1 hvacr215 – mechanical for oil fuel oil pumps. 2 pumps all oil burners for residential and light...
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HVACR215 – Mechanical for OilHVACR215 – Mechanical for Oil
Fuel Oil PumpsFuel Oil Pumps
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PumpsPumps
• All oil burners for residential and light commercial applications have pumps.
• These pumps are connected to the motor through a coupling. The coupling is made from plastic and must be replaced on occasion.
• All oil burners for residential and light commercial applications have pumps.
• These pumps are connected to the motor through a coupling. The coupling is made from plastic and must be replaced on occasion.
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PumpsPumps
• The pump:– Is an oil pumping device– It is an oil regulating device– It is a second filter
• The pump:– Is an oil pumping device– It is an oil regulating device– It is a second filter
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Types of PumpsTypes of Pumps
• Single stage pump (one gear)– Used on gravity feed systems– Not to exceed 10” vacuum (low lift)– When the tank is over the burner.
• Single stage pump (one gear)– Used on gravity feed systems– Not to exceed 10” vacuum (low lift)– When the tank is over the burner.
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Types of pumpsTypes of pumps
• Two stage pumps (two gears)– Used on underground tanks, and when gravity
feed is NOT used.– Determined by
• Lift• Horizontal Run• Fittings (number of)• Filter
– 2 Pipes always used in high lift situations (over 15” vacuum required)
• Two stage pumps (two gears)– Used on underground tanks, and when gravity
feed is NOT used.– Determined by
• Lift• Horizontal Run• Fittings (number of)• Filter
– 2 Pipes always used in high lift situations (over 15” vacuum required)
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Pump SizingPump Sizing
• Pumps should be sized for the complete system. • Remember the:
– Fittings– Filters– Valves– Horizontal and vertical runs.
• Pumps should be sized for the complete system. • Remember the:
– Fittings– Filters– Valves– Horizontal and vertical runs.
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Vacuum CriteriaVacuum Criteria
• Expressed in inches of mercury (hg)• Rules of thumb (for vac criteria)
– 1” of vacuum for ever foot of lift– 1” of vacuum for each 10 foot horizontal run– 1” of vacuum for each 90 degree elbow– 1” of vacuum for each oil filter– 2” - 4” for each check valve– 3” for firematic valve
• Calculate these and select the pump.
• Expressed in inches of mercury (hg)• Rules of thumb (for vac criteria)
– 1” of vacuum for ever foot of lift– 1” of vacuum for each 10 foot horizontal run– 1” of vacuum for each 90 degree elbow– 1” of vacuum for each oil filter– 2” - 4” for each check valve– 3” for firematic valve
• Calculate these and select the pump.
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Fuel Pump LimitationsFuel Pump Limitations
• Shaft seal limits:– 10 PSI of pressure– 3 PSI per national fire protection association
• Shaft seal limits:– 10 PSI of pressure– 3 PSI per national fire protection association
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Fuel Pump LimitationsFuel Pump Limitations
• Single stage pumps are not used when:– Over 6” of vacuum on single pipe system– Over 10” of vacuum on two pipe system
• Single stage pumps are not used when:– Over 6” of vacuum on single pipe system– Over 10” of vacuum on two pipe system
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Fuel Pump PartsFuel Pump Parts
• The fuel pump unit consists of:– Pump– Pressure Regulating Valve– Strainer Screen– Shaft Seal
• The fuel pump unit consists of:– Pump– Pressure Regulating Valve– Strainer Screen– Shaft Seal
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PumpPump
• Older pumps use a bellows style pump.• Newer pumps use gears• Provides suction for lift, pressure for burner, and
lubrication.
• Older pumps use a bellows style pump.• Newer pumps use gears• Provides suction for lift, pressure for burner, and
lubrication.
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Pressure regulating valvePressure regulating valve
• Maintains oil nozzle pressure• Operation of:
– The gears build up pressure– Pressure than overcomes the spring tension– Piston is forced back and discharges oil to the
nozzle.
• The pressure regulating valve is adjustable
• Maintains oil nozzle pressure• Operation of:
– The gears build up pressure– Pressure than overcomes the spring tension– Piston is forced back and discharges oil to the
nozzle.
• The pressure regulating valve is adjustable
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Pressure regulating valvePressure regulating valve
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Strainer ScreenStrainer Screen
• Located in the pump unit reservoir• Prevents sediment and contamination of the
pump and burner• Webster pumps have rotary filter (chopper)
which is not serviceable in the field.• All other pumps strainer should be replaced
as part of preventative maint.
• Located in the pump unit reservoir• Prevents sediment and contamination of the
pump and burner• Webster pumps have rotary filter (chopper)
which is not serviceable in the field.• All other pumps strainer should be replaced
as part of preventative maint.
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Shaft SealShaft Seal
• Prevents oil leakage around the shaft• Lubrication of the seal is provided through the
inside of the pump.
• Prevents oil leakage around the shaft• Lubrication of the seal is provided through the
inside of the pump.
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Shaft SealShaft Seal
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Single stage pump operationSingle stage pump operation
• Oil enters through the strainer to the reservoir.• The gear teeth squeeze the oil and discharge to
the pressure side.• The pressure builds up, opening the regulating
valve and discharging to the nozzle.
• Oil enters through the strainer to the reservoir.• The gear teeth squeeze the oil and discharge to
the pressure side.• The pressure builds up, opening the regulating
valve and discharging to the nozzle.
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Single Stage PumpSingle Stage Pump
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Two Stage Pump OperationTwo Stage Pump Operation
• Same as the single stage except the first stage gear provides vacuum and lift.
• The second stage gear provides pressure to the nozzle.
