1 january 2012 to 29 september 2012...results to further develop methodology for customizing...

AQUAFISH COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM

ANNUAL WORK PLAN

for the transition period

1 JANUARY 2012 TO 29 SEPTEMBER 2012

AquaFish CRSP Oregon State University

418 Snell Hall Corvallis, OR 97331-1643 USA

Program activities are funded in part by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under CA/LWA No. EPP-A-00-06-00012-00 and by participating US and Host Country institutions.

AquaFish CRSP Management Entity Oregon State University

418 Snell Hall s Corvallis, Oregon 97331-1643s USA

AQUAFISH CRSP ANNUAL WORK PLAN: 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1

GOAL & PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................... 1 ANNUAL WORK PLAN OBJECTIVES ................................................................................. 2

I. RESEARCH PROJECT INVESTIGATIONS ................................................................................................. 2 II. COMMUNICATING IMPACT AND RESULTS .......................................................................................... 4 III. CAPACITY BUILDING AND OUTREACH ............................................................................................... 4

APPENDIX 1: APPROVED TRAVEL ..................................................................................... 5 APPENDIX 2: PUBLICATIONS IN PROCESS ..................................................................... 8


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INTRODUCTION Stopping the unsustainable exploitation of water resources by developing water management strategies at regional, local, and national levels and promoting equitable access is part of the Millenium Declaration. It is also a guiding principal of the Aquaculture & Fisheries (AquaFish) CRSP, led by Oregon State University. Giving the poor better access to well managed water resources can help eradicate poverty. USAID recognizes the impact poverty has on livelihoods, health, and ecosystems in their strategies and goals. Oregon State University is responding with a program that addresses USAID’s goals and helps reduce gnawing development problems that keep the poor poor. Oregon State University’s overall management vision for AquaFish CRSP is to create global partnerships that develop sustainable solutions in aquaculture and fisheries for improving health, building wealth, conserving natural environments for future generations, and strengthening poorer societies’ ability to self-govern in a way that respects the sanctity of all. Great progress has been made over the past twenty years in increasing fish production through aquaculture, yet challenges still face the sector in terms of pressures from global trade, environmental impacts, water use conflicts, and distribution of and access to benefits. The capture fisheries sector, which supplies the major share of the world’s fishery products, is also experiencing great challenges that must be overcome for the sustainable management of fish stocks and livelihood security of fishing communities. The AquaFish CRSP is focusing its resources from the Leader Award on aquaculture and the nexus between aquaculture and fisheries by targeting high priority constraints facing poorer countries. The proposed global portfolio is framed around ten topic areas that each target one or more of USAID’s focal areas for development results: Improved Health and Nutrition, Food Quality, and Food Safety of Fishery Products; Income Generation for Small-Scale Fishers and Farmers; Environmental Management for Sustainable Aquatic Resource Use; and Enhanced Trade Opportunities for Global Fishery Markets. Proposed areas of inquiry address critical constraints and emerging issues, for which AquaFish CRSP can build synergies and avoid duplication with other development efforts.

GOAL & PURPOSE The USAID (May 2006, RFA) goal for the AquaFish CRSP is:

to develop more comprehensive, sustainable, ecological and socially compatible, and economically viable aquaculture systems and innovative fisheries management systems in developing countries that contribute to poverty alleviation and food security.

The overall research context for the projects described in this Work Plan is poverty alleviation and food security improvement through sustainable aquaculture development and aquatic resources management.


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ANNUAL WORK PLAN OBJECTIVES The following activities will be undertaken during the transitional 6th year extension ending 29 September 2012. Activities encompass work under Addendum 3 of the AquaFish CRSP Implementation Plan 2009–2011. For pre-authorized travel during this period, see Appendix 1. In September 2011, AquaFish CRSP was granted a no-cost extension on its current program of research through 29 September 2012. In May 2012, $1,900,000 was awarded from USAID with no additional time extension1.

I. RESEARCH PROJECT INVESTIGATIONS

This Annual Work Plan includes the continuation of investigations for each of the seven core research projects in areas that include experimental pond unit assessment and value chain analysis. Projects are also continuing on air breathing fish species as candidates for aquaculture and capacity building through training-of-trainers in Africa. VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS CRSP researchers in each project are evaluating the value chain for one aquatic species in a partner Host Country. As part of this research component, CRSP Project PI, Dr. Robert Pomeroy, an international expert in value chain analyses, will lead a workshop for fellow CRSP researchers. This program-related workshop will focus on mapping techniques and approaches for uniform data collection and value chain analysis across the seven core research projects. Dr. Pomeroy has scheduled the workshop in July 2012 to take advantage of CRSP attendance at the International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade (IIFET) conference in Tanzania. EXPERIMENTAL POND UNIT ASSESSMENT (EPUA) This set of investigations is designed to develop a baseline set of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of aquaculture ponds and build capacity at each research site to complete all of these measures. The experimental framework draws upon methods formulated under the former Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture CRSP. The overall goal of this experimental approach is to establish a uniform research direction for basic work needed to develop small-scale aquaculture. Future AquaFish CRSP programs would be able to draw upon the EPUA results to further develop methodology for customizing management practices for any given aquaculture system. AIR BREATHING FISHES

1 USAID letter to OSU indicating intent to increase award amount dated 28 Dec 2011; USAID RFA/OAA letter dated 8 Feb 2012; ME application submitted 12 March 2012; USAID funds received 1 May 2012 (OSU signed Mod#6), 3 May 2012 (USAID signed Mod#6); budget backdated to 1 Jan 2012.


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Researchers associated with the Auburn University, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, and University of Michigan projects plan to continue work on three air-breathing fish species groups with high potential as aquaculture species. In Uganda, Auburn University investigators are characterizing African lungfish. Since this freshwater fish can survive in low oxygen conditions, its aquaculture potential is promising for smallholders in drought-stricken areas of Africa. A Latin American species native to the Pacific coast, the Pacific fat sleeper (or chame) is already a traditional fish of the poor. University of Hawai’i researchers will be focusing on developing spawning and rearing methods for this species under hatchery conditions. The University of Michigan project is working with gars, another species group in Latin America. These species are excellent aquaculture candidates due to their rapid growth potential, adaptability to high densities, tolerance of low water quality, and the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. CRSP researchers will be experimenting with feeding strategies, stocking density, water quality, and salinity tolerance trials. REGIONAL RESEARCH The continued work is encompassed within four of the AquaFish CRSP Topic Areas, including:

Topic Area: Marketing, Economic Risk Assessment & Trade • Value Chain Analysis in Uganda • Value Chain Analysis of Seaweed in Aceh, Indonesia • Assessment of Tilapia Value Chain in Ghana • Value Chain Analysis of Tilapia in Southern Mexico • Value Chain Analysis of Freshwater Small-Sized Fish in Cambodia • Value Chain Analysis for Black Cockles (Anadara tuberculosa and A. similis) • Value Chain Analysis of Carp Polyculture Systems in Southern Nepal

Topic Area: Production System Design & Best Management Alternatives

• Experimental Pond Unit Assessment in Uganda • Experimental Pond Unit Assessment in Bangladesh • Experimental Pond Unit Assessment in Ghana • Experimental Pond Unit Assessment in Kenya • Experimental Pond Unit Assessment in Cambodia • Experimental Pond Unit Assessment in Nicaragua • Experimental Pond Unit Assessment in Southern Nepal

Topic Area: Indigenous Species Development

• Prospects and Potential of African Lungfish (Protopterus spp.) for Aquaculture in Uganda

• Developing Feeds for Larval Dormitator latifrons (Chame) Larvae • Development of Sustainable Feeds, Improved Stocking Densities, and Salinity

Management in Closed Recirculating Systems for Gar (Atracosteus spp.) Culture • Effects of environmental conditions on gills and gas bladder development in

bimodal-breathers, gar (Lepisosteus sp.), pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) and bowfin (Amia calva)

Topic Area: Technology Adoption & Policy Development (TAP)

• Training Trainers for Long Term and Sustained Impact of Pond Aquaculture in Africa


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II. COMMUNICATING IMPACT AND RESULTS CRSPs generate important technologies and information that could be better consolidated and used to improve outreach of these effective programs to various stakeholders. During this Fiscal Year, AquaFish CRSP will further analyze research results and make them available for wider access by the general public, end users, and the scientific community as well as extend ready CRSP technologies through new communication formats. Further, AquaFish has extended the subaward to Cultural Practices LLC to continue their initial work on the “The CRSP Council Knowledge Management and Communication Project,” a CRSP-wide effort to combine the wealth of information accumulated by all CRSPs into a single information clearinghouse/database. During this Work Plan Period, AquaFish CRSP researchers will also continue to submit scientific manuscripts for publication. A partial list of anticipated publications for this work period is included in Appendix 2.

