1 international telecommunication union overview of deliverable 3 methodology overview of results...

1International Telecommunication Union

Overview of Deliverable 3Overview of Deliverable 3

MethodologyMethodology

Overview of Results sessionTuesday 24 March 2009

Editor Group of Deliverable 3:

Yoh Somemura (NTT), ChairmanTakeshi Origuchi (NTT), Editor

Yong-Woon KIM (ETRI), Co-editor Gilbert Buty (Alcatel-Lucent), Co-editor

Didier Marquet (France Telecom), Co-editorWillem Vereecken, (Ghent University), Co-editor

Hans-Otto Scheck (Nokia Siemens Networks), Co-editor


Scope and Goal of Deliverable 3

The FG should develop a methodology to describe and estimate present and future user energy consumption of ICTs over their entire life-cycle.This should include:• a calculation methodology of energy consumption saved through ICT utilization;• the definition of basic units relevant to the cases considered; • the identification, gathering and processing of relevant parameters (e.g. user behavior);• the principles and tools to measure and evaluate the results;• a list of examples of the uses of how ICTs can replace or displace other energy-consuming technologies/uses;• analysis of existing standards and a proposal for development of new standards, if needed.

Terms of Reference concerning to Deliverable 3


Scope and Goal of Deliverable 3

Objective and Goal of D1 (C66 from WG-A Chairman)

Deliverable 3, Methodologies:The scope of this deliverable is to provide a methodology to evaluate the environmental impact of ICTs. By analyzing current methods of environmental assessment, minimum common characteristics among methods are clarified. Items outside the minimum characteristics are also taken into account to establish a common method for evaluating environmental impact of ICTs.

Direction of discussion: Clarification of methodology by analysing current methods of calculation and evaluation, with regard to standardisation of evaluation methodologies for environment impact of ICTs.


Table of Contents7.1 Scope7.2 Relevant metrics and Units7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment

7.3.1 Impact of own GHG emissions7.3.1.1 Measurement7.3.1.2 Quantification7.3.1.3 Reporting7.3.1.4 Validation7.3.1.5 Verification

7.3.2 Impact on other sectors7.3.2.1 Measurement7.3.2.2 Quantification7.3.2.3 Reporting7.3.2.4 Validation7.3.2.5 Verification

7.4 Impacts of ICTs on Climate Change7.4.1 ICT-sector GHG emission mitigation

7.4.1.1 Data servers and data centers7.4.1.2 Network equipment

7.4.2 Impact of ICT on other sectors7.4.2.1 Home appliances7.4.2.2 Post7.4.2.3 Transportation

7.5 Parameters potentially influencing adoption of ICT solutions



7.1 Scope

In this section, we describe the proposed methodology of the Focus Group. The methodologies cover the assessment of the green house gas (GHG) emission of the ICT sector over the entire life cycle of ICT devices. Additionally, we propose methods for increasing the efficiency of the ICT sector and reducing global GHG emission through the adoption of ICTs in other relevant sectors.


7.2 Relevant metrics and Units Power unit: 1 W = 1 kg m2 s-3

Energy unit: 1 J = 1 W.s 1 kWh= 3,600,000 J Mass unit: 1 kg or 1 t = 1,000 kg Volume unit: 1 m3 = 1,000 L

(1) Calculate energy consumption reduction through the use of ICTs

(2) Convert into CO2 emissions reduction

Use CO2 emission intensity reflecting the situation in each country.


7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment

ICT Society(international/

national/regional level)

ICT Society(international/

national/regional level)

ICT equipmentsICT equipments

ICT services/solutionsICT services/solutions

SMART2020 DTR/EE-00008 (liaised by ETSI-TB-EE)

LCA of ServicesE.g. Direct & indirect impact of Video-conference

LCA of Products Available to perform LCA

Relatively available to perform LCA

Hard to perform LCAMacroscopic Analysis(Input/Output Table analysis) is useful.

LCA is useful to analyze

Layers

Network (NW) InfrastructuresNetwork (NW) InfrastructuresAvailable to perform LCA(Necessity to make model)(Difficulty from Allocation)LCA of Products composed

C43 (Fixed line), C44 (Mobile NW)


7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment7.3.1 Impact of own GHG emissions

7.3.1.2 Quantification LCA require to set

Functional Unit System boundary Allocation procedure

LAN switch

Router

LAN switch

Router

DSU

Subscriber module DSLAM OLT

ONUADSL modem

PC PC PC

Access network equipment

Subscriber station

Transfer facility

Internet Service Provider

ISDN ADSL FTTH

Boundary for evaluation

Metallic cable Metallic cable Optical cable

LAN switch

Router

LAN switch

Router

DSU

Subscriber module DSLAM OLT

ONUADSL modem

PCPC PCPC PCPC

Access network equipment

Subscriber station

Transfer facility

Internet Service Provider

ISDN ADSL FTTH

Boundary for evaluation

Metallic cable Metallic cable Optical cable

Case study: LCA of Wired NetworkCase study: LCA of Wired Network

-20.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

ISDN ADSL FTTHCO

2 em

issi

ons

[kg-

CO

2/ye

ar/s

ubsc

ribe

r]

Disposal/recycling

Use

Production

Recovery by recycling


7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment7.3.1 Impact of own GHG emissions

