1 jrc – ispra numerical hydrodynamics study of sacca di goro coastal lagoon, italian northern...
TRANSCRIPT
1 JRC – Ispra
Numerical Hydrodynamics Study of Sacca di Goro Coastal Lagoon, Italian Northern Adriatic Sea
D. Marinov¹, José-Manuel Zaldívar¹ and A. Norro²
¹ IES, Joint Research Centre, EC, Ispra (VA), Italy² MUMM, Inst. Natural Science, Brussels, Belgium
6- th ELOISE European Conference, Portoroz, 15-18 November 2004
2 JRC – Ispra
Contents:
1. Introduction2. COHERENS model3. Model results:
Flow patterns and Water surface elevationTravelling/Propagation timesParticle trajectories and Residence timesEffect of new open sea connection on temperature and
salinitySurface temperature and salinity in 1992 (movie)
4. Conclusions
3 JRC – Ispra
DITTY Project : Development of an Information Technology Tool for the Management of Southern European Lagoons
under the influence of river-basin runoffEVK3-CT-2002-00084
Te st site s
Da tac o m p ila tio n
Da ta b a seSyste m
G IS syste m
Ana lysisto o ls
M o d e llingto o ls
End -use rs
N a tura lsc ie ntists
Ec o no m ic a na lysis to o ls
Sc e na rioAna lysis
De c isio nsup p o rt syste m
So c io -Ec o no m icsc ie ntists
Be nc hm a rking
The objective of the project is to develop a scientific base and information technology tool for the sustained and rational utilization of the available resources in Southern European lagoons taking into account the impact of agriculture, urban and economic activities.
4 JRC – Ispra
Disruptions: macro algal blooms, anoxic crises, economic losses.
Sacca di Goro (Italy) Ulva proliferation
IntroductionLength ~ 11 km, Width ~ 5 km,
Area ~ 26 km², Mean depth ~ 1.5 m, Second big clams producer in Italy
8,000-15,000 tons/year
5 JRC – Ispra
W in d s tr e ss R iv e r in p u t H e a t f lu x e s
Te m p e r a tu r e
S o la r r a d ia tio n
C u r re n ts Tu r b u le n c e S a lin ityT id e s
A d v e c t io n -d if fu s io nm o d u le
O p tic a l m o d u le
B o tto m stre ssw a v e -c u r r e n tin te r a c t io n
S u r fa c e e le v a t io n
W a v e d a ta
COHERENS is complex 3-D hydrodynamic finite-difference model for coastal seas which is coupled with biological and contaminant models
6 JRC – Ispra
-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Time [hours]
Wat
er s
urfa
ce e
leva
tion
[m
] Observations
Numerical results(a)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Time [hours]
Cur
rent
spe
ed [
m/s
]
Observations
Numerical results(b)
Model Verification 1
2.302 2.304 2.306 2.308 2.31 2.312 2.314
x 106
4.962
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
4.97x 10
6
3.4
3
3.4
3.4
3
1.7
3
7
6
10
3 1
4
11 buoy
22 33
8
Bianco
Giralda
Po di Volano
Adriatic Sea
Bonello
Po di Goro
Po di Goro
Po di Goro
Meteo station
Ciavola, P., Gonella, M., Tessari, U. and Zamariolo, A., 2000. In: L. Terrazzi (Editor), Studi Costieri 2, Firenze, pp.153-173
Comparison of numerical results for the water surface elevation and current speed at the main lagoon-sea connection (point 7) with measurements of Ciavola et al. (2000) collected during an spring event of high tide with amplitude about 1m and NW wind of 4-6 m/s speed:
(a) water surface elevation; (b) current speed
7 JRC – Ispra
Model Verification 2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
01/0
1/92
01/0
2/92
01/0
3/92
01/0
4/92
01/0
5/92
01/0
6/92
01/0
7/92
01/0
8/92
01/0
9/92
01/1
0/92
01/1
1/92
01/1
2/92
01/0
1/93
Time [hours]
Sur
face
tem
pera
ture
[°C
] Observations
Numerical results
(a)
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
01/0
1/9
2
01/0
2/9
2
01/0
3/9
2
01/0
4/9
2
01/0
5/9
2
01/0
6/9
2
01/0
7/9
2
01/0
8/9
2
01/0
9/9
2
01/1
0/9
2
01/1
1/9
2
01/1
2/9
2
01/0
1/9
3
Time [hours]
Su
rfac
e sa
lin
ity
[P
SU
]
Observations
Numerical results
(b)
2.302 2.304 2.306 2.308 2.31 2.312 2.314
x 106
4.962
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
4.97x 10
6
0.5
0.8
1.24.5
3.4
3.4
3
3
2.4
2
1.7
3.4
1.2
1.2
3
3
3.4
3.4
3.4
3
1.2
1.71.2
2
2
3
0.8
1.7
7
6
10
3 1
4
11 buoy
22 33
8
Bianco
Giralda
Po di Volano
Adriatic Sea
Bonello
Po di Goro
Po di Goro
Po di Goro
Meteo station
Comparison of numerical results for the surface temperature and salinity at the buoy station with hourly frequency observations (Bencivelli, private communication) collected during 1992 year:
(a) temperature; (b) salinity
8 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Elevation and currents for flood tide and SE wind
0.54
1 m/s
Model Results 1
Flow patterns and water surface elevationInvestigations of flow patterns and water surface elevation in Sacca di Goro coastal lagoon taking into account the effects of the new artificial connection with Adriatic Sea and considering different wind and tide forcing conditions.
