1 module 3 ignition control. 2 terminal objectives upon the successful completion of this module,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Module 3
Ignition Control
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Terminal Objectives
Upon the successful completion of this module, participants will be able to explain the work procedures for controlling ignition.
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Enabling Objectives
• Identify the five elements present in a dust explosion.
• Identify ignition sources.• Discuss hot work permits and
Lockout/Tagout (LOTO).• Discuss use of separator devices.• Identify classifications applicable to
combustible dust contained in the National Electric Code (NEC).
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5 Elements for Dust Explosion
• Combustible dust in fine particles• Oxygen• Dust dispersed into air• Energy source to ignite mixture• Confinement
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Triangle and Pentagon
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Ignition Sources
• Anything that delivers enough energy for ignition
• Examples– Static electricity– Hot surface– Open flame or ember– Electric arcs and sparks
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Ignition Sources
• Examples– Industrial trucks– Powder actuated tools– Smoldering nests– Heat from accidental mechanical impact
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Static Electricity
• Electrical charging of materials• Charging through physical contact• Properly ground to prevent discharge
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Hot Surfaces
• Any surface that exceeds min. auto-ignition temperature
• Combustible dust/liquids on hot surface
• Combustible liquids– Lubricants– Oils
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Open Flame/Glowing Ember
• Eliminate all open flames or embers• Potential sources
– Candles– Smoking– Flares– Matches/lighters– Furnances
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Electric Arcs and Sparks
• Electric Arc– Continuous discharge of a current– formed when strong current jumps gap
• Spark– Random, momentary discharge
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Industrial Trucks
• Creates spark when engine engaged• Spark can occur in
– Starter– Combustion– Backfire
• Diesel engine– Gases sucked in/shutoff not possible
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Powder Actuated Tools
• Provides spark when bullet is fired• Concussion from firing can shake
dust loose
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Smoldering Nests
• Collection of material in dust environment
• Material can smolder• Chemical/biological reaction
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Accidental Mechanical Impact
• Can occur in rotating equipment• Repeated impact creates hot spots• Spark can occur if material is capable
– Titanium– Some aluminums
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Hot Work
• Obtain permit PRIOR to hot work• Combustible material
– If possible remove all material– Remove outside 35-foot radius– Cover with flame retardant tarps if
unmovable
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Electrical Lockout/Tagout
• Used to prevent sparks• Eliminates accidental ignition
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Separator Devices
• Removes foreign materials capable of igniting dust
• Isolation device must be installed– When using air separation air device– Install on return air lines
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Intrinsically Safe Devices
• Equipment/wiring incapable of releasing sufficient energy to cause ignition
• Examples– Pressure, flow, and level switches– Solenoid valves– thermocouples
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Explosion Proof Devices
• Use explosion proof devices– Light fixtures– Engine switches– Pumps/motors
• Sole option when IS-rated device is unavailable
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National Electric Code
• Standard for safe installation of electrical wiring/equipment
• Part of National Fire Codes• 1st published in 1897• Updated every 3 years
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National Electric Code
• NEC Classification-Article 500– Class: designates type of flammable
substance– Group: designates specific substances– Division: designates likelihood of
flammable substances
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National Electric Code-Class II Dusts
• Group E: combustible metal dusts• Group F: combustible carbonaceous
dusts• Group G: other combustible dusts
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Next Module
Module 4: Support Systems