1 intro ontologies

8/9/2019 1 Intro Ontologies

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Object Modeling in

Social ScienceCSS 605


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Course Mechanics

Weekly meetings - Thursdays, 4:30pm, Innovation

Hall 333

Office Hours: Thursdays, 3pm - 4:30 pm or by

appointment

find me at... [email protected], 703-993-1405

Website/blog: www.css.gmu.edu/cms


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Course Format

Le ture + ra ti al la sessio s + lots of

ro rammi

ee l i - lass a omewor exer ises; mostl

ro rammi a ma i U L ia rams

Fi al roje t

a e- ome exam


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Soft are

Java Development Environment (JDK) 1.4 and

better

Eclipse integrated development environment (IDE)


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Ask Shakespeare...

In Troilus and Cressida

And in such indexes (although small pricks

To their subsequent volumes) there is seen

The baby figure of the giant mass

Of things to come at large


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What is ontology?

Ontology = SystematicAccount of Existence

Specification of a conceptualization


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Truth


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Sky is Blue


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F = ma

E= mc2


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a ure an a ure s awslay hid innight;

God said, LetNewtonbe!

and all was lightALEXANDER POPE


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a ure an a ure s awslay hid innight;

God said, LetNewtonbe!

and all was light

J. C. SQ IRE (ALSO ATTR. TO SIR

ARTH R EDDINGTON)

But it did not last:

the Devil, howling Ho!Let Einstein be!,

restored the status quo


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TotafotTotafot

(c. 1100 C.E.(c. 1100 C.E. -- 13001300C.E.)C.E.)

MishnahMishnah

(c. 200(c. 200--400 C.E)400 C.E)

RashiRashi

(c. 1040 C.E.)(c. 1040 C.E.)

Ein MishpatEin Mishpat

(c. 1546 C.E.)(c. 1546 C.E.)

CrossCross--ReferencesReferences

(16th cent.)(16th cent.)

GlossesGlosses


GlossesGlosses



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Truth

is product of convergenceof individual vie points

distributed in timeand space


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Peer Revie


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Ta onomy

Ahierarchical structure

Meaning of the structure:

decended from... (instanceOf)

is a kind of... (isA)


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E ercise...

Lets build a ta onomy of government structures

through history

use descendedFrom operator


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Objects in CSS

Learning ho to think in terms of objects and

ontologies for doing CSS is as fundamental as

learning ho to think in terms of variables for doing

traditional statistical or mathematical social science


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Ontology vs. Ta onomy

Ta onomies are strictly hierarchical Tree

structures

Ontologies have no enforced structure

Ta onomies have a single derivation operator

(descendedFrom, instanceOf)

Ontologies have multiple operators such as has,

produces, fatherOf, motherOf, etc.


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Stat models

Stat models flatten data representation into tables:

ID unprotected_se AIDS

Joe yes yes

Sally yes no

Alice no no

Mike yes yes

Lenny yes yes


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The orld is more

comple ...


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Even more interesting...

You must to learn to think in terms of events to

ork ith probability, other ise you ill notunderstand a probability model (or hat probability

means, for that matter)

You need to think in terms of players, strategies,

outcomes, payoffs, and preferences, in order to dogame theory


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E ercise

Lets start building an ontology...

Describe a feudal kingdom


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In this class...

We ill build, test and study a real CSS model

SimPol - simple polity


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SimPol - First Glance

The polity of any society is the system that solves

public collective action problems through

government processes and institutions

by contrast, an economy refers to the system

and processes involving resources and

production

Real- orld polities vary greatly in degrees of

comple ity, as do economies and other social

systems


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Regardless of its comple ity, a polity ill al ays

have the same basic structures and functions of

government, namely:

A populus consisting of people and groups;

A system of government ith processes and

institutions;

An environment that produces occasional public

issues requiring collective action or

governmental intervention


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And then e make

things interesting...

During the course, each of you shall develop aversion of the SimPol model

About mid-semester, e ill add FOREIGN

POLICY to the mi


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Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

Each polity has a set of neighborsEach polity has a set of neighbors

Deal ith neighbors:Deal ith neighbors:

Trade ithTrade ith

AttackAttack

Negotiate a peaceNegotiate a peace

IsolateIsolate


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Final ProjectFinal Project

Model a foreign policy of your choice ithin yourModel a foreign policy of your choice ithin your

SimPol modelSimPol model

Then, set your agents upon each other and battleThen, set your agents upon each other and battle

till death! :till death! :--))

CSS version of the RoboCupCSS version of the RoboCup

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