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Elevation and currents for ebb tide and NE wind
1 m/s
9 JRC – Ispra
Wind directions and type of tides
Travelling Time [minutes]
Point 11 Point 3 Point 33 Point 8
SE wind, Ebb tide 60 65 70 85
SE wind, Flood tide 30 40 45 60
E wind, Ebb tide 60 65 70 85
E wind, Flood tide 40 40 45 60
NE wind, Ebb tide 65 70 70 85
NE wind, Flood tide 40 40 45 60
NW wind, Ebb tide 60 65 70 85
NW wind, Flood tide 45 45 50 65
2.302 2.304 2.306 2.308 2.31 2.312 2.314
x 106
4.962
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
4.97x 10
6
1.2
3.4
3.4
3
3
3.4
1.2
1.2
3
3
3.4
3.4
3.4
3
1.7
1.2
2
3
0.8
1.7
7
6
10
3 1
4
11 buoy
22 33
8
Bianco
Giralda
Po di Volano
Adriatic Sea
Bonello
Po di Goro
Po di Goro
Po di Goro
Meteo station
Travelling/Propagation timesThe performed numerical tests evidence compatible results for both lagoon topologies.
Flood tides - the average travelling times is about 35 min for the central/western zone and ca. 45 min for the eastern zone.
Ebb tides - the travelling times for the different sections of Sacca di Goro are approximately doubled in comparison with those for the flooding cases.
Model Results 2
10 JRC – Ispra
2.302 2.304 2.306 2.308 2.31 2.312 2.314
x 106
4.962
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
4.97x 10
6
11
3
10 4
2.302 2.304 2.306 2.308 2.31 2.312 2.314
x 106
4.962
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
4.97x 10
6
11
3
10
4
Model Results 3
Water renewal and exchange
Investigations of particle trajectories in Sacca di Goro coastal lagoon taking into account the effects of the new artificial connection with Adriatic Sea
11 JRC – Ispra
Model Results 4
Residence times
The average residence times in 1992 for western part of Sacca di Goro lagoon are between 0.5-1 day. The observed for the same year minimal residence times in this part are in order of 6-7 hours while the maximal ones range to 2-4 days. The residence times for the western part of Sacca di Goro are less affected by the opening of the new connection with Adriatic sea.
The central zone of Sacca di Goro can be characterize in 1992 for non changed bathymetry with mean residence time values 3-6 days, minimal residence periods 12-13 hours and maximal residence intervals of order 10-24 days. In the case of the modified bathymetry the residence times for the southern central part are enlarged about 1.5-2 times.
In the eastern part of Sacca di Goro for non modified bathymetry during 1992 the average residence times reach values 7-18 days, the minimal residence intervals are 1-8 days but the maximal ones vary between 20-49 days. The launch of the new artificial connection reduces the residence time periods in the eastern part approximately 2 times.
12 JRC – Ispra
Effect of new connection on temperature and salinity fields
The extra mouth changes the temperature and salinity fields in the eastern and central parts of the lagoon because it improves the water exchange with the open sea. No serious influence on temperature and salinity in the western part of Sacca di Goro was found.
In general the new connection produces into the affected zones an increase of the temperature of the lagoon’s water during the winter and its reduction during the rest of the year. The water salinity shows higher values in the situation with the new channel.