III. CAPACITY BUILDING AND OUTREACH Long Term Training and Student Support. AquaFish CRSP goals will be accomplished by managing an integrated, multidisciplinary, cross-cutting research and outreach program that will increase aquaculture productivity, enhance environmental stewardship, address gender integration, prevent further degradation of aquatic ecosystems, and increase domestic and export market opportunities, thereby increasing food security, economic well-being, and standards of living for citizens in participating Host Countries. AquaFish CRSP objectives address the need for world-class research, capacity building, and information dissemination. During this period, students enrolled in long-term training programs will continue to be supported towards degree completion. Library Donation Project. The AquaFish CRSP will continue to actively lead the Library Donation Project during this Work Plan period. Library donations, including books and journals from Oregon State University faculty and the OSU Valley Library, will be shipped to our Host Country PIs. Each PI determines the need for individual items that will be held in a publicly accessible library within their home institution. The Library Donation Project began in 1999 to help strengthen Host Country libraries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.


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APPENDIX 1: APPROVED TRAVEL

Table A-1 lists trips for program or project travel to various destinations that were pre-authorized under Implementation Plan 09-11 for the AquaFish CRSP award CA/LWA No. EPP-A-00-06-00012-00. The Trip ID is an internal tracking code assigned to trips by the AquaFish CRSP Management Team. This travel is presented as per ADS 303.I.18.a. Each entry represents one trip, and builds on previous pre-authorized travel. Travel is tracked by the ME with an online system.

Table A-1. Approved AquaFish CRSP international travel.

Departure Country Destination Country Approximate Travel Date

Trip ID

USA China FY2012 676 USA Mexico FY2012 677 Mexico USA FY2012 678 Kenya USA FY2012 679 Kenya USA FY2012 680 USA Uganda FY2012 681 USA Kenya 06-2012 682 USA Tanzania 07-2012 683 USA Czech Republic (WAS) 09-2012 684 Mexico Czech Republic (WAS) 09-2012 685 Kenya Tanzania 07-2012 686 Kenya Czech Republic (WAS) 09-2012 687 USA Mexico 06-2012 688 Nepal Tanzania 06-2012 689 USA Nepal 06-2012 690 Nepal Tanzania 06-2012 691 Nepal Tanzania 06-2012 692 Mexico LAC, Africa, Asia regions 06-2012 693 USA Bangladesh 06-2012 694 USA Indonesia FY2012 695 USA Argentina 09-2012 696 Philippines Indonesia FY2012 697 Philippines Indonesia FY2012 698 Philippines Tanzania 07-2012 699 Philippines USA FY2012 700 Bangladesh USA FY2012 701


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Trip ID

USA Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania 06-2012 702 USA Ghana 06-2012 703 Ghana Tanzania 07-2012 704 Cambodia Vietnam 03-2012 705 Cambodia Vietnam 03-2012 706 Cambodia Vietnam 03-2012 707 Cambodia Vietnam 06-2012 708 Cambodia Vietnam 06-2012 709 Cambodia Vietnam 06-2012 710 Cambodia Vietnam 06-2012 711 USA Tanzania 07-2012 712 USA Tanzania 07-2012 713 Vietnam Tanzania 07-2012 714 Cambodia Vietnam 07-2012 715 Mexico or USA USA or Mexico 06-2012 716 USA Tanzania 07-2012 717 USA Nicaragua 07-2012 718 Tanzania Nicaragua 07-2012 719 USA Uganda FY2012 720 USA Uganda FY2012 721 USA Czech Republic (WAS) 09-2012 722 USA Tanzania 07-2012 723 USA Tanzania 07-2012 724 Uganda Tanzania 07-2012 725 Uganda Tanzania 07-2012 726 Mexico Tanzania 07-2012 727 Mexico Czech Republic (WAS) 09-2012 728 USA Czech Republic (WAS) 09-2012 729 USA Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania 07-2012 730 USA Australia (WAS) FY2012 731 USA Honduras, LAC Region FY2012 732 USA Asia FY2012 733 USA Asia FY2012 734 USA Ghana, Mali, South Africa

