1. history and introduction to cognitive neuroscience · 2016. 2. 1. · 2/1/2016 1 history and...
TRANSCRIPT
2/1/2016
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History and Introduction to
Cognitive Neuroscience
In the Beginning…
• Evolution of the human brain
• Human brain surfaced ~100,000 years ago
• Areas of modern human (H. Sapiens)
brain shared with many other species
In the Beginning…
• Rapid encephalization
• WWHGD?
• Why might behavior-x have evolved?
• How could behavior-x promote survival
and reproduction?
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The Brain Story
• Thomas Willis (17th century)
• Dissections of human brains
• Linked brain regions to behaviors
• Highly detailed anatomical drawings (Circle of Willis)
The Brain Story
• Franz Joseph Gall
• Phrenology
• Localization of brain function?
• Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens
• Ablation studies
• Aggregate field theory
• John Hughlings Jackson
• Localizationist view
• Proposed topographical layout of brain
• Homunculus
The Brain Story
• Paul Broca
• Tan
• Broca’s aphasia
• Broca’s area
• Carl Wernicke
• Wernicke’s aphasia
• Wernicke’s area
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The Brain Story
• Gustav Fritsch and Wduard Hitzig
• Electrical stimulation of dog cerebellum
• Localization of motor functions
• Korbinian Brodmann
• Cytoarchitechtonics
• Brodmann areas
The Brain Story
• Camillo Golgi
• Syncytium
• Golgi
• Santiago Ramón y Cajal
• Neuron doctrine
The Psychological Story
• Franciscus Donders
• Mental chronometry
• Subtractive method
• Rationalism
• Empiricism
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The Psychological Story
• Hermann von Ebbinghaus
• Associationism
• Empirical study of memory
• E. L. Thorndike
• Law of Effect
• Behaviorism
• John Watson
• BF Skinner
The Psychological Story
• Wilder Penfield and Herbert Jasper
• Montreal Procedure
• Treatment of epilepsy
• Insula
• Donald O. Hebb
• Father of Neural Networks
• Hebbian learning rule
• Synaptic plasticity
The Psychological Story
• George Miller
• Magical number 7, plus or minus 2
• Noam Chomsky
• Language it not probabilistic
• Language is grammar-based
• Language acquisition device
• Universal grammar
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The Psychological Story
Instruments of Cognitive
Neuroscience
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Cerebral Blood Flow
• Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Resources
• Cognitive Paradigm Ontology (http://www.cogpo.org/)
• Brainmap (https://www.brainmap.org/)
• Surface Management Systems Database (http://sumsdb.wustl.edu:8081/sums/index.jsp)
• Cognitive Atlas Project (http://www.cognitiveatlas.org/)
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Image References
• http://disjointedthinking.jeffhughes.ca/2011/02/all-about-the-brain-part-2/
• https://rosemarycottageclinic.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/evolution_of_brain_size.jpg
• http://www.humaneresearch.org.au/case-studies/macaques-used-in-vision-experiment-to-study-attentional-blink
• http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thomas-willis-6428.php
• http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/mind-guest-blog/happy-birthday-circle-of-willis/
• http://www.zeno.org/Pagel-1901/I/Pa000028
• http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-126370/A-phrenological-map-of-the-brain-shows-the-size-of
• https://www.researchgate.net/figure/281541898_fig1_Figure-4-Marie-Jean-Pierre-Flourens
• http://misfitsarchitecture.com/2014/03/08/architectural-myths-12-field-space/
• http://acn.oxfordjournals.org/content/25/4/259/F2.expansion.html
• http://willcov.com/bio-consciousness/diagrams/Homunculus%20(Topographic)%20Diagram.htm
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Broca
• http://editthis.info/psy3241/Carl_Wernicke
• http://www.strokecenter.org/patients/caregiver-and-patient-resources/aphasia-information/
• http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/data?id=per76
• http://www.catalogus-professorum-halensis.de/hitzigeduard.html
• http://www.britannica.com/biography/Camillo-Golgi
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Golgi#/media/File:Golgi_Hippocampus.jpg
• http://www.biography.com/people/santiago-ram%C3%B3n-y-cajal-39848
• http://www.robotspacebrain.com/santiago-ramon-y-cajal/
Image References
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Donders
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Ebbinghaus
• http://www.senseandsensation.com/2013/03/retrieval-getting-and-forgetting-part-8.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilder_Penfield
• https://www.researchgate.net/figure/5956104_fig6_Figure-7-The-Montreal-procedure-of-anteromesial-temporal-resection-as-developed-at-the
• http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bhiksha/courses/deeplearning/Fall.2015/slides.2014/3.Srivaths.Hebb.pdf
• https://paw.princeton.edu/issues/2012/09/19/pages/0155/index.xml?__xsl=/cms-print.xsl \
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_Chomsky
• https://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elltankw/el1102-wk13.htm
• http://scienceillustrated.com.au/blog/culture/turns-out-chomsky-was-right/
• http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/neurological/electroencephalogram_eeg_92,P07655/
• http://www.drugs.com/health-guide/positron-emission-tomography-pet-scan.html