It was found that the considered relatively small changes of the south-eastern border of the lagoon can lead to variations of range 10-20% for the temperature and salinity fields into Sacca di Goro.
Model Results 5
2.302 2.304 2.306 2.308 2.31 2.312 2.314
x 106
4.962
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
4.97x 10
6
3.4
3.4
3.4
3
1.7
3
7
6
10
3 1
4
11 buoy
22 33
8
Bianco
Giralda
Po di Volano
Adriatic Sea
Bonello
Po di Goro
Po di Goro
Po di Goro
Meteo station
13 JRC – Ispra
Mar Menor (Spain)
Conclusions:
1. The basic outcome of this part of DITTY project is that calibrated and verified 3-D hydrodynamic model for coastal lagoons has been work out.
2. The model was successfully applied for investigation an Italian Adriatic Sea coastal lagoon which is of special interest. The next step of our work will be coupling the hydrodynamic model with biological and contaminants fate models.
14 JRC – Ispra
Surface Temperatures in 1992 (monthly dynamics)
for Sacca di Goro Coastal Lagoon
15 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface temperature at 20/01/92 15:00
4.514.01
5.01
3.01
2.01
1.01
4.01
5.5
1
1 m/s
1
2
3
4
5
6
16 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface temperature at 20/02/92 15:00
67
7
6.5
7.5
5.5
1 m/s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
17 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface temperature at 20/03/92 15:00
12
13
14
15
13
13
14
1 m/s
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface temperature at 20/04/92 15:00
16
1718
19
19.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
1 m/s
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
19 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface temperature at 20/05/92 15:00
19.5
20
21
22.5
23
24
24.5
24
23
1 m/s
5
10
15
20
25
20 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface temperature at 20/06/92 15:00
22.5
23
24
25
29
30
271 m/s
5
10
15
20
25
30
21 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface temperature at 20/07/92 15:00
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1 m/s
5
10
15
20
25
30
22 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface temperature at 20/08/92 15:00
34
33
32.5
27.5
28
34
32
1 m/s
5
10
15
20
25
30
23 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface temperature at 20/09/92 15:00
25
26
24.5
25.5
26
26.5
1 m/s
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
24 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface temperature at 20/10/92 15:00
14.5
15
16
14
13
151
6
15
16
14 1 m/s
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
25 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface temperature at 20/11/92 15:00
14.5
13
1213
13
12
11
10
13
12 1 m/s
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
26 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface temperature at 20/12/92 15:00
7.5
8 9
7.5
6
5
7
7.5
71 m/s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
27 JRC – Ispra
Surface Salinity in 1992 (monthly dynamics)
for Sacca di Goro Coastal Lagoon
28 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface salinity at 20/01/92 15:00
32
30
28
26
24
22
26
24
22
1 m/s
5
10
15
20
25
30
29 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface salinity at 20/02/92 15:00
22
20
18
16
14
20
12
1 m/s
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
30 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface salinity at 20/03/92 15:00
28
26
24
22
20
20
18
12
1 m/s
5
10
15
20
25
31 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface salinity at 20/04/92 15:00
16
14
14
12
18
1 m/s
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
32 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface salinity at 20/05/92 15:00
28
24
22
20
14
18
12
1 m/s
5
10
15
20
25
33 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface salinity at 20/06/92 15:00
22
20
18
14
1612
16
1 m/s
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
34 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface salinity at 20/07/92 15:00
26
24
20
18
18 16
8
10
18
1 m/s
5
10
15
20
25
35 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface salinity at 20/08/92 15:00
32
30
28
24
22
18
24
24
22
20
1 m/s
5
10
15
20
25
30
36 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface salinity at 20/09/92 15:00
24
24
20
18
16
10
1618
20
22
24
1 m/s
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
37 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface salinity at 20/10/92 15:00
14
12
10
8
14
16
108
12 1 m/s
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
38 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface salinity at 20/11/92 15:00
342624
22
2018
14
22
16
18
24
1 m/s
5
10
15
20
25
30
39 JRC – Ispra
2.303 2.304 2.305 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.31 2.311 2.312 2.313
x 106
4.963
4.964
4.965
4.966
4.967
4.968
4.969
x 106 Surface salinity at 20/12/92 15:00
26
22
20
18
18
18
16
22
20
10
1 m/s
5
10
15
20
25
40 JRC – Ispra