• Same as the single stage except the first stage gear provides vacuum and lift.
• The second stage gear provides pressure to the nozzle.
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Two Stage PumpTwo Stage Pump
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PipingPiping
• Single stage system can be one or two pipe.• Two stage system MUST have a two pipe system
with bypass plug.
• Single stage system can be one or two pipe.• Two stage system MUST have a two pipe system
with bypass plug.
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Pump ServicePump Service
• Pump service consists of:– Venting and bleeding– Field Pressure and Cut-Off Check– Field Vacuum Check– Changing the Strainer
• Pump service consists of:– Venting and bleeding– Field Pressure and Cut-Off Check– Field Vacuum Check– Changing the Strainer
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Changing the StrainerChanging the Strainer
• Should be done yearly or any time the tank filter is changed
• DO NOT ATTEMPT ON A WEBSTER PUMP• Unscrew the cover and lift strainer out.• Make sure all valves are closed prior to doing this.
• Should be done yearly or any time the tank filter is changed
• DO NOT ATTEMPT ON A WEBSTER PUMP• Unscrew the cover and lift strainer out.• Make sure all valves are closed prior to doing this.
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Venting and bleedingVenting and bleeding
• In a one pipe system air can cause:– Pulsation of oil– Change in flame– Nozzle Drip
• To bleed the system open the bleed port and wait for a steady stream of oil and then close.
• You will need to jump CAD cell terminals while bleeding pump.
• In a one pipe system air can cause:– Pulsation of oil– Change in flame– Nozzle Drip
• To bleed the system open the bleed port and wait for a steady stream of oil and then close.
• You will need to jump CAD cell terminals while bleeding pump.
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Venting and BleedingVenting and Bleeding
• In a two pipe system the pump is self-priming and bleeding is not needed.
• If line is too long open the inlet side and manually add some oil to prime.
• In a two pipe system the pump is self-priming and bleeding is not needed.
• If line is too long open the inlet side and manually add some oil to prime.
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Pump Pressure and Cut-offPump Pressure and Cut-off
• Cut off Check Steps:– Disconnect fuel line from the nozzle port– Insert pressure gauge– Operate burner and adjust to 100 psi– Shut down and watch the gauge, it should drop
and stop.• If it stops the cut off is fine• If it drops again the pump is bad (check is not holding)
• Cut off Check Steps:– Disconnect fuel line from the nozzle port– Insert pressure gauge– Operate burner and adjust to 100 psi– Shut down and watch the gauge, it should drop
and stop.• If it stops the cut off is fine• If it drops again the pump is bad (check is not holding)
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Pressure CheckPressure Check
• Insert pressure gauge in either port and bleed port.
• Pulsating reading indicates:– Pump strainer clogged– Oil filter clogged– Air in pump
• Insert pressure gauge in either port and bleed port.
• Pulsating reading indicates:– Pump strainer clogged– Oil filter clogged– Air in pump
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Field Vacuum CheckField Vacuum Check
• Use any time an oil pump has problems• Install a vacuum gauge in the inlet port• Readings should be within requirements
– 1 pipe system up to 6” of vacuum– 2 pipe single stage system 10” of vacuum– 15” vacuum on 2 stage, 2 pipe system
• Use any time an oil pump has problems• Install a vacuum gauge in the inlet port• Readings should be within requirements
– 1 pipe system up to 6” of vacuum– 2 pipe single stage system 10” of vacuum– 15” vacuum on 2 stage, 2 pipe system
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Field Vacuum CheckField Vacuum Check
• Poor vacuum:– Air leak in suction line or fittings– Leak at pump gaskets– Worn gears in pump
• Poor vacuum:– Air leak in suction line or fittings– Leak at pump gaskets– Worn gears in pump
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Bench Checking pumpsBench Checking pumps
• Field service is not possible in oil pumps, pumps need to be replaced.
• The strainer is the only part that is replaceable in the field.
• Field service is not possible in oil pumps, pumps need to be replaced.
• The strainer is the only part that is replaceable in the field.
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Replacement PumpsReplacement Pumps
• Best to replace like pump for like pump• Substitution is acceptable providing the pump
follows manufacturers suggestions.
• Best to replace like pump for like pump• Substitution is acceptable providing the pump
follows manufacturers suggestions.
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Replacement PumpsReplacement Pumps
• Watch for:– Rotation– RPM of Pump– Type of Mounting and size of shaft– Nozzle discharge port:
• Right or left
• Watch for:– Rotation– RPM of Pump– Type of Mounting and size of shaft– Nozzle discharge port:
• Right or left
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Replacement PumpsReplacement Pumps
• Shaft Sizes– 5/16”– 7/16”– Shims are available
• Shaft Sizes– 5/16”– 7/16”– Shims are available
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By-Pass PlugBy-Pass Plug
• When replacing a pump make sure plug is either installed or not installed.– One pipe - No Plug– Two Pipe - Plug
• Plug fits into the return line connection.
• When replacing a pump make sure plug is either installed or not installed.– One pipe - No Plug– Two Pipe - Plug
• Plug fits into the return line connection.
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Pump NoisePump Noise
• Pump noise indicates – Worn parts– Misalignment of coupling– Missing anti-hum device– Air in pump
• Pump noise indicates – Worn parts– Misalignment of coupling– Missing anti-hum device– Air in pump
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Oil Line NoiseOil Line Noise
• Oil Line noise indicates:– Improperly fastened lines– Check pump for missing anti-hum device– Sometimes noise on lines may be an oil check valve
starting to fail.
• Oil Line noise indicates:– Improperly fastened lines– Check pump for missing anti-hum device– Sometimes noise on lines may be an oil check valve
starting to fail.