(West/South Africa Region) FY2012 735

USA Nepal, India, Thailand, Bangladesh FY2012 736

USA Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines FY2012 737


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Trip ID

USA Nicaragua, Guyana, LAC Region FY2012 738

USA Tanzania 07-2012 739 USA Tanzania 07-2012 740 USA Vietnam 07-2012 741


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APPENDIX 2: PUBLICATIONS IN PROCESS

Appendix 2 lists articles by current AquaFish CRSP participants on their recent CRSP-sponsored research, which are either planned for submission or have been recently submitted for peer review in 2012.

North Carolina State University Ayoola, A.A., P. R. Ferket, R. D. Malheiros, E. Won, C. Stark, R. Borski. Replacement of fishmeal

by alternative protein ingredients in feeds for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). [in preparation]

Ayoola, A.A., P. R. Ferket, R. D. Malheiros, E. Won, C. Stark, R. Borski. Replacement of fishmeal by fermented mechanically deboned poultry meat in feeds for Hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops X M. saxatlis). [in preparation]

Borski, R., R. Bolivar, E.B. Jimenez, R. Sayco, P. R. Ferket, and C. Stark. The effectiveness of fishmeal-free and reduced protein diets on tilapia (Orechromis niloticus L.) growout in ponds. [in process]

De Jesus-Ayson, E.G. and R.J. Borski. Alternate day feeding reduces growout of milkfish in brackishwater ponds and seacages. [in process]

Hu, P.R. Ferket, R. Borski, R. Bolivar and C. Stark. Effect of binders on pellet stability of tilapia feeds. [in process]

Vera Cruz, E., R.B. Bolivar, R.J. Borski. Effect of broodstock social condition on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) seed production and growout. [in process]

Purdue University Agbo, N.W., E. Tettey, E. A. Frimpong, and S. Amisah. Growth performance of juvenile

Chrysichthys sp. on manufactured diets in Ghana. [in process] Agbo, P. K. Akpaglo, E. A. Frimpong, and S. Amisah. Growth performance of juvenile Heterotis

niloticus on manufactured diets in Ghana. Ansah Y. B., E. A. Frimpong, and S. Amisah. [in process]

Anane-Taabeah, G., E. A. Frimpong, and S. Amisah. Factors affecting the cage aquaculture adoption-decision process in Ghana. [in process]

Anane-Taabeah G, E. A. Frimpong, N. W. Agbo, and S. Amisah. Distribution and market potential of snakehead Parachanna obscura in Ghana. [in process]

Ansah Y. B., E. A. Frimpong, and S. Amisah. Characterization of potential pond effluents and physico-chemical assessment of effluent-receiving streams in Ghana [submitted]

Chenyambuga, S. et al. Evaluation of Moringa oleifera and Leucaena leucocephala leaf meals as protein sources in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets. [in process]

Chenyambuga, S. et al. Effects of substituting soybean meal with Moringa oleifera leaf meal and sunflower seed cake as a sources of protein in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets. [in process]

Chenyambuga, S. et al. Effects of feeding levels and alternate day feeding of Nile tilapaia (Oreochromis niloticus) using a diet containing mixture of Moringa oleifera leaf meal and sunflower seed cake as source of protein. [in process]

Chenyambuga, S. et al. Comparative evaluation of growth performance of different tilapia species under on-station and on-farm culture conditions Lochmann, R. et al. Nutrient digestibility of Leucaena leucocephala and Moringa oleifera in Nile tilapia. [in process]

Lochmann, R. et al. Growth, health, body composition, and proteolytic enzyme activity in juvenile tilapia fed diets with Leucaena or Moringa leaf meals in place of soybean meal. [in process]


