Finalize and run HMS model and generate results (DSS)Finalize and run HMS model and generate results (DSS)

– Develop GeoRAS modelDevelop GeoRAS model

– Finalize and run RAS taking HMS results as inputFinalize and run RAS taking HMS results as input

– Feedback between HMS and RAS is manualFeedback between HMS and RAS is manual• e.g. modification of time of concentration or routing parameterse.g. modification of time of concentration or routing parameters


Integration PlanningIntegration Planning

• Identify where outputs from one Identify where outputs from one model (HMS) become input to model (HMS) become input to the second one (RAS)the second one (RAS)– Place hydrologic elements Place hydrologic elements

(subbasins, reaches, junctions) to (subbasins, reaches, junctions) to capture flows at points of interest capture flows at points of interest (confluences, structures)(confluences, structures)

– Place hydraulic elements (cross-Place hydraulic elements (cross-sections) at points of interestsections) at points of interest

– Identify/specify element naming Identify/specify element naming conventions between the two conventions between the two models (persistent or transient models (persistent or transient names)names)


Develop GeoHMS modelDevelop GeoHMS model

• Follow all principles in development of Follow all principles in development of a hydrologic modela hydrologic model

• In addition, take into consideration In addition, take into consideration integration planning aspects integration planning aspects developed earlierdeveloped earlier– Placement of flow exchange pointsPlacement of flow exchange points– Naming conventionsNaming conventions

• Incorporate precipitation submodelIncorporate precipitation submodel– Develop Arc Hydro time series for the final Develop Arc Hydro time series for the final

subbasin delineation and export to DSSsubbasin delineation and export to DSS

• Export to HMSExport to HMS


Finalize and Run HMSFinalize and Run HMS

• Complete HMS Complete HMS model with any model with any additional additional parameters parameters including including meteorological meteorological model and control model and control specificationsspecifications

• Follow all principles Follow all principles in HMS model in HMS model development development (calibration, etc.)(calibration, etc.)


Finalize and Run HMS Finalize and Run HMS (2)(2)

• Do the final run and Do the final run and generate results generate results (DSS)(DSS)

DSS View

HMS View


Develop GeoRAS model (pre-processing)Develop GeoRAS model (pre-processing)

• Follow all principles in Follow all principles in development of a hydraulic development of a hydraulic model for element placement model for element placement (confluences, structures, …)(confluences, structures, …)

• In addition, take into In addition, take into consideration integration consideration integration planning aspects developed planning aspects developed earlierearlier– Naming conventions (add name of Naming conventions (add name of

the HMS element to the cross-the HMS element to the cross-section that will get the element’s section that will get the element’s flows)flows)

• Export to RASExport to RAS


Finalize and Run RASFinalize and Run RAS

• Complete RAS Complete RAS model with any model with any additional additional parameters parameters including initial and including initial and boundary conditionsboundary conditions

• Follow all principles Follow all principles in RAS model in RAS model development development (calibration, etc.)(calibration, etc.)


Finalize and Run RAS Finalize and Run RAS (2)(2)

• Do the final run Do the final run and generate and generate results (export to results (export to sdf file)sdf file)


Process RAS results in GeoRASProcess RAS results in GeoRAS

• Construct the floodplain Construct the floodplain based on the results in based on the results in the sdfthe sdf

• Review the results with Review the results with respect to spatial integrity respect to spatial integrity (extents of cross-sections, (extents of cross-sections, ineffective flow areas, ineffective flow areas, disconnected flood areas, disconnected flood areas, …)…)

• Clean resultsClean results• Revisit RASRevisit RAS


GIS – HMS – RAS FeedbackGIS – HMS – RAS Feedback

• At present it is manual and at discretion of modelerAt present it is manual and at discretion of modeler– GIS – H&H interactionGIS – H&H interaction– H – H interaction H – H interaction

• Visualization in both pre and post-processing – not just a Visualization in both pre and post-processing – not just a “pretty picture”“pretty picture”– Fly-over in preprocessing (GeoHMS and GeoRAS)Fly-over in preprocessing (GeoHMS and GeoRAS)

• Identification of data problemsIdentification of data problems

• Modeling element placementModeling element placement

– Post-processing (GeoRAS)Post-processing (GeoRAS)• Validity of element placementValidity of element placement


Questions ???Questions ???

1 h&h modeling. uc 2006 tech session2 how “things” build up database developmentdatabase...

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basin characteristics

basin characteristicsoften

square mile basin

hh modeling slide

dimensionless slide

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mean basin elevation