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Information Society Approaches and ICT Processes (IFI8101)

Information Society – Development Trends

Peeter Normak

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Objective of the lecture

We attempt to answer the following questions:

1. What are the visions for the future of information society?

2. What are the most important strategies and programmes for realizing the visions?

3. What are the most widely used knowledge management frameworks, concepts and models?

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The structure of the lecture

Visions about the information society

Information society development strategies

Programmes

Knowledge management frameworks and models

Example: Future Internet

Enterprise Systems

Knowledge Creation Frameworks

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Visions about the information society

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Visioon 1: World Summit on the Information Society, 2003

Information Society – everyone can create, access, utilize and share information and knowledge, enabling individuals, communities and peoples to achieve their full potential in promoting their sustainable development and improving their quality of life, premised on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and respecting fully and upholding the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Science has a central role in the development of the Information Society.

Education, knowledge, ICT are at the core of human progress, endeavour and well-being.

Young people are the future workforce and leading creators and earliest adopters of ICTs. They must therefore be empowered as learners, developers, contributors, entrepreneurs and decision-makers.

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Vision 2: EU2020 Flagship initiatives 1)

• Digital agenda for Europe• Innovation Union• Youth on the move (education)• Resource efficient Europe• An industrial policy for the globalisation era• An agenda for new skills and jobs• European platform against poverty

1) Europe 2020. A European strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth

http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/europe-2020-in-a-nutshell/flagship-initiatives/index_en.htm

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Vision 2: Digital Agenda for Europe, 2010

The overall aim of the Digital Agenda is to deliver sustainable economic and social benefits from a digital single market based on fast and ultra fast internet and interoperable applications.

Work smarter is the only way to guarantee increasing standards of life for Europeans.

The creation of attractive online content and services and its free circulation inside the EU and across its borders are fundamental to stimulate the virtuous cycle of demand.

The deployment and take-up of faster networks in turn opens the way for innovative services exploiting higher speeds.

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0245:FIN:EN:PDF

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Vision 3: Estonian strategy SE21 - Estonia as a knowledge society

A big part of actors from different spheres of society will be engaged into a network-based decision-making mechanism, which increases participation and coherence. The use of new interactive media in recreation will increase.

Technological innovation is the key area of the knowledge society. Only the best information and communication technological environment makes the functioning of a knowledge society possible.

There is a danger of widening of the digital and cultural gap between different groups of population, the danger that the youth culture escaped into a passive virtual world and “the culture of the elderly” incapsulated into the traditional way of life may become marginalised in a society oriented to active participation and innovation.

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Vision 4: Estonian Information Society Development Plan 2020

Estonia uses maximally ICT smart solutions to increase

the quality of life and employment, to ensure the viability

of the Estonian cultural space, increase the productivity of

the economy and raise the efficiency of the public sector

– all this in partnership of public, private and third sector.

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Conclusion 1

The following keywords dominate in the vision of the information society:• High quality of life

• Individuals’ involvement in social life

• Supporting development of individuals and communities

• Science based

• Effective offering cross-border services

• Sustainable development of the state and economy

• What else?

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Information society development strategies

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Virtuous cycle of the digital economy (Digital Agenda for Europe)

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EU strategy: A Digital Agenda for Europe, 2010

The action areas:

1. A vibrant digital single market.

2. Interoperability and standards (EC White Paper “Modernising ICT Standardisation in the EU – The Way Forward” 1); EC communication “Towards interoperability for European public services” 2)).

3. Trust and security.

4. Fast and ultra fast internet access (EC communication “European Broadband: investing in digitally driven growth” 3)).

5. Research and innovation.

6. Enhancing digital literacy, skills and inclusion 4).

7. ICT-enabled benefits for EU society.

1) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2009:0324:FIN:EN:PDF2) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0744:FIN:EN:PDF3) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0472:FIN:EN:PDF

4) http://www.insead.edu/facultyresearch/centres/ecompetences/links/index.cfm

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Discussion

In what action area has your country the greatest potential to achieve success? •A vibrant digital single market.

•Interoperability and standards.

•Trust and security.

•Fast and ultra fast internet access.

•Research and innovation.

•Enhancing digital literacy, skills and inclusion.

•ICT-enabled benefits for EU society (sustainable development, e-health, digital media, e-governments, transportation systems).

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Example: EU action area – research and innovation

The main policy document: EC communication “Strategy for ICT R&D and Innovation in Europe: Raising the Game”, 2009 1).

