1 next generation biofuels
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Next Generation Biofuels
http://www.aces.uiuc.edu/news/News_Photos/miscanthus2/pages/miscanthus2.htmlhttp://www.greenoptions.com/wiki/algae-biofuelhttp://wondersmania.blogspot.com/2009/11/is-rain-is-produced-through-bacteria.html
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• What is a biