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Internet Research Challenges

Vint Cerf

April 2007

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Internet Evangelist

at Work

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Internet - Global Statistics

(approx. 3.6 Billion Telephone Terminations including 2.5 B mobiles and 1 Billion PCs [Comp. Industries Assoc.])

22.5 Million Hosts (Bellcore June 1997)

50 Million Users (NUA Jul 1997)

395 Million Hosts

(ISC Jan 2006)

1,093.5 Million Users(InternetWorldStats.com

Jan 11, 2007)

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360#3

UCSBPDP10

940

#2SRI

#4UTAH

#1UCLA

Sigma7

The Original ARPANET

Dec 1969

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Internet 1999

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Internet Penetration Jan 2007

Asia 389.4 M

No. Amer. 232.1M

Europe 312.7 M

Latin Am 88.8 M

Africa 32.8 M

Mid-east 19.4 M

Oceania/AU 18.4 M

Total 1,093.5 M

Source http://www.internetworldstats.com/

No. AM

EuropeAsia

Latin AmAfricaMid East Oceania

16.6% total penetration

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Technology Shapers

• Internet uses any communication service (IP on everything!)

• IP carries anything digital

• End/End Principle (neutrality and user freedom)

• Radio supplies mobility

• Fiber/Cable/DSL supplies speed

• IPv6 supplies address space

• Broadband (choice, symmetry)

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Socio-Economic Effects of Internet

Information Consumers are becoming Producers

Democratic access to the world’s information

“Internet is for Everyone” – Internet Society

New educational alternatives and outlets

New business models (value add)

Risk factors (spam, viruses/worms, social abuse, misinformation, fraud)

Innovation at the edge

Localization (information, interfaces, cultural styles)

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Mobility and Mobiles

• 2.5 Billion Mobiles and counting

• Short Message Systems

• Payment systems

• Innovative interfaces (challenges!)

• Navigation systems– GPS, Galileo, Google Earth/Maps,…

• Geo-location based services

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Google Book SearchGoogle

Book Search

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Copyright, Fair Use, Distribution

Is indexing a new fair use of book content? The debate continues.

Lessig and the Creative Commons

Self-publishing by authors (books, music, video)

Bit Torrent, Napster, KaZaa, etc.

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Internet-enabled Devices

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Internet-enabled Devices

Programmable – Java, Python, etc.

Examples:

• WebTV, Personal Digital Assistants, Mobiles,Video games, Picture Frames, Washing Machines, Surf Board!

• Refrigerator (and the bathroom scales)

• Automobiles (Japan, Germany)

• Internet-enabled wine corks (also note new quantum theory of wine: Schrödinger’s wine bottle)

• Internet-enabled socks (clothing)

• Universal Remote Controls

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New User-Oriented Paradigms

User-centric services

• Search, discover, transact

• Announce, share, collaborate, produce

• Self-service

Amazon, Fedex, Tivo, Instant Messaging, GPS Navigators, virtual visits to homes and museums, image and video sharing

• Users are now simultaneously producers and consumers of content – NEW!

• Communities of interest a major theme (MySpace, FaceBook, Orkut, GoogleGroups, World of Warcraft, SecondLife, …)

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Network Design Perspectives

Enterprise VPN

• Corporate servers/lans

• Suppliers and customers

• Traveling employees (see consumer)

• Mobiles and PDAs

Consumer

• @work, @home, @hotel, @airport, @customer

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Internet Research Problems

Security at all levels

Internet “Erlang” formulas

QOS debates (smart routers?)

Internationalized Domain Names (ccTLDs & GTLDs)

Distributed Algorithms

Presence (multi-level)

Mobility, persistence (processes, connections)

Multihoming

Multipath routing

Broadcast utilization

Mesh and Sensor networks

Scaling (of everything) – IPv6

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Security

Are there holes in this operating system?

Does this router have vulnerabilities?

Can this network be used to attack itself?

auto-immune distributed, reflective denial of service

Is this a bogus packet (e.g. fake source address)?

Is this routing table update/advertisement legitimate?

Is this domain name entry valid? (Phishing/Pharming)

Is this a bad configuration?

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Information management

Semantic Networking

automatic tagging, improved indexing and relevance

Modal indexing (video, audio, text)

Time and Location as organizing paradigms for data

Are there other semantic organizing principles?

What to do about Information decay?

is it like fighting tooth decay?

need to preserve bits, software, OS and hardware?

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New Application Challenges

IPTV and effects of Symmetric Broadband

vPOD practices

Dynamic and interactive advertising

Merging of Virtual and Real Environments

linking of real instruments to virtual spaces

advertising in virtual environments

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InterPlaNetary Internet

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2003-2004 Missions to Mars

Spirit

• launched 6/10/2003

• arrived Jan 4, 2004

• Gusev Crater in Gusev Plain

Opportunity

• Launched 7/7/2003

• arrived Jan 25, 2004

• Meridiani Planum

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Mars Orbiters

Mars Odyssey (NASA)

Mars Express (European Space Agency)

Mars Global Surveyor (NASA)

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (NASA)

Mars Odyssey relays 95% of all data from Spirit and Opportunity

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Interplanetary Internet:“InterPlaNet” (IPN)

•Planetary internets

•Interplanetary Gateways

•Interplanetary Long-Haul Protocol

•Delayed Binding of Identifiers

•Email-like behavior

•TDRSS and NASA in-space routing

•Delay and Disruption Tolerant Protocols– Tactical Mobile applications (DARPA)

– Civilian Mobile applications (SameNet!)

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•End-to-end information flow across the solar system

•Layered architecture for evolvability and interoperability

•IP-like protocol suite tailored to operate over long round trip light times

•Integrated communications and navigation services