1. How was the Ming Dynasty founded?

• Peasant rebellion against Yuan• People wanted to remove the Mongols from

China• reinstated Confucian ideology

2. Who was Zheng He?

• 1405-1433 • Chinese explorer and navigator• established relations with foreign countries• expand trade contacts with Africa, India and

Asia

3. What were the reasons that caused the Protestant Reformation? What helped it

spread?

• church needed money to beautify the churches and pay artists

• Sold indulgences: instant salvation for money• Also raised prices on sacraments• Luther’s 95 Theses was spread by the printing

press

4. What is an "enlightened despot?”

• Absolute ruler that ruled with absolute power but included Enlightenment ideas to grant people some rights

5. What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

• Pope granted Spain all of North and South America

• Portugal received Brazil, Africa and India

6. List the new classes of the Spanish New World.

• Peninsulares: born in Spain. • Creoles: American born descendants of

Spanish. • Mestizos: Native American and European

descent• Mulattoes people of African and European

descent. • Native Americans and Africans

7. What were the results of the Protestant Reformation?

• Loss of religious unity in Europe• Thirty Years war• few countries in Europe would stand as

"Protestant" lands. • Sparked the challenging of traditional thinking

8. Who is Niccolo Machiavelli and what were his ideas?

• The Prince, “the end justifies the means”• Political theory, ruthless leader• Taught rulers how to rule• Leaders do whatever is necessary to rule

9. Who was John Locke?

• People had natural rights• Life, liberty, and property• Gov’t should represent people and if they

didn’t people could overthrow it • Supported democracy and republic

10. What was the Council of Trent?

• Council of religious leaders 1545-1563• condemned Protestantism• set out to reform the abuses of the Church

11. What were the causes for the fall of the Ming Dynasty?

• internal problems• famines and peasant revolts• Inflation, economic problems, silver floods the

Ming economy• Qing warriors were asked to stop rebellions• China too big to control• Qing overthrew the Ming ends

12. What were the reasons for the collapse of the Qing?

• continuing pressure from the West• The Opium Wars: opened forced trade with

Europe• Chinese peasants believed the Qing favored

Westerners and started rebellions• Tai-ping Rebellion weakened Qing dynasty• Fell in 1911 and Republic in China was formed

13. What was the Scientific Revolution?

• Renaissance and Reformation challenge traditional thought

• Use logic, reason, experimentation, observation and other methods to locate facts

14. What were the accomplishments of the Ming Dynasty?

• Adding to the Great Wall• naval expeditions of Zheng He • Porcelain, gunpowder and other goods spread

throughout Asia• Confucian beliefs re-emphasized

15. What is deism?

• God was a watchmaker, one who set up the world, gave it natural laws by which to operate, and then let it run itself

• God did not interfere in its workings.

16. What were some reasons that the Europeans began exploring the world?• Europeans primary motive was economic• Desire for wealth and foreign goods • Wanted to sell foreign goods for profit

17. Define the term Encomienda.

• the right of the Spanish to demand labor or tribute from the natives.

18. What were the ideas of Montesquieu?

• Separation of Powers• Checks and balances

19. Who was Bartolome de Las Casas?

• accounted the acts that the Spanish colonists inflicted on the Natives

• Defended the Indians but it had no effect on the death toll of the Natives

20. What were some reasons for the collapse of the Ming dynasty?

• SORRY ADDED IT TWICE ON YOUR SHEETS

21. What was the Edict of Nantes?

• allowed Protestants to practice in Catholic France

• Also granted Protestants certain rights in France

22. What were some elements of the Catholic Counter-Reformation?

• Banned the sale of Indulgences• Creation of the Society of Jesuits by Ignatius of

Loyola• Used to restore faith in the teachings of Christ• The Inquisition to root out heretics