1.1. Jacques-Louis Jacques-Louis DavidDavid

2.2. Joseph Mallord Joseph Mallord William TurnerWilliam Turner

3.3. Claude MonetClaude Monet4.4. Vincent van GoghVincent van Gogh5.5. Pablo PicassoPablo Picasso

a)a) PostimpressionismPostimpressionismb)b) ClassicismClassicismc)c) CubismCubismd)d) RomanticismRomanticisme)e) ImpressionismImpressionism

Warm-up: Warm-up: Artist MatchupArtist Matchup

Part 5: CulturePart 5: Culture

RomanticismRomanticism

RealismRealism

ImpressionismImpressionism

RomanticismRomanticism►Emphasis on feelings, Emphasis on feelings,

emotion, and emotion, and imagination as sources imagination as sources of knowingof knowing

►Valued individualism Valued individualism and uniqueness of a and uniqueness of a personperson

►Revived medieval Revived medieval architecturearchitecture

►Attracted to the exotic Attracted to the exotic and unfamiliarand unfamiliar

Romantic Authors, Romantic Authors, Painters & MusiciansPainters & Musicians

►Mary Shelley (A)Mary Shelley (A)►Edgar Allan Poe (A)Edgar Allan Poe (A)►Eugene Delacroix (P)Eugene Delacroix (P)►Ludwig von Beethoven (M)Ludwig von Beethoven (M)

Romantic Authors, Painters & MusiciansRomantic Authors, Painters & Musicians

►Romantics viewed poetry Romantics viewed poetry as a direct expression of as a direct expression of the soulthe soul

►Love of natureLove of nature►Art was a reflection of Art was a reflection of

artist’s inner feelingsartist’s inner feelings►Delacroix expressed Delacroix expressed

exotic and passionate exotic and passionate colorscolors

►Beethoven’s music Beethoven’s music reflected his deepest reflected his deepest inner feelingsinner feelings

A New Age of ScienceA New Age of Science► New material benefits, often New material benefits, often

provided by science and provided by science and technology, led Europeans to technology, led Europeans to have more faith in sciencehave more faith in science Louis Pasteur: proposed the germ Louis Pasteur: proposed the germ

theory of diseasetheory of disease Charles Darwin: published On the Charles Darwin: published On the

Origin of Species by Means of Origin of Species by Means of Natural SelectionNatural Selection

► Natural Selection – Survival of the fittestNatural Selection – Survival of the fittest► Some people objected – What about Some people objected – What about

moral values, where do they fit in?moral values, where do they fit in?► Some people objected because they felt Some people objected because they felt

his theories denied God’s role in his theories denied God’s role in creationcreation

Microbiologist – invented pasteurization

Naturalist – Scientific Theory of Evolution

RealismRealism►Belief that the Belief that the

world should be world should be viewed realisticallyviewed realistically

►Literary and Artistic Literary and Artistic movements movements developdevelop Rejected Rejected

romanticismromanticism Wanted to write Wanted to write

about the ordinary about the ordinary life and social life and social issuesissues

Charles Dickens (A) – Tale of Two Cities, Oliver Twist, Great Expectation, Christmas Carol

Gustave Courbet (P) – Self Portrait

New Forms of LeisureNew Forms of Leisure►Amusement ParksAmusement Parks

Ferris Wheel and Roller Ferris Wheel and Roller CoasterCoaster

►Organized SportsOrganized Sports 1860s: Firefighters and 1860s: Firefighters and

Policemen formed Policemen formed Baseball Clubs Baseball Clubs

►Dance HallsDance Halls►MoviesMovies

Nickelodeons (short Nickelodeons (short movies for 5¢)movies for 5¢) 1st organized team, New York Knickerbockers, founded

by Alexander Cartwright

1st Ferris Wheel showcased at the 1893 Chicago World’s

Fair

Revolution in the Arts & SciencesRevolution in the Arts & Sciences►New Physics: Albert Einstein’s New Physics: Albert Einstein’s

Theory of RelativityTheory of Relativity►Marie Curie: discovered radium as a Marie Curie: discovered radium as a

source of energy (used in the source of energy (used in the treatment of cancers)treatment of cancers)

►Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis Therapist would use the patient’s Therapist would use the patient’s

unconscious thoughts (repressed) to unconscious thoughts (repressed) to heal the conscious mind (unrepressed)heal the conscious mind (unrepressed)

““Freudian Slip”: saying what your Freudian Slip”: saying what your thinking that your not sayingthinking that your not saying

►Social Darwinism: survival of the fittest is Social Darwinism: survival of the fittest is now used in business and nationalismnow used in business and nationalism Example: some Germans believed they Example: some Germans believed they

were the only pure successors of the Aryanswere the only pure successors of the Aryans Nationalist feelings led to Anti-Semitist Nationalist feelings led to Anti-Semitist

movementmovement►Hostility and discrimination against JewsHostility and discrimination against Jews►Pogroms: organized massacres Pogroms: organized massacres

Revolution in the Arts & SciencesRevolution in the Arts & Sciences

““Modern” CultureModern” Culture►Literature: explored issues Literature: explored issues

such as the role of women in such as the role of women in society, alcoholism, and the society, alcoholism, and the problems of urban slumsproblems of urban slums

►Painting: Impressionism (un-Painting: Impressionism (un-realism) emerges with the realism) emerges with the invention of photographyinvention of photography Monet, van Gogh, Picasso, etc.Monet, van Gogh, Picasso, etc.

►Architecture: became Architecture: became functionalfunctional Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright

Renoir

Monet

Vincent van Gogh