1. life cycle inventory

Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475; doi:10.3390/su12114475 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

Supplementary Materials

The supplementary materials to the manuscript Organizational Life Cycle Assessment of a service providing SME

for renewable energy projects (PV and wind) in the United Kingdom is structured in three parts:

1. The life cycle inventory for each business field and activity, and specifies assumptions met and data sources used;

2. Contributions to the ReCiPe indicators at the business unit and activity level; 3. The sensitivity analysis carried out for selected impact categories and scenarios.

1. Life Cycle Inventory

Table S1: Complete life cycle inventory for the PV and the wind energy business, categorized by activity group and activity. Assumptions and data sources are mate transparent to ensure replicability .

Life Cycle Inventory of PV Business

Activity

Group

Activity Object # Value Unit Comment Assumptions Source Modeled

in GaBi

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Purchase

d fuel for

technician

s’ trucks

Total

consum

ption of

Diesel

1 32852.42 £ CR-Report 2017 -

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Purchase

d fuel for

technician

s’ trucks

Total

consum

ption of

Diesel

1 27,361.9675

8

l Own calculation

with £32,852.42 total

spent value and

average price of

£1.20066

Diesel price in 2017 of

£1.20066 per liter acc. to

https://www.statista.co

m/statistics/299552/aver

age-price-of-diesel-in-

the-united-kingdom/

CR-Report 2017 yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Purchase

d spare

parts for

PV sites

- - - - Not owned by

organization. They

are purchased as a

contractual request

so they are part of

the agreement

between reporting

organization and

customer.

-

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Employee

commuti

ng

Total

distanc

e by

1 97,544.01 km Questionnaire via

Mail to all

employees

Data for 11 employees,

missing persons are

assumed as n.r. (foot or

Employee

Commuting

Questionnaire

yes

Sustainability 2020, 12, 4475 2 of 42

own

car

(transportation

vehicle and distance

for one way).

bike). Car diesel Euro 4

with an engine size 1.4

- 2 l assumed in GaBi

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Employee

commuti

ng

Total

distanc

e by

taxi


Mail to all

employees

(transportation


for one way).


missing persons are


bike).

Employee

Commuting

Questionnaire

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Employee

commuti

ng

Total

distanc

e by

public

train/tu

be


Mail to all

employees

(transportation


for one way).


missing persons are


bike).

Employee

Commuting

Questionnaire

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Business

travels

Distanc

es by

plane

1 60,971.5862

1

km First half of 2017

data from Wind

office, second half

from PV office.

Summed up both data

halves & allocated by

number of employees

per office. Direct

connections are

assumed. Distances are

calculated acc. to

http://www.airmilescal

culator.com/

Business

travels data

collection

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Business

travels

Distanc

es by

train

1 7,043.83249

7


data from Wind

office, second half

from PV office.

Summed up both data


number of employees

per office. Direct

connections are

assumed. Distances are

calculated acc. to

http://rmme.railmiles.m

e/

Business

travels data

collection

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Business

travels

Distanc

es by

tram/b

us

1 1,003.88413

8

km Data were only

available for the first

half of the year.

Assumed that in the

second half the

distances were the

same. Allocated by

number of employees

Internal data

collection

yes


per office. Direct

connections are

assumed.

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Business

travels

Distanc

es by

own

car/taxi

/hire

car

1 3,232.82758

6

km Data were only


half of the year.

Assumed that in the

second half the

distances were the

same. Allocated by

number of employees

per office. Direct

connections are

assumed.

Internal data

collection

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Purchase

d

electricity

(offices)

Consu

mption

of

electrici

ty from

conven

tional

tariffs

1 5,576 kWh Data transferred

from CR-Report

2017

Comment from source:

"This is based on an

estimate as the building

was only occupied for 7

months."

CR-Report 2017 yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Tap water

preparati

on

Total

water

usage

113.92 m3 Calculated value,

estimated on the usage

of the wind office and

extrapolated by the

number of employees.

Tap water from

groundwater source

was used within the

GaBi data model.

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Panel

cleaning

- - - - Insufficient data no

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Landscap

ing

- - - - Insufficient data no

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

Smart

TV

1 - - Bought in 2018 - not

within reference

time period

-


equipmen

t

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Desks 26 Lifespan 13 years acc.

to

https://www.steuernetz

.de/afa/wirtschaftsguet

er/betriebs-und-

geschaeftsausstattung

Spitzley et al.,

2006, "Life-

Cycle

Assessment of

Office

Furniture

Products";

Center for

Sustainable

Systems

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Laptop

s

33 CO2 only For 16 permanent

employees on site and

17 technicians, each

laptop is the same

model. Lifespan 3.5

years acc. to source.