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Lochmann, R. et al. Nutrient digestibility of Leucaena leucocephala and Moringa oleifera in Nile tilapia. [in process]

Quagrainie, K. et al. Consumer Preference for Farmed Tilapia in Ghana and Kenya: A Stated Preference Approach. [in peer review]

Quagrainie, K. et al. The Importance of Brant Test in Analysis Involving Ordinal Dependent Variables: Evidence from Consumer Preference Data. [in peer review]

Quagrainie, K. et al. Consumer Preference for Farmed Tilapia in Tanzania: A Choice Experiment Analysis [in process]

Quagrainie, K. et al. Economically Feasible Options for Increased Participation of Women in Kenyan Aquaculture Value Chain [in process]

Quagrainie, K. et al. Constraints and Opportunities for Increased Participation of Women in Kenyan Tilapia and Catfish Aquaculture Chain [in process]

University of Arizona Contreras-García, M. de J., W. M. Contreras-Sánchez, A. Mcdonal-Vera, U . Hernández-Vidal, C.

A. Álvarez-González, S. Páramo-Delgadillo, and J.M.Vidal López. 2010. Variación reproductiva en hembras silvestres de chucumite Centropomus parallelus mediante el empleo del diámetro de ovocitos como indicador de maduracion. Universidad y Ciencia. [submitted 2010]

University of Connecticut –– Avery Point Le Xuan, S., R. Pomeroy. Aquaculture Economics and Management on Value Chain of

Snakehead Fish in the Lower Mekong Basin of Cambodia and Vietnam. [planned] Pomeroy, R. The social and economic impacts of semi-intensive aquaculture on biodiversity.

Reviews in Aquaculture. [accepted] So, N, S. L. X., N. Hap and R. Pomeroy. Value Chain of Small Sized Fish in the Lower Mekong

Basin of Cambodia and Vietnam. [planned] University of Hawai’i at Hilo Haws, M.C., N. Hernandez, R. Lazarich Gener, J. Bravo, E. Sandoval, C. Rivas and Q.S.W. Fong.

Market channels and attitudes on product attributes for black cockles (Anadara similis and A. tuberculosa) in Nicaragua to support improved fisheries management and shellfish sanitation. Journal of Food Product Marketing. [submitted]

Haws, M.C., E. Sandoval, N. Hernandez, L. Arias, E. Balladares, J. Bravo, C. Rivas, M. Montserrat and G. Laeiva. Depuration of black cockles (Anadara similis and A. tuberculosa) in the field and laboratory to reduce the incidence of shellfish-borne diseases in Latin America. Journal of the National Shellfisheries Association. [submitted]

Rodriguez-Montes de Oca, G.A., E.A. Medina Hernandez, J. Velasquez Sandoval, V.V. Lopez Lopez, K. Dabrowski and M.C. Haws. Advances on Chame (Dormitator latifrons) larvae production for aquaculture. Revista Columbiana de Cienca Pecuaria. [submitted]

University of Michigan Cao Ling. 2012. "Cradle to Grave" Applying life cycle thinking towards sustainability in

aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture. [submitted] Cao Ling, J.S. Diana, and G. Keoleian. 2012. Applying life cycle thinking towards sustainability

in aquaculture. North American Journal of Aquaculture. [in preparation] Cao Ling and J.S. Diana. 2012. Modeling the effects of management strategies on nutrient

dynamics in intensive shrimp ponds in China. Aquaculture. [in preparation] Cao Ling and J.S. Diana. 2012. Characterization of Chinese shrimp farming systems towards

typology, economic and social sustainability. Aquaculture. [in preparation] Diana, J.S. 2012. Is semi-intensive aquaculture a valuable means of producing food? An

evaluation of its effects of on biodiversity in near shore and inland waters. North American Journal of Aquaculture. [in preparation]


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Diana, J.S., H. S. Egna, T. Chopin, M. S. Peterson, L. Cao, R. Pomeroy, M. Verdegem, W. T. Slack, M. G. Bondad-Reantaso, and K. Dabrowski. 2012. Responsible Aquaculture by 2050: Valuing Local Conditions and Human Innovations Will Be Key. [in process]

1 january 2012 to 29 september 2012...results to further develop methodology for customizing...

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