1 introduction to optical technology
TRANSCRIPT
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Agenda
WDM
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:
: (), ,
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=
sin/sin=n=n2/n1
n1
=c/v1
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:
:
(LED, )
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LED (light emitting diod):
:
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(dBm, dB)
dBm (decibel miliwatt)
dBm = 10 log10(mW)
0 dBm = 1 mW
3 dBm = 2 mW
10 dBm = 10 mW
-3 dBm = 0.5 mW
-6 dBm = 0.25 mW
etc.
dB (decibel)
dB= log10(Pout/Pin)
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250m
125m
10m
(SiO2) (/ ) ,
, (
) (n)
n = c/v, n ~ 1.46 (SiO2), n() > n(), < 1% : 5 sec/km
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(),
n2n2
n1n1
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PMD (Polarization Mode Dispersion)
FWM (Four Wave Mixing) Self-phase modulation (SPM)
Cross-phase modulation (CPM)
Stimulated Brilloun scattering (SBS)
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)
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0 0
00
0
0 0
0
0
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
11
- ,
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2 :
: . ( OH).
: . ,
.
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800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
OH- OH-
(nm) (nm)
0.2 dB/Km
0.5 dB/Km
2.0 dB/Km
(dB)/km vs. (dB)/km vs.
S-Band:14601530nmS-Band:14601530nm
L-Band:15651625nmL-Band:15651625nm
C-Band:15301565nmC-Band:15301565nm
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(CD)
,
( ps/nm.km),
:
Bit 1 Bit 2Bit 1 Bit 2Bit 1 Bit 2
Bit 1 Bit 2Bit 1 Bit 2
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CD
0 km0 km50 km50 km 70 km70 km
10 Gbit/s10 Gbit/s
1.25 Gbit/s1.25 Gbit/s
0 km 50 km 60 km 70 km 100 km
(Bit rate)
2
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(PMD)
PMD
; 10Gb/s
:
, 2 ( x y) ( x y
nx
nyEx
Ey
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PMD
10 Gbit/s10 Gbit/s
1.25 Gbit/s1.25 Gbit/s
0 ps 40 ps 60 ps 80 ps 125 ps
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Four Wave Mixing
FWM WDM;
; ; WDM
fijk - fi = fj - fk (i,j k)
1 2 3
f113f113 f112f112
f123f123
f213f213
f223f223 f132f132
f312f312f221f221 f332f332
f321f321
f231f231
f331f331
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FWM
FWM -
(DSF, G.653) FWM
FWM
FWM,
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(3R)
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(G.652) >95%
(G.653) (G.655)
dB/km ps
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WDM
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vs.
- ( 1000BaseZX, 10GBaseZR ..)
- ? TDM (SDH, EoSDH, FCoSDH) ( ITU)
- CWDM 20 nm ( 8 16 )
- DWDM 200 GHz, 100 GHz 50 Ghz
- WWDM
ITU DWDM: 1000 GHz (8 nm 1550 nm)
CWDM: 1000 GHz (8 nm 1550 nm) , 50 nm
WWDM: 50 nm ( 1310 1550)
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(Band)
(nm)
O 1260 1360
E 1360 1460
S 1460 1530
C 1530 1565
L 1565 1625
U 1625 1675
, .
DWDM C-
- (EDFA).
CWDM S, C L.
ITU-T xWDM
G.694.1 DWDM, S, C L.
G.694.2 CWDM, O, E, S, C L.
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WDM
GE
FC
SDH
ITU-T CWDM DWDM
-
WDMMux
()
WDMMux
() OAOA
GBIC/SFP/XENPAK
OAOA
GBIC/SFP/XENPAK
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WDM
MM/SM850nm/1310nm
GE
ESCON/
FC
ATM
ITU-T CWDM DWDM
WDMMux
(Filter)
WDMMux
(Filter) OAOA
OEO
OEO
OEO
OAOA
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WDM
2RRegenerate and Reshape
3RRegenerate, Reshape and Retime
(1550nm SM
310nm SM MM
850nm MM)
WDM
(1550nm
ITU)Electrical Domain(Protocol) Performance
MonitoringRedundancy Control,
FEC/EFEC, OFC,
Optical OpticalElectrical
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1310 nm
1550 nm -
DWDM LaserDistributed Feedback (DFB)
Non DWDM LaserFabry-Perot
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(laser chirp)
Metro WDM 2.5 Gbit/s
( chirp)
Metro WDM 2.5 10 Gbit/s
LH WDM (2.5 10 Gbit/s)
Iin
DC Iin
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:
2 @ 100GHz
4 @ 100GHz
(C L) 80 @ 50GHz
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WDM
100 GHz ( 0.8 nm)
50 GHz 200 GHz
25 GHz
ITU-T G.694.1 DWDM G.694.2 CWDM
NRZ
ODB , ( 40Gbps 50 GHz CD (Half=0, Full or Zero=1)
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:
:
P-I-N
Avalanche (, )
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G.709
OTN ITU WDM,
Digital wrapper FEC
3825
4080
1 7 8 14
15
16
17
3824
1
2
3
4
OPU kPayload
OPUk
OH
OPUkOptical Channel Payload Unit
ODUk
ODUkOptical Channel Data Unit
OPUk
OTUkFEC
OTUkOH
OTUkOptical Channel Transport Unit
Alignm
Alignment
k:
1 2.5G
2 10G3 40G
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WDM
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WDM
:
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mux/demux vs. OADM
mux/demux
Optical add/drop multiplexer(OADM)
/,
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WDM
( ):
EDFA: Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (15301565 nm)
GS-EDFA: Gain-shifted EDFA (15701610 nm)
EDTFA: Tellurium-based gain-shifted TDFA (15301610 nm)
GS-TDFA: Gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifier (14901530 nm)
TDFA: Thulium-doped fluoride-based fiber amplifier (14501490 nm)
RFA: Raman fiber amplifier (14201620 nm or more)
: EDFA, RFA
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Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier
:
.
(Coupler)
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EDFA
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EDFA
Booster (Post) amplifier: ( )
Pre-amplifier: (
NF, , ) Line amplifier: , pre-
metro- Post, Line Preamp,
EDFA ,
OADM
Pre AmpPre Amp
OADM
BoosterBooster Line AmpLine Amp
OSNR
OSNR
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~20dB
,
100mW+
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WDM DCU
:
DC
CD ,
100%
DCF
DC
DCM
, -
,
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DCF
:
;
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(DCF)
Signal INSignal IN Signal OUTSignal OUT
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