Only manufacturing

process considered as

the energy which is

needed for use phase is

already included in

purchased energy.

Hoang, 2015,

"Life Cycle

Assessment of

a Laptop

Computer and

its

Contribution to

Greenhouse

Gas

Emissions";

School of

Engineering

and

Technology

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Smartp

hones

33 For 16 permanent

employees on site and

17 technicians, each

smartphone is the same

model. Lifespan 3 years

acc. to source. Whole

LC impacts included as

the smartphones are

also used private.

Ercan et al.,

2016, "Life

Cycle

Assessment of

a Smartphone"

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Office

chairs

20 Lifespan 13 years acc.

to



er/betriebs-und-


Spitzley et al.,

2006, "Life-

Cycle

Assessment of

Office

Furniture

yes


Products";

Center for

Sustainable

Systems

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Chairs 22 Chairs were assumed

as the same model

which is used within

office chairs.

Spitzley et al.,

2006, "Life-

Cycle

Assessment of

Office

Furniture

Products";

Center for

Sustainable

Systems

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Tubes 54 Fluorescent lamp T8

36W was used within

GaBi model

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Desk

contain

ers

20 Insufficient data no

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Shredd

er


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Monito

rs

27 Lifespan 4 years acc. to

source. Upstream value

chain and

manufacturing process

was considered as the

needed energy in use

phase is already

included within

purchased energy.

Socolof et al.,

2001, "Desktop

Computer

Displays: A

Life-Cycle

Assessment"

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Wall

screens

4 Wall screens were

assumed as the same

model which is used

within computer

monitors.

Socolof et al.,

2001, "Desktop

Computer

Displays: A

yes


Life-Cycle

Assessment"

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Ventila

tors


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Beamer 1 Insufficient data no

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Clipboa

rd


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Printer 1 Insufficient data no

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Dockin

g

Station

s for

Laptop

s


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Confer

ence

phone


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Refrige

rator

small


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Toaster 1 Insufficient data no


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Water

boiler


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Coffee

machin

e


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Sink

unit


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Kitchen

unit


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Fire

extingu

isher

foam


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Fire

extingu

isher

CO2


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Pens,

Kitchen

utilities

etc.

Insufficient data -

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of

technical

equipmen

t

Tools Insufficient data no

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of

technical

equipmen

t

Chemic

als on

site

- - - Not applicable as

the reporting

organization does

not own the

chemicals.

-


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of cars

owned by

organizati

on

Car

type A


to

https://de.statista.com/s

tatistik/daten/studie/31

6498/umfrage/lebensda

uer-von-autos-

deutschland/

Internal vehicle

list

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of cars

owned by

organizati

on

Car

type B


to




uer-von-autos-

deutschland/

Internal vehicle

list

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of cars

leased by

organizati

on

Leased

car

type A

2 According to

Finance

Administrator:

Leasing contracts

are for 6 months

each

Lifespan 18 years acc.

to




uer-von-autos-

deutschland/

Internal vehicle

list

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of cars

leased by

organizati

on

Leased

car

type B

5 According to

Finance

Administrator:

Leasing contracts

are for 6 months

each


to




uer-von-autos-

deutschland/

Internal vehicle

list

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of cars

leased by

organizati

on

Leased

Car

type C

3 According to

Finance

Administrator:

Leasing contracts

are for 6 months

each


to




uer-von-autos-

deutschland/

Internal vehicle

list

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Storage

facilities

(rented)

- 2 - - No environmental

relevant in-/outputs

-


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Waste

generated

through

maintena

nce of PV

sites

(transport

ation)

- - - - Excluded by system

boundaries

-

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Waste

generated

through

offices

Total

waste

23,760 kg As data was only

available from July

to December the

value was

extrapolated for the

rest of the year.

59.400 l waste in

2017.

