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RADAR SYSTEMDESIGN

Spring 2004

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This course is one of the elements in the agreementbetween Delft University of Technology and theMilitary Technical Academy of Bucharest in thecontext of the European Socrates exchange/mobility

program.

THALES has sponsored this course.

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Course instructor: Prof. Piet van GenderenChair on Radar System Design at the Delft University ofTechnology in The Netherlands

Radar consultant at Thales.This course is the second time that the course is presentedin Romania (first time was 27-29 November 1996).

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Objectives of the course:

Understanding opportunities and challenges in radar.

Orientation on radarfunction more than on radartechnologyTechnology as an enabling factor for functionalityPhysical phenomena from the point of view of their

consequences for the design and the use of radarThread: Case study ATC radar

Not trivial.

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Course material:

Hand outs (on intranet)Computer workshops

videos.

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Some coments on the history of radar:

1890: De Dreadnoughts need an invisible seraclight to findtorpedo boats.

1904: Patent of Christian Hulsmeyer. Civil application.

1930: In the UK Watson Watt performs pathfinding experiments,initially against the directions of his superiors. In the end thisresulted in the Chain Home

1936: In NL C.H.J.A.Staal performs CW experiments over water,with poor results. This has lead to the introduction of pulsedradar.

1939:Bicycle radar prototype due to Von Weiler and Gratema.

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June 10, 1904: patent.Tested on the riverRhine near Cologne andlater on the river Meuse

in Rotterdam.

No industrial benefits.

Hulsmeyer backed off,

disappointed.

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Chain Home.

High complexity. Phased Array! Time of development: few years.

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Germany:

Wurzburg

Freya

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In the Netherlands: initially CW radar, tested from the islandof Texel.

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Bicycle radar

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After WWII:

Introduction of MTI (coherent radarchains); militarydevelopment

many platforms (ships, vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft)

Introduction of MTD (filterbanks); civil application

remote sensing (now: resolution 8cmx8cm); both civil andmilitary.

Novel applications: automotive radar; ground penetratingradar; navigation radar; level gauges; checking trunks of trees

for forestry; security systems; detection of living individualsburried in rubble (after earth quakes),.

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Case Study:Terminal Area Radar

Radar

Runways

Artificial Island near coast

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Operational requirements of the Terminal Area Radar:

detection range: 100 NM; Pd=80%; RCS=1 m2; SW1; Pfa=10

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accuracy at plot level: 30 m x 0.1

resolution at plot level: 150m x 3

accuracy at tracklevel: 15m x 0.05 on uniform rectilinear trajectories

detection in clutterfree areas independent on radial speed

antenna revolution time: 4 secs

double transmitter; detection range to be based upon 1 transmitter

minimum range 300m

cone of silence 60

instrumented range 150 NM

maximum speed +/- 450 m/sec automatic initiation of tracks

extended clutter: seaclutter upto seastate 5; discrete landclutter of RCS=104 m2; wooded hills at >30km.

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Elements from the description of the air miss:

air picture compilation

relative position of aircraft

identification

3D

manoeuvres

weather

separation standards

safety

comfort

(on board equipment)

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Elements from the description of the air miss:

air picture compilation

relative position of aircraft

identification

3D

manoeuvres

weather

separation standards

safety

comfort

(on board equipment)

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First: many details on radar principles and technology.

The radar described in the Case Study is the thread inthe course.

At the end: case study that integrates (almost) all

elements from the course into a radar systemdesign.