The share of ICT in R&D: USA – 29%, EU – 17%.

The goals of Europe by 2020:• Europe has doubled its private and public investments in ICT R&D, doubled

venture capital investments in high-growth ICT SMEs and tripled its use of pre- commercial procurement in ICT;

• Europe has nurtured an additional five ICT poles of world-class excellence, measured by private and public investments in the pole;

• Europe has grown new innovative businesses in ICT so that 1/3 of all business expenditure in ICT R&D is invested by companies created within the last two decades;

• Europe's ICT sector supplies at least the equivalent of its share of the global ICT market.

1) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2009:0116:FIN:EN:PDF

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Examples of specific strategies

1. Learning, Innovation and ICT. Lessons learned by the ICT cluster Education & Training 2010 programme.1) Action areas:• Leadership and institutional change for a renewed strategy on learning

• Digital competences and transversal skills as core life and employability skills

• Towards a new learning paradigm

• Professional development – the teacher as learner at the centre

• Research on learning in a digital society

• Envisioning the future of learning in a digital society

2. European Strategy for a Better Internet for Children.1) Action areas:• High-quality content online for children and young people.• Stepping up awareness and empowerment.• Creating a safe environment for children online.• Fighting against child sexual abuse and child sexual exploitation.

1) http://www.kslll.net/documents/key%20lessons%20ict%20cluster%20final%20version.pdf2) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2012:0196:FIN:EN:PDF

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Sustainable Estonia 21 (SE21)

SE21: Estonian National Strategy on Sustainable Development until 2030.

Goals and the most important information society aspects:

1. Viability of the Estonian cultural space: An essential part of the Estonian culture has “moved to the virtual environment”.

2. Growth of welfare: Services will be both exported through the Internet or through their direct provision in the territory of other countries and provided in Estonia’s own territory..

3. Coherent society: Difficulties of the Estonian labour market in adapting to the new environment resulting from the EU labour division and development of information technology would be a threat.

4. Ecological balance: Cross-usable national registers of natural resources (incl. landscapes and objects of biological diversity) have been created by the year 2030 and the relevant statistics organised.

http://www.envir.ee/orb.aw/class=file/action=preview/id=166311/SE21_eng_web.pdf

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Estonian Reform Programme “ESTONIA 2020” 1)

18 priorities of government policy, including:

• The broader use of the potential of the creative industries, ICT and other key technologies for raising the value added of other sectors.

• Bringing transportation, ICT and other public infrastructure and institutions that support business to an international level.

• Increasing the international competitiveness of higher education: attracting talents to areas that are important for the Estonian economy or becoming more active in hiring foreign faculty members to work at Estonian institutions of higher education.

1) http://valitsus.ee/UserFiles/valitsus/en/government-office/growth-and-jobs/Estonia%202020%20in%202013/ENG%20national%20reform%20programme%20Estonia%202020.pdf

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Estonian Information Society Development Plan 2020

Examples of some important projects and initiatives:

•Superfast internet bases network is completed; at least 60% of households are using it.

•A Nordic Innovation Institute of e-government’s basic infrastructure will be established for joint development of X-road, e-identity, digital signature and other components.

•A virtual residency will be established – Estonia will issue a digital ID to non-residents allowing them to use Estonian e-services.

•A Global Information Society Think Tank will be established, for disseminating our experience in e-government and for dealing with the most important information society issues like internet freedom, privacy protection, etc.

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Conclusion 2

The smaller will be the scope of the information society

development strategy, the more focused it is:

•World: there is no world-wide strategy

•Europe: lists of action lines and underlying principles

•Estonia: concrete outcomes

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Information society development programmes

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ICT in Horizon 2020: The EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014-2020)1)

Work programmes for every two years. Examples from 2014-2015 WP2):

1. EINFRA 8-2015 - Research and Education Networking – GÉANT.

2. ICT 9 – 2014: Tools and Methods for Software Development.

3. ICT 20 – 2015: Technologies for better human learning and teaching.

4. ICT 21 – 2014: Advanced digital gaming/gamification technologies.

5. ICT 32 – 2014: Cybersecurity, Trustworthy ICT.

6. FoF 9 – 2015: ICT Innovation for Manufacturing SMEs (I4MS).

7. PHC 25 – 2015: Advanced ICT systems and services for Integrated Care.

8. PHC 34 – 2014: eHealth interoperability. 1) http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/area/ict-research-innovation

2) https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/sites/horizon2020/files/ICT%20in%20H2020%20WP2014-15_0.pdf

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Example:

Future Internet Enterprise Systems FInES.

