1 methylmercury tmdl & implementation plan for the sacramento-san joaquin river delta estuary...
TRANSCRIPT
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Methylmercury TMDL & Implementation Plan for the
Sacramento-San Joaquin RiverDelta Estuary
2006 National Monitoring Conference
Michelle Wood
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Outline
TMDL Primer Why a MeHg TMDL? The Delta MeHg TMDL
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Federal Clean Water Act
Section 303(d)Requires Total Maximum Daily Loads for waterways that don’t meet WQ standards even after
controlling point sources
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Definition of TMDL:
The amount of a pollutant that a water body can receive and still
meet water quality standards (assimilative capacity)
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TMDL Elements
Problem statement Numeric target Source analysis Linkage analysis Allocations
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A TMDLWithout Implementation:
Ghost Regulation State Porter-Cologne Water
Quality Control Act Requires Regional Boards to
implement TMDLs TMDL implementation plans are
amended into State water quality plans (“Basin Plans”)
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Central Valley
Mercury TMDLs
Delta
Clear Lake
Cache Creek Bear Creek
Harley GulchPutah Creek
American R.
Feather R.
SacramentoRiver
San Joaquin R.
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The Delta
R
S
F
>1100 mi waterwaysDrains ~1/3 of CA
Reg
ion
5
ReduceCentral Valley
Mercury Outflows by 110 Kg/yr110 Kg/yr
Sacramento
Tracy
StocktonAntioch
Brentwood
Reg
ion
2
San Francisco Bay
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MethylmercuryMost toxic form of mercury (a potent
neurotoxicant)
Sulfate-reducing bacteria convert mercury to MeHg
>90% mercury in top trophic level fish is MeHg
Exposure to MeHg is through consumption of fish & shellfish
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MeHg Bioaccumulates…
Delta Water : Largemouth Bass
1: 6,500,000
0.1 ng/l
1 mg/kg
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Atmospheric dep.
Urban & WWTP
Geothermal springs & Naturally enriched soils
Urban & WWTP
Wetlands
Agricultural Lands /Delta Islands
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Concerns about Focusing Control Program on Only Inorganic Hg
Millions of kilograms released to waterways by historic mining
Much remains in channels & may be untreatable
Necessitate reliance on natural erosion as a reduction strategy
May take centuries to wash the mercury from the waterways
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Interrupt the Methylation Cycle
Identify sources of MeHg Reduce methylation, and/or Reduce mercury sources that supply the
methylation sources
Shorten time to see fish tissue improvements from centuries to decades
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Outline
TMDL Primer Why a MeHg TMDL?
The Delta MeHg TMDL
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MeHg TMDL Elements Numeric target (a.k.a. WQO) Source analysis Linkage analysis Implementation plan with
Allocations Monitoring and evaluation
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Numeric Target
Protect humans and wildlife
Main factor: fish consumption rates
There are many options…
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Alternative Targets for Human ProtectionObjective
(catfish & bass, mg/kg)
Safe Consumption Amounts for Humans& Implications
0.58
• One 8 oz. meal every 2 weeks of a mixture of fish (USEPA default criterion of 0.3ppm)
• Does not protect fish-eating wildlife• Delta anglers eat mostly catfish & bass
0.24• One 8 oz. meal of a mixture of fish every week• Protects fish-eating wildlife & sport anglers
0.16 • One 8 oz. meal of bass/catfish per week
0.05
• FourFour 8 oz. meals every week of bass/catfish• Protects anglers who catch local fish as primary
source of protein
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Wildlife Targets
Food Group / Species
TLFG Target
Large TL4 Goal
TL4 Fish (150-500 mm)Bald eagle 0.31 0.31
TL3 Fish (150-500 mm)Bald eagle 0.11 0.35
TL4 Fish (150-350 mm)Osprey 0.26 0.33
River otter 0.36 0.45TL3 Fish (150-350 mm)
Western grebe 0.08 0.29Common merganser 0.09 0.34
Osprey 0.09 0.34TL3 Fish (50-150 mm)
Kingfisher 0.05 0.63Mink 0.08 0.91
River otter 0.04 0.50Double-crested cormorant 0.09 0.98
TL3 (<50 mm)California least tern 0.03 0.36
Western snowy plover 0.10 1.20
LargeTL4 Fish
0.29
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Large TL4 Fish: 0.24 ppm Humans: 1 meal/week of mixed bag Protects piscivorous wildlife species
Small TL3 Fish: 0.03 ppm Protects wildlife consuming small fish
where there are no big fish to monitor
Recommended Targets
Key Policy Question
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MeHg Linkage
Links targets to sources using the Delta-specific mathematical relationship between water and fish MeHg concentrations
Determines a MeHg goal for ambient water
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MeHg Sampling Locations
Used in Linkage
TL4 Fish – LMB –
Water –
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Weighted Average
MeHg Levels in TL4 Fish
(mg/kg)
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Large-mouthBass
Lengthvs.
