1 mobilization of coal supply irade – energy conclave 2006 dr. d. m. kale
TRANSCRIPT
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Mobilization Mobilization of coal of coal supply supply
IRADe – Energy Conclave 2006IRADe – Energy Conclave 2006Dr. D. M. Kale Dr. D. M. Kale
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The way forward…………The way forward…………
To implement the integrated energy To implement the integrated energy policy policy
for coal mobilisation , while caring for for coal mobilisation , while caring for the beautiful biosphere of our blue the beautiful biosphere of our blue planet , isplanet , is
Embrace Coal Gasification.Embrace Coal Gasification.
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Assuming all the best things happenAssuming all the best things happen
We still need to mobilise
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Coal , the God’s gift as frozen ancient Sunlight, Coal , the God’s gift as frozen ancient Sunlight,
1432.5 Million 1432.5 Million tonstons
Per annum by Per annum by 20322032
From current From current 400+Mt.400+Mt.
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Heat (HHV)Heat (HHV)
PollutionPollutionAsh Ash
COCO22
NONOxx
SOSOxx
Low energy Low energy efficiencyefficiency
Coal – Energy ConversionCoal – Energy Conversion
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PollutionPollution
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Environment Cost of Pollution Emission in gm/kWh
““If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it …to measure is to know”…to measure is to know” - - Lord KelvinLord Kelvin
SourceSource CO2CO2 NO2NO2 SOxSOx
CoalCoal 322322 1.8001.800 3.4003.400
OilOil 258258 0.6800.680 1.7001.700
N.GasN.Gas 178178 0.9000.900 0.0010.001
NuclearNuclear 008008 0.0030.003 0.0300.030
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Can we do it……Can we do it……
Good newsGood news
Coal GasificationCoal GasificationMethane ExtractionMethane Extraction
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Coal gasification - Controlled Coal gasification - Controlled combustion of coal & obtain syn gas. combustion of coal & obtain syn gas.
Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Underground Coal Gasification (UCG)
Surface Coal Gasification (SCG)Surface Coal Gasification (SCG)
Coal GasificationCoal Gasification
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Two boreholes are drilled into the coal seam
UCG - ConceptUCG - Concept
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Coal is ignited, combustion is maintained by injecting air or oxygen and steam
UCG - ConceptUCG - Concept
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The resulting gases are brought to surface by the second bore hole
UCG - ConceptUCG - Concept
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UCG - ConceptUCG - Concept
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Coal
UCG UCG - Products- Products
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UN MINEABLE COAL RESOURCES : 210.14 Billion tons
UN MINEABLE LIGNITE RESOURCES : 32.76 Billion tons
TOTAL UNMINEABLE RESOURCES : 242.90 Billion tons
PERCENTAGE OF COAL AMENABLE TO UCG : 30 %
COAL RESERVES AMENABLE TO UCG : 72.87 Billion tons
UCG GAS (considering 2700 m3/ton) : 196.749 Trillion m3
NATURAL GAS EQUIVALENT : 19.67 Trillion m3
CALORIFIC VALUE OF PRODUCED GAS : 3- 5 MJ/m3CALORIFIC VALUE OF NATURAL GAS = 38 MJ/m3
UCG UCG - Potential- Potential
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Coal Reserves estimated by ONGC in Gujarat :Coal Reserves estimated by ONGC in Gujarat :
Patan Tharad blockPatan Tharad block :60 Billion tons:60 Billion tons
Ahmedabad Mehsana blockAhmedabad Mehsana block :63 Billion tons:63 Billion tons
Natural Gas Equivalent of UCG Natural Gas Equivalent of UCG
from these block with 20% conversion of coal from these block with 20% conversion of coal Reserves Reserves : : 6 Trillion M6 Trillion M33
UCG – Potential Gujarat
Indian Natural Gas reserves 1 Trillion M3
UCG UCG – Potential ( The hidden – Potential ( The hidden Treasure !)Treasure !)