Research Roadmap 2025*)

*) http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/enet/documents/fines-research-roadmap-v30_en.pdf

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FInES - general

FInES Research Roadmap 2025 that has been produced by the dedicated FInES Research Roadmap (FRR) Task Force established in 2010 within the FInES (Future Internet Enterprise Systems) Cluster.

Four knowledge spaces:

1.Socio-economic Space (context in which enterprises operate).

2.Enterprise Space (key characteristics of future enterprises).

3.Enterprise Systems, Platforms, and Applications Space (ICT solutions and socio-technical systems for supporting enterprises).

4.Enabling Technology Space (ICT solutions for development of FInES).

m

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FInES – The Knowledge Dimension

Research challenges:

1. Unified Digital Enterprise, a full digital image of the enterprise. For that purpose, an Enterprise Architectural Framework will be used as a reference in identifying different elements of an enterprise.

2. Linked Open Knowledge. In particular, it will be important to achieve a tight integration between ‘internal’ and ‘external’ knowledge.

3. Complex Systems Modelling (for modelling different sections of an enterprise).

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FInES – The Functional Dimension

Research challenges:

1.Innovation-oriented enterprise platform. Aims at supporting the everyday business activities and, in parallel, continuous improvement and innovation, based on 6 functional stages – Invent, Plan, Build, Operate, Manage & Monitor, Dismiss.

2.Unified Digital Enterprise (UDE) Management System. The distributed platform providing all the services required to create and maintain the UDE.

3.Cooperation and collaboration platforms. Includes services aimed at supporting a productive exchange of information, knowledge and services, among humans (cooperation, social computing), among computers (interoperability) and between the two (the evolution of human-computer interaction: HCI.

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FInES – The Engineering Dimension

Research challenges:

1. Proactive FInES Mashup. Includes organizational units and software components to be acquired and integrated in building a FInES.

2. Autonomic Computing Components and Subsystems. Relies on several pre-existing computing elements, including different service clouds that contain large choice of commoditized routine services.

3. Flexible Execution platforms. There will not be a unique ‘killer paradigm’ but rather a coexistence of federated platforms and solutions, from multi-agents platforms to rule-based and best practice systems, from business process engines, to traditional software packages.

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FInES – Some specific topics

• Augmented Reality

• Autonomic Objects and Networks

• Business-IT Misalignment

• Change Management

• Complex Event Processing

• Complexity Theory

• Creative Commons

• Crowdsourcing

• Enterprise Architectural Framework

• From Linked Open Data to Linked Open Knowledge

• Innovation & Continuous re-design

• Knowledge Mining

• Knowledge Pragmatics

• Knowledge Rendering

• Semantic Annotation and Filtering

• Semantic Interoperability

• Simulation and ‘What-If’ Systems

• Smart Objects Exploitation

• Social Computing

• System Mashup

• Virtual Reality

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Future Technologies for FInES

1. Future networking technologies.

2. Future Knowledge technologies.• Diffused Knowledge Repositories• From raw data to knowledge assets• Innovation-oriented knowledge assets

3. Future application technologies• Proactive and autonomic computing• From deterministic to fuzzy computing• Beyond system consistency• Governance application technologies• Top-down problems definition and bottom-up systems aggregation

4. Future computation and storage technologies

5. Future Natural Interaction

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Examples of other EU Information society programmes

1. Safer Internet Programme.

2. ICT Policy Support Programme1):• ICT for health, ageing and inclusion;

• Digital Libraries;

• ICT for improved public services;

• ICT for energy efficiency and smart mobility;

• Multilingual web and Internet evolution..

3. ICT in Lifelong Learning Programme.2)

4. ISA – Interoperability Solutions for European Public Administrations.1) http://ec.europa.eu/cip/ict-psp/index_en.htm

2) http://ec.europa.eu/education/lifelong-learning-programme/ict_en.htm

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Conclusion 3

Although there are only few programmes designed

specifically for development information society, it is

possible to execute projects that contribute to the

development of information society in the framework of

virtually any other programme.

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What are the possible knowledge creation frameworks, models and

conceptions?

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The conception of digital ecosystems

Definition. A digital ecosystem is a distributed, adaptive, open socio-technical system with properties of self-organisation, scalability and sustainability inspired from natural ecosystems.