One full container

(1.100 l) was assumed

with 440 kg waste load

acc. to source

http://wasteolo

gy.co.uk/comm

ercial-

waste/wheeled-

bins/?doing_w

p_cron=153796

6786.500310897

8271484375000

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Waste

generated

through

offices

Waste

water

1 108.224 m3 Calculated by tap

water usage and

water consumption

yes

Direct

activities

Trips of

technician

s to sites

by truck

leased by

organizati

on

Total

distanc

e

driven

by all

vehicle

s

1 438,493.070

3

km (27,361.9675844951

l)/(6.24 l/100km)

186.42 gCO2/km in

average

Calculated with an

average diesel fuel

consumption over all

vehicles of 6.24 l/100km

and the calculated

value of total diesel

consumption above.

yes

Direct

activities

Trips of

technician

s to sites

by truck

owned by

organizati

on

Distanc

e by car

type A

1 36,541.0891

9

km Acc. to source:

Diesel fuel

consumption: 5.8

l/100km

CO2-Emissions: 150

g/km

Allocated value based

on the total distance

driven.

http://www.aut

o.de/magazin/t

est-vw-tiguan-

2-0-tdi-

4motion-bmt-

klassenprimus/

yes

Direct

activities

Trips of

technician

s to sites

by truck

owned by

Distanc

e by

cars

type B

1 36,541.0891

9

km Acc. to source:

Diesel fuel

consumption: 6.9

l/100km

CO2-Emissions: 183

g/km



driven. Fuel

consumption is for the

model "Ford Transit

Custom Kombi 300L1

https://www.ad

ac.de/infotestra

t/autodatenban

k/autokatalog/

detail.aspx?mid

=242233&bezei

chnung=ford-

yes


organizati

on

2.2 TDCi Trend Nugget

Aufstelldach"

transit-custom-

kombi-300l1-2-

2-tdci-trend-

nugget-

aufstelldach

Direct

activities

Trips of

technician

s to sites

by truck

leased by

organizati

on

Distanc

e by

leased

cars

type A

1 109,623.267

6

km Acc. to source:

Diesel fuel

consumption: 39.8

mpg (5.909914

l/100km)

CO2-Emissions: 186

g/km



driven. Combined

value for CO2-emission

(urban and extra urban)

https://www.na

tionwide-

cars.co.uk/vans

/mitsubishi/l20

0/double-cab-

di-d-178-

warrior-4wd-

35282/

yes

Direct

activities

Trips of

technician

s to sites

by truck

leased by

organizati

on

Distanc

e by

leased

cars

type B

1 73,082.1783

8

km Acc. to source:

Diesel fuel

consumption: 35

mpg (6.72042

l/100km)

CO2-Emissions: 208

g/km



driven.

https://www.pa

rkers.co.uk/van

s/reviews/mits

ubishi/l200/200

6/lwb-25-di-d-

176bhp-l200-lb-

double-cab-

barbarian-

4wd/road-

test/18622/facts

-and-figures/

yes

Direct

activities

Trips of

technician

s to sites

by truck

leased by

organizati

on

Distanc

e by

leased

cars

type C

1 182,705.445

9

km Acc. to source:

Diesel fuel

consumption: 39.8

mpg (5.909914

l/100km)

CO2-Emissions: 186

g/km



driven.

https://www.bo

rdermotorguid

e.co.uk/product

/wm66hkc

yes

Direct

activities

Maintena

nce

activities

- - - - After spending a

day with a

technician and an

interview regarding

their day-to-day

business, the

maintenance

activities are

defined as not

relevant. There are

-


no relevant in- or

outputs through

their work as such

at the site unit.

Direct

activities

Water

consumpt

ion in

offices

Total

water

consum

ption

1 5.696 m3 insufficient data Calculated value,

estimated on the usage

of the wind office.

yes

Direct

activities

Transport

ation of

spare

parts


boundaries

-

Indirect

downstre

am

activities

Productio

n & Use

Phase of

sites (PV

& Wind)


boundaries

-

Indirect

downstre

am

activities

Processin

g of sold

products


boundaries

-

Indirect

downstre

am

activities

Use of

sold

products


boundaries

-

Indirect

downstre

am

activities

End-of-

life

treatment

of sold

products


boundaries

-

Indirect

downstre

am

activities

Franchise

s &

Leased

assets

- - - - n.r. -


Life Cycle Inventory for wind energy business

Activity

Group

Activity Object # Value Unit Comment Assumptions Source Modeled

in GaBi

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Purchase

d fuel for

rented

cars

Amoun

t of

petrol

1 2,082.39984 l

Calculated by the

amount of driven km

for site trips and the

average petrol

consumption acc. to

government statistic

(2nd source). Assumed

that every car is a

petrol car.

Travel data

collection

yes

Department for

Transport

statistics, 2017,

"Average new

car fuel

consumption,

Great Britain:

2000 to 2016"

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Employee

commuti

ng

Distanc

e by

own

car


Mail to all

employees

(transportation


for one way).


missing persons are


bike).

Employee

commuting

questionnaire

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Employee

commuti

ng

Distanc

e by

public

train


Mail to all

employees

(transportation


for one way).


missing persons are


bike).

Employee

commuting

questionnaire

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Employee

commuti

ng

Distanc

e by

public

tram


Mail to all

employees

(transportation


for one way).


missing persons are


bike).

Employee

commuting

questionnaire

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Employee

commuti

ng

Distanc

e by

public

bus


Mail to all

employees

(transportation


for one way).


missing persons are


bike).

Employee

commuting

questionnaire

yes


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Business

travels

Distanc

e by

plane

1 49,539.4137

9


data from Wind

office, second half

from PV office.

Summed up both data


number of employees

per office. Direct

connections are

assumed. Distances acc.

to

http://www.airmilescal

culator.com/

Internal data

collection

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Business

travels

distanc

e by

train

1 5,723.11390

3


data from Wind

office, second half

from PV office.

Summed up both data


number of employees

per office. Direct

connections are


to

http://rmme.railmiles.m

e/

Internal data

collection

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Business

travels

distanc

e by

own

car

1 2,626.67241

4

km

Data were only


half of the year.

Assumed that in the

second half the

distances were the

same. Allocated by

number of employees

per office. Direct

connections are


to

https://distancecalculat

or.globefeed.com/UK_

Distance_Calculator.as

p

Internal data

collection

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Business

travels

distanc

e by

Tram/B

us

1 815.655862

1

km

Data were only


half of the year.

Assumed that in the

second half the

distances were the

same. Allocated by

number of employees

Internal data

collection

yes


per office. Direct

connections are


to

https://distancecalculat

or.globefeed.com/UK_

Distance_Calculator.as

p

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Purchase

d

electricity

Electric

ity

from

green

tariffs

1 1,028.72 kWh Readout value from

meter, allocated by

the number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization)

CR-Report 2017 yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Purchase

d

electricity

Electric

ity

from

regular

tariffs

1 7,879.76 kWh Value from invoice,

allocated by the

number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization)

CR-Report 2017 yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Purchase

d

electricity

Total

electrici

ty

1 8,908.48 kWh Addition of both

tariffs as modeled in

GaBi as electricity

grid mix GB

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Gas

preparati

on

Total

Gas

Usage

1 10,655.68 kWh Value from invoice,

natural gas used,

allocated by the

number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization)

CR-Report 2017 yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Tap water

preparati

on

Total

water

usage

1 99.68 m3 Value from invoice,

allocated by the

number of

employees of the

CR-Report 2017 yes


reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization)

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Purchase

d services


boundaries

-

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Desk 14

Allocated by the

number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization).


to



er/betriebs-und-


Spitzley et al.,

2006, "Life-

Cycle

Assessment of

Office

Furniture

Products";

Center for

Sustainable

Systems

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Office

chairs

14

Allocated by the

number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization).


to



er/betriebs-und-


Spitzley et al.,

2006, "Life-

Cycle

Assessment of

Office

Furniture

Products";

Center for

Sustainable

Systems

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Monito

rs

14

Lifespan 4 years acc. to

source

Socolof et al.,

2001, "Desktop

Computer

Displays: A

Life-Cycle

Assessment"

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Keyboa

rds

14

Allocated by the

number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization). No

usable data could be

no


collected for an

environmental

assessment.

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Compu

ter

mouse

14

Allocated by the

number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization). No


collected for an

environmental

assessment.

no

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Confer

ence

phone

2

Allocated by the

number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization). No


collected for an

environmental

assessment.

no

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Laptop

s

14

Allocated by the

number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization). CO2

only

Lifespan 3.5 years acc.

to source. Only

manufacturing process

considered as the

energy which is needed

for use phase is already

included in purchased

energy. Each laptop is

assumed as the same

model.

Hoang, 2015,

"Life Cycle

Assessment of

a Laptop

Computer and

its

Contribution to

Greenhouse

Gas

Emissions";

School of

Engineering

and

Technology

yes


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Smartp

hones

8

Lifespan 3 years acc. to

source. Whole LC

impacts included as the

smartphones are also

used private. Each

smartphone is assumed

as the same model. 6 of

employees without

smartphone

Ercan et al.,

2016, "Life

Cycle

Assessment of

a Smartphone"

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of office

equipmen

t

Light

tubes

66

Approximated value.

Fluorescent lamp T8

36W was used within

GaBi model

yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of

technical

equipmen

t

Chemic

als on

site

- - - Excluded by system

boundaries

-

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of

technical

equipmen

t

PPE - - - No usable data

could be collected

for an

environmental

assessment.

no

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n of cars

rented by

organizati

on

- - - - Production not

included as no

quantification nor

allocation possible.

-

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Waste

generated

through

offices

Waste

for

deposit

1 285.6 kg Allocated by the

number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization).

Information

provided by the

waste disposal

contractor.

CR-Report 2017 -


Indirect

Upstream

activities

Waste

generated

through

offices

Waste

for

compos

ting

1 252 kg Allocated by the

number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization).

Information

provided by the

waste disposal

contractor.

CR-Report 2017 -

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Waste

generated

through

offices

Waste

for

recyclin

g

1 1,018.64 kg Allocated by the

number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization).

Information

provided by the

waste disposal

contractor.

CR-Report 2017 -

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Waste

generated

through

offices

Total

waste

1 1,556.24 kg

Waste was modeled

with specific U.K.

treatment in GaBi, no

separate calculation.

CR-Report 2017 yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Waste

generated

through

offices

Waste

water

1 94.696 m3 Allocated by the

number of

employees of the

reporting unit

(office is shared

with different

organization).

CR-Report 2017 yes

Indirect

Upstream

activities

Productio

n & Use

Phase of

sites

(Wind)


boundaries

-


Direct

activities

Trips to

site by

rented

cars

Total

distanc

es

1 38,562.96 km By Own

Car/Taxi/Hire Car

and purpose of site

visit

Travel data

collection

yes

Direct

activities

Water

consumpt

ion in

offices

Total

water

consum

ption

1 4.984 m3

Calculated value by

total water usage and

waste water

CR-Report 2017 yes

Indirect

downstre

am

activities

Processin

g of sold

products

- - - - n.r. because rep.

org. does not

produce or sell

products as they are

a service provider

only.

-

Indirect

downstre

am

activities

Use of

sold

products

- - - - n.r. because rep.

org. does not

produce or sell

products as they are

a service provider

only.

-

Indirect

downstre

am

activities

End-of-

life

treatment

of sold

products


boundaries

-

Indirect

downstre

am

activities

Franchise

s &

Leased

assets

- - - - n.r.

-


2. Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Table S2. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Global Warming Potential (GWP).

Business Unit

Activity Group Activity Cumulative

Contribution [%]

Wind 15.329673

Wind Direct activities 5.17434996

Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0

Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 5.17434996

Wind Indirect upstream activities 10.1553231

Wind Indirect upstream

activities Business travels 2.27268834


activities Employee Commuting 3.89801989


activities Gas preparation 0.09297249


activities Production of office equipment 0.34420473


activities Purchased electricity 1.59896758


activities Purchased fuel rented cars (site

visits) 0.31408535


activities Tap water preparation 0.01468737


activities Waste from office 1.61969732

PV 84.670327

PV Direct activities 58.8366816

PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0

PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by

truck 58.8366816

PV Indirect upstream activities 25.8336454

PV Indirect upstream






activities Production of cars leased by

organization 0.81072958


activities Production of cars owned by







activities Purchased fuel for technicians’

trucks 2.84754667





Table S3. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Stratospheric Ozone Depletion.

Business Unit


Contribution [%]

Wind 13.7264076


















visits) 0.33179081




activities Waste from office -0.4763153

PV 86.2735924




truck 69.5976765


















trucks 2.90726271






Table S4. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Terrestrial Acidification.

Business Unit


Contribution [%]

Wind 14.2503711

















visits) 0.31165822





PV 85.7496289




truck 67.6254905



















trucks 4.5757796





Table S5. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Freshwater Eutrophication.

Business Unit


Contribution [%]

Wind 16.6313389










activities Gas preparation 8.56E-05







visits) 0.00437008






PV 83.3686611




truck 79.6383404


















trucks 0.08292517






Table S6: Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Human Toxicity, cancer.

Business Unit


Contribution [%]

Wind 11.0616516

















visits) 0.01110518





PV 88.9383484




truck 87.6664105



















trucks 0.12966722





Table S7. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Fine Particulate Matter Formation.

Business Unit


Contribution [%]

Wind 13.3973576

















visits) 0.22797825






PV 86.6026424




truck 72.6109084


















trucks 3.41141393






Table S8. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Fossil depletion.

Business Unit

Activity Group Activity Cumulative Contribution [%]

Wind 13.4725878 Wind Direct activities 4.46376481 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 4.46376481 Wind Indirect upstream activities 9.00882301

Wind Indirect upstream activities

Business travels 1.94019766


Employee Commuting 3.20865274


Gas preparation 0.90752451


Production of office equipment 0.00980337


Purchased electricity 1.5533686


Purchased fuel rented cars (site visits)

1.28866225


Tap water preparation 0.0050726


Waste from office 0.09554128

PV 86.5274122 PV Direct activities 50.7567349 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0

PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck 50.7567349


PV Indirect upstream activities





Production of cars leased by organization

0.73324313


Production of cars owned by organization

0.14773201






Purchased fuel for technicians’ trucks

23.8542716






Table S9. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Ionizing Radiation.

Business Unit















0.0256507














0.37823082



0.07593344







0.53817604






Table S10. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Land use.

Business Unit















visits) 0.03456844






PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck

72.9900493


















trucks 7.52810409






Table S11. Life cycle impact assessment: Cumulative contribution to the impact category Terrestrial ecotoxicity.

Business Unit















0.0298233














0.41541719



0.0834301







0.25782216






3. Sensitivity analysis

Table S12. LCIA Climate change, incl biogenic carbon, egalitarian perspective.

Business Unit Activitiy Group Activitiy Cumulative Contribution

[%] Wind 15.3448467 Wind Direct activities 5.58864397 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 5.58864397


activities 9.75620273













visits) 0.28307164





PV 84.6551533 PV Direct activities 63.5475506 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0 PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck 63.5475506


activities 21.1076027










organisation 0.17457217






activities Purchased fuel for technicians

trucks 2.231045






Table S13. LCIA Climate change, incl biogenic carbon, individualist perspective.

Business Unit

Activitiy Group Activitiy Cumulative Contribution [%]














visits) 0.34933964







53.2558279


















trucks 3.56491439






Table S14. LCIA Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, egalitarian perspective.

Business Unit















visits) 0.36925509







67.970467


















trucks 3.23553687






Table S15. LCIA Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, individualist perspective.

Business Unit















visits) 0.28952166







71.4461441


















trucks 2.53688813






Table S16. Terrestrial Acidification, egalitarian perspective.

Business Unit















visits) 0.31165822







67.6254905


















trucks 4.5757796






Table S17. LCIA Terrestrial Acidification, individualist perspective.

Business Unit















visits) 0.31165822







67.6254905


















trucks 4.5757796






Table S18. Climate change, incl. biogenic carbon, incl. facilities.

Business Unit


Wind 40.4715887 Wind Direct activities 0.0910895 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 0.0910895 Wind Indirect downstream activities 0 Wind Indirect upstream activities 0.17877478













visits) 0.00552917





Wind Wind energy facilities 40.2017244 PV 59.5284113 PV Direct activities 1.03576369 PV Direct activities Total water consumption 0 PV Direct activities Trips of technicians to sites by truck 1.03576369 PV Indirect downstream activities 0 PV Indirect upstream activities 0.46916547

















trucks 0.05012834





PV PV facilities 58.0234822


Table S19. LCIA Climate change, incl. biogenic carbon, with calculated CO2 emission of trucks.

Business Unit


Wind 21.5830889 Wind Direct activities 7.28511656 Wind Direct activities Total water consumption 0 Wind Direct activities Trips to site by rented cars 7.28511656 Wind Indirect downstream activities 0 Wind Indirect upstream activities 14.2979723













visits) 0.44220983



Wind Indirect upstream activities Waste from office 2.28041857



truck (Copy) 40.8941974

PV Indirect downstream activities 0 PV Indirect upstream activities 37.5227137

PV Indirect upstream activities Business travels 3.93819517

PV Indirect upstream activities Employee Commuting 13.475368


Production of cars leased by organization 1.15077927



0.23015608







4.0091431






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1. life cycle inventory

Documents