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UCG UCG - Utility- Utility
Power
Nitrogenous Fertilizers
Petrochemicals (MTO, MTP technology)
Liquid Fuels (GTL technology)
SYN GAS
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UCG UCG – Project Timeline– Project Timeline
UCG - Road Map
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Facilitates exploitation of deep / Facilitates exploitation of deep / unminable coal reservesunminable coal reserves
Higher efficiency coupled with low Higher efficiency coupled with low capital costs than conventional coal-capital costs than conventional coal-fired stationfired station
Eliminates SOEliminates SO22 emission emission
Radio active ash remains deep down…Radio active ash remains deep down…
UCG UCG - Advantage- Advantage
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Environmentally friendly Environmentally friendly
Significant reduction in CO2, SOx, NOx Significant reduction in CO2, SOx, NOx emissionsemissions
No Waste disposal No Waste disposal (Ash Trapped Underground)(Ash Trapped Underground)
Reduced emission of Green House Gases Reduced emission of Green House Gases by COby CO22 Sequestration Sequestration
Short Construction and Commissioning Short Construction and Commissioning TimeTime
UCG UCG - Advantage- Advantage
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Replacing underground mines under Replacing underground mines under complicated, risky conditions of complicated, risky conditions of operation. operation.
Environmental protection. Environmental protection.
Augment and replace dwindling Augment and replace dwindling valuable fuels as oil and gasvaluable fuels as oil and gas
UCG UCG - Advantage- Advantage
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Surface Coal Surface Coal Gasification (SCG)Gasification (SCG)
A process for converting Coal deposits into Gas insitu.
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Surface Coal Surface Coal Gasification (SCG)Gasification (SCG)
Process Flow ChartProcess Flow Chart
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Coal Gasification Gasifier Coal Gasification Gasifier InternalsInternals
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Surface Coal GasificationSurface Coal GasificationHighlights of TechnologyHighlights of Technology
Equipment Design lifetime – typically 25 years
Robust membrane wall, No lining repair required.
Coal burner life time > 20,000 Hrs proven
High carbon conversion
High cold gas efficiency, > 80% LHV
Easy single gasifier scale up – to 40,000 TPD of coal.
Single Gasifier availability expected at 95%
Maintenance sht down 3 week every 2 year.
Recommanded inspection shut down (1-2 week)
Unscheduled downtime not factored in.
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Surface Coal Surface Coal Gasification (SCG)Gasification (SCG)
Possible Process Flow StreamPossible Process Flow Stream
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Where are others ? ChinaWhere are others ? China
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Extensive R&D activity funded by DOEExtensive R&D activity funded by DOE
Contemplating to have poly-generation Contemplating to have poly-generation plants with capture and sequestration of COplants with capture and sequestration of CO22
Scale of dreams - 70 large plants to Scale of dreams - 70 large plants to generate 35 GW power and 2.4 million generate 35 GW power and 2.4 million barrels a day of zero sulfur liquid fuel barrels a day of zero sulfur liquid fuel utilizing 350 MMtpa of coal…syn gas parksutilizing 350 MMtpa of coal…syn gas parks
Where are others ? USA Where are others ? USA
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Environment – Power Environment – Power PerspectivePerspective
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Coal GasificationCoal Gasification
Environmental Benefits….Environmental Benefits…. Gas suitable for high-Gas suitable for high-
efficiency power efficiency power generation.generation.
High-pressure product gas High-pressure product gas can be easily treated.can be easily treated.
COCO22 capture & capture & sequestration.sequestration.
Cavity potential future Cavity potential future sequestration locations.sequestration locations.
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BackgroundBackground
Global concern on rising concentration of COGlobal concern on rising concentration of CO22
Increased from 280 to 370 ppmIncreased from 280 to 370 ppm
Rise in CO2 Concentration (Mauna Loa)
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Capture
Utilisation
Disposal
• EOR• Coalbed Methane
• Depleted Oil & gas reservoirs
• Saline formations• Salt caverns• Mineralisation• Deep oceans
Carbon Sequestration
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Decision requiring attentionDecision requiring attention
Royalty for coal in case of UCG need be nominal Royalty for coal in case of UCG need be nominal since without UCG resource can not be exploited.since without UCG resource can not be exploited.
Initially low tariffs to encourage investments.Initially low tariffs to encourage investments.
Power generation from UCG needs special fiscal Power generation from UCG needs special fiscal regime. regime.
Deploying UCG / SCG syn-gas towards chemical Deploying UCG / SCG syn-gas towards chemical feedstock and for liquefaction needs R&D as well as feedstock and for liquefaction needs R&D as well as high incentives.high incentives.
Coal need to be specially mined and allocated for Coal need to be specially mined and allocated for SCG.SCG.
UCG / SCGUCG / SCG– Policies– Policies
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Get Convinced ….Get Convinced ….
And then …….And then …….
PUSH Hard !!!!!!!!!!!!!PUSH Hard !!!!!!!!!!!!!
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