1 information technology for management hardware & software concepts
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Information Technology Information Technology for for
ManagementManagement
Hardware & Software Hardware & Software ConceptsConcepts
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Block Diagram of ComputerBlock Diagram of Computer
Processor
PrimaryStorage
SecondaryStorage
CommunicationsDevices
OutputDevices
Input Devices
Buses
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Secondary StorageSecondary Storage
Magnetic TapesMagnetic Tapes
Magnetic DisksMagnetic Disks Floppy Disks Hard Disks
Optical Laser Disks CD-ROMs
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Input DevicesInput Devices
On-line EntryOn-line Entry Keyboard Mouse Trackball
Joystick
Light pen
Touch screen
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DIRECT DATA ENTRYDIRECT DATA ENTRY (DDE)(DDE) Approaches For DDE
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) Bar Code Reader (BCR) Smart card
Image Processing Image Scanner
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MICR MICR
OMR Sheets& OMR OMR Sheets& OMR Bar Codes & Bar Code Reader Bar Codes & Bar Code Reader
OCR OCR
Image ScannerImage Scanner
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Output DevicesOutput Devices
Display Devices Monitor Liquid crystal display (LCD)
Printers Impact printers
Serial printers Dot Matrix Printer
Line printers Non-impact printers
Laser PrintersLaser Printers
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It consists of programs which enables a computer to perform specific tasks.
OROR The programs, procedures, algorithms (set of rules), and
their associated documentation, for a computer system.
The term broadly includes: Application softwareApplication software such as word processorsword processors which perform
productive tasks for users.
System softwareSystem software such as operating systemsoperating systems, which interface with hardware to run the necessary services for user-interfaces and applications
What is Software?What is Software?
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Office Automation helps in optimize or automate existing office functions.
All office functions, including dictation, typing, filing, copying, fax, Telex, microfilm and records management, telephone and telephone switchboard operations, fall
into this category.
Office AutomationOffice Automation
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Generate Microsoft Word documents or business forms from data stored in other applications such as Microsoft Access or Microsoft Excel
Generate presentations from external data
Automatically send emails to customers or groups in Microsoft Outlook
Maintain and organize data stored in Microsoft Excel or Microsoft Access
Examples of OA includeExamples of OA include
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System S/W vs. Application S/WSystem S/W vs. Application S/W
System S/W Application S/W
System Software comprises those programs that direct the computer in performing tasks that are basic to proper functioning of the proper functioning of the computer system.computer system.
Application software directs the computer in performing specific specific user-related data processinguser-related data processing tasks.tasks. Application programs fall in two categories viz., cross industry and industry specific.
It includesincludes:
(i) Assemblers and compliers,
(ii) Diagnostic routines,
(iii) Utility programs,
(iv) Supervisory programs, and
(v) Library of subroutines.
It IncludesIncludes::
(Industry Specific)
(i) Payroll,
(ii) General accounting,
(iii) Sales statistics, and
(iv) Inventory control etc.
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Relationships between User, Relationships between User, Software and HardwareSoftware and Hardware
HardwareHardware SystemSoftware
SystemSoftware
ApplicationSoftware
ApplicationSoftware
UserUser
Print on screen,Read keyboard entries,Write files on disk,...
Surf Web,Format document,Play games,...
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Hardware vs. SoftwareHardware is the physical physical componentcomponent of a computer system that you can see/touch/feel.see/touch/feel.
Software is the computer computer programprogram that operates on the hardware.
For instance, disks, disk drives, disks, disk drives, monitor, keyboards, printers, monitor, keyboards, printers,
boards, and chipsboards, and chips is the hardware.
On the other hand Internet Internet ExplorerExplorer is a software that you see displayed on the monitor