Initially (2002) the concept was introduced in the context of business enterprises (the term “digital business ecosystems” was used), later the scope was expanded.

Peardrop. Synthesis Guide. Planning the Development of Digital Business Ecosystem (DBE) at regional level, 2008.

This conception can be considered in different application areas.

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Application in education

Digital learning ecosystems:

A distributed adaptive socio-technical system consisting of subjects of learning (learners, teachers, facilitators), digital learning artefacts (learning environments, learning tools, learning objects) and purposeful subject-subject and subject-artefact interactions.

R & D can be conducted on different levels and scope (layers), for example:1)Conceptual layer

2)Semantic layer

3)Architecture and integration layer

4)Human-Computer interaction layer

5)…

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Knowledge management framework for enterprises*

* Developed by OrganiK consortium (http://organik.opendfki.de, http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-333/saw4.pdf)** Enterprise Interoperability. Research Roadmap: “… the Web will in time become a basic building

block of future enterprises”.

InnovationManagement

Strategyadaptation

EnterpriseSocial Software

Semantic WebTechnologies**

KnowledgeManagementFramework

People-centredknowledgemanagementconceptualization

Technology-centredknowledge management conceptualization

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Nonaka&Takeuchi knowledge creation SECI model

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Dyna

mi

cs

bet

ween

knowl

edge

acqui

siti

on

and

creati

on

Knowledge acquisition prevails in static societies – knowledge of yesterday is applicable today and tomorrow.

Ability to create new knowledge is more important in dynamically evolving societies where the operating environment today differs from this of yesterday, and of tomorrow.

Important factor: consistency of the structures of learning and real life.

Cross (Internet Time Group). Informal Learning – the other 80%:

80% of time spent for learning takes place in school, 20% outside of school. From total knowledge and skills, a human uses in real life, 20% is acquired at school, and 80% outside of school.

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Generalisation to formal education

Bachelor

Master

PhD

Basic education

Formal studies

Knowledge and skills necessary for completinga task

Real life

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The key for success – problem solving skills

Josh Silverman (former CEO of Skype): development of problem solving skills should be the main task of schools.

Problems of today:1. Vaguely defined.2. Complex, solution requires

knowledge and skills in a variety of disciplines.

3. Dynamically changing requirements.

4. Prioritised differently by different parties.

Jaan Valsiner: Zone of Promoted Action, ZPA

Competencearea of an individual

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The general scheme of open thinking

Knowledge base

Wide context

Narrow context Inference rules Solution

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CBL as a tool for competence development

Community-based learning (CBL) is learning that connects individual learning with meaningful community involvement and experiences.

CBL is especially purposeful in cases requiring urgent solutions.

Some features of CBL:

•Learning is proactive – learner-centered, self-driven and problem-oriented.

•Learning is situational – learning and takes place in the same context as the acquired knowledge or skills are applied.

•Learning takes into account the experience of others, their success and failure.

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Example – community of practice

Community of practice (CoP) is a group of people who share a craft and/or a profession.

Rational Application Security Community of Practice1).Supports:• Creating new learning relationships• Instant and continuous productivity improvements• Access to relevant information to current challenges• Just-in-time guidance• Work on innovative projects with other passionate and smart people• Improve online reputation by providing recognized value to the peers.1) https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/mydeveloperworks/groups/service/html/

communityview?communityUuid=242fafe4-766c-4c93-bb7d-3d2a5ee1cbd6

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Conclusion 4

Ability to apply ICT tools effectively and

creatively for solving problems, possibly in

cooperation with the members of a wider

community would be one of the basic

prerequisites for success in information society.

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Ho

me

assi

gn

ments

1. Based on the first chapters of NETIS Course Book (until page 47) and the description of information society (pages 212-224) answer the following questions:

a) What aspects of information society is your research going to contribute at most.

b) Name five buzzwords or sub-fields from pages 212-213 that at most characterize your research.

2. Reed the publications marked red in the current presentation and formulate three sentences (words of wisdom) you find especially useful.

3. Start preparation of your seminar session.

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Next class:

Wednesday, 22.01 at 10.00

Topics:1.Software Appropriation (Arman Arakelyan).2.Free Software Strategies (Edmund Laugasson).

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Problems versus subjects

Mathematics

Chemistry

Physics

Native language

Foreign language

Geography

History

Crafts

. . .. . .

Probleem 1 Probleem 2 Probleem 3 Probleem 4