7.3.1.2 Quantification LCA require to set

Functional Unit System boundary Allocation procedure

Case study: LCA of Wireless NetworkCase study: LCA of Wireless Network

LS GS TS GS LS

BSMS

CiRCUS

Voice call / videophone

Email

Core network

Tokyo NiigataWPCGWPCG

BS MS

LS GS TS GS LS

BSMS

CiRCUS

Voice call / videophone

Email

Core network

Tokyo NiigataWPCGWPCG

BS MS

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CO

2 em

issi

ons

[kg-

CO

2/ye

ar/s

ubsc

ribe

r] Use

Production

Disposal/ recycling

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion[

GJ/

year

/sub

scri

ber]

Use

Production

Disposal/ recycling


7.3 Methodologies for ICT impact assessment7.3.2 Impact on other sectors

7.3.2.2 Quantification(1) Consumption of goods (paper, CDs, DVDs, etc.)(Energy reduction) = (Energy consumption to produce one unit of the product) (Amount reduced)(E.g., Reduction of paper: (Energy to produce paper (A4 size, 1 sheet) (J)) (Quantity reduced (Sheets))(2) Power consumption/energy consumption (electricity, gasoline, kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, town gas, etc.) (Energy reduction) = (Unit energy consumption for each type of fuel) (Fuel consumption reduced)(E.g., Reduction of heavy oil: (Energy per litre of heavy oil (J)) (Fuel reduced (L))(3) Movement of people (cars, buses, rail, aircraft, etc.) (Energy reduction) = (Unit energy consumption per traffic volume (passenger-km) for each transportation means) × (Transportation distance reduced (km)) (Number of passengers transported (passenger))(E.g., Reduction of railroad transportation: (Energy consumption per passenger-km (J)) (Transportation distance reduced (km)) (Number of transported passengers reduced (passenger))(4) Movement of goods (mail, trucks, rail cargo, cargo ships, etc.)(Energy reduction) = (Unit energy consumption for each transportation means (J)) (Transportation distance reduced (km)) (E.g., Reduction of the number of mails: (Energy consumption per mail (J)) (Number of mails reduced (mail)) Reduction of truck transportation: (Energy consumption per ton-km (J)) (Transportation distance reduced (km)) (Cargo weight reduced (t))



7.3.2.2 Quantification(5) Improved efficiency of office space (electricity, office area, etc.)(Energy reduction) = (Unit energy consumption) (Amount reduced)(E.g., Reduction of office floor area: (Energy consumption per m2 (J)) (Area reduced (m2))(6) Storage of goods (electricity, warehouse area, etc.)(Energy reduction) = (Unit energy consumption) (Amount reduced)(E.g., Reduction of warehouse area: (Energy consumption per m2 (J)) (Area reduced (m2))(7) Improved work efficiency (workload etc.)(Energy reduction) = (Energy consumption per m2 of office (J)) (Area used per person (m2)) (Workload improved (person-year))(8) Waste (Wastepaper, garbage, plastic, industrial wastes, etc.)(Energy reduction) = (Unit energy consumption for each type of waste) (Amount reduced)(E.g., Reduction of wastepaper: (Energy consumption to dispose of 1 kg of wastepaper (J)) (Amount reduced (kg))



7.3.2.2 Quantification

Typical CO2 emissions per unit area of office space

Japan USA


Operation A1Operational consumption

Investmentconsumption

Sub-system 1

...

Operation B1

DataElectricity

Voice

One end user

Computer

Phone+

AccessElectricity

Transfer

Network

Electricity

ONT…

Fiber…

ProcessingElectricity

Protection

Data center

Electricity

Servers

Firewall…

Example: teleserviceGeneric service

End service or product

ElectricityInvestment

+

Operation AnOperational Investment

Sub-system n

Operation Bn

+Investment

One hour of teleservice per user

Operational

Operational

Sub service


7.3.2.3 Reporting



7.3.2.3 Reporting

Comparison of consumptions in primary energy between CN teleservice and travel depending on distance.

Case study: Cooperative teleservice (CN)Case study: Cooperative teleservice (CN)


Video conference held between Tokyo and Yokohama, once a week (48 times / year), one hour each time, participated in by two people from each office

Video conference held between Tokyo and Yokohama, every working day (240 times / year), eight hours each time, participated in by two people from each office

Evaluation Result

0

5

10

15

20

25

Conference on a trip Video conferenceEner

gy C

onsu

mpt

ion(

GJ/

year

)

DisposalUseProduction

Evaluation Result

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5

Conference on a trip Video conferenceEner

gy C

onsu

mpt

ion(

GJ/

year

)

DisposalUseProduction

Reduction of 53% (91%) Reduction of 52% (59%)


7.3.2.3 Reporting

Case study: Video conference (Teleconference)Case study: Video conference (Teleconference)


7.4 Impacts of ICTs on Climate Change7.4.1 ICT-sector GHG emission mitigation

7.4.1.1 Data servers and data centers

Fans, 4%

Air-conditioning, 44% Reduction of Power Usage by IT Devices Themselves

Reduction of Power Usage by Auxiliary Facilities

Power Supplies, 13%

CPU, Memory, and HDD, 32%

UPS Power Distributions,

7%

PUE(Power usage effectiveness)

=Total facility power consumption

ICT equipment power consumption

DCD(Data center density)

=

Power consumption of all equipment on free-access floor of a data centre

Area of free-access floor

Environmental Impact Basic Unit for ASP/SaaS Services= GHG Emissions (or Power Consumption) per Unit of ASP/SaaS Service (Annual GHG Emissions (or Power Consumption) from the Target Service)

(Annual Service Supply)=


7.4 Impacts of ICTs on Climate Change7.4.2 Impact of ICT on other sectors

7.4.2.2 Post

Case-study: Case-study: Comparison of GHG emissions of postal mail and e-mail servicesComparison of GHG emissions of postal mail and e-mail services

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