MeHgConc.
Central Delta (Mildred Island)
y = 1E-05x1.68
R2 = 0.6405
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600Length (mm)
Mer
cury
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/kg
)
0.19
Mokelumne River (Interstate 5)
y = 7E-07x2.4267
R2 = 0.8704
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600Length (mm)
Mer
cury
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/kg
) 1.04
Sacramento River (RM44/Isleton)
y = 1E-08x3.0891
R2 = 0.7791
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600Length (mm)
Mer
cury
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/kg
)
0.72
San Joaquin River (Vernalis)
y = 5E-06x2.0184
R2 = 0.6935
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600Length (mm)
Mer
cury
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/kg
)
0.68
West Delta (Sherman Lake)
y = 0.0318e0.0065x
R2 = 0.6249
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600Length (mm)
Mer
cury
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/kg
)
0.31
350 mm
0.191.04
0.72 0.68
0.31
Good methodfor evaluating
long-term changes!
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Human Target [150-500 mm TL4 Fish]
y = 1.1725x
R2 = 0.9322
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2TL Food Group MeHg Conc (mg/kg)
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0-m
m L
MB
Me
Hg
Co
nc
(mg
/kg
)
0.24
0.28
TL4 Fish WQO & 350 mm LMB Hg Goal
Target forTL4 Fish
ImplementationGoal for LMB
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y = 20.365x1.6374
R2 = 0.91
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
Unfiltered Aqueous MeHg (ng/l)
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0-m
m L
MB
Me
Hg
(m
g/k
g)
0.28
0.073
350 mm LMB MeHg Goal & Average Annual Water MeHg Goal
ImplementationGoal for
Ambient Water:0.06 ng/l
as an annual average
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RecommendedControl Program
1. Control MeHg sources
2. Control TotHg sources
3. Reduce MeHg exposure to the fish eating public
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5-Year Study Period:
Conduct studies to characterize & control existing MeHg & Hg concentrations and loads
GOALS: Address uncertainty in load estimates
Develop technically & economically feasible controls
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0
1
2
3
4
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65
Facilities
Me
Hg
Co
nc
. (n
g/l)
Preliminary Municipal WWTP MeHg Monitoring Results
26 < 0.05 ng/l
33 > 0.1 ng/l
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Mercury Offset ProgramEnable beneficial projects
to proceed even ifon-site mercury controls
are not feasible
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Timeline
Within 30 years: If implement MeHg controls, achieve measurable reductionsin fish tissue mercury
100+ years: Fully achieve WQO
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Adaptive ImplementationAdaptive Implementation
ActionEvaluate
Monitor
Lower Fish MeHg
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Next StepsReport for scientific peer review
Release draft BPA staff report
Board Hearing in Fall/Winter 2006
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Acknowledgments
Data, Methods & Ideas
SFEI, UCDavis, SRWP, CMPSF Water Board staff, DHS, OEHHA, DFG,
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, USGS, USFWS
***CALFED Mercury Program***
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Questions & Discussion
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Weighted Average
MeHg Levels in TL4 Fish
(mg/kg)0.26
0.57
0.920.56
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Average Annual
Ambient MeHg Levels
in Water(ng/l)
0.05
0.3
0.15
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Delta MeHg SourcesAverage Annual Loads
DeltaIslands
2%Urban0.42%
Open Water15%Tributary
Inputs63%
Within-Delta
Sources38%
WetlandHabitats
16%
Wastewater4%
Atmospheric Deposition
0.17%
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San Joaquin Subregion Methylmercury Sources
Total Loading: ~478 g/yr
Tributaries77%
OtherInputs23%
Wastewater9%
Agri-culturalLands
5%
Wetlands4%
OpenWater
4% Urban1%
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Yolo Bypass Subregion Methylmercury Sources
Total Loading: ~1,000 g/yr
AgriculturalLands
2%
OpenWater
8%
Other Inputs49%
Wetlands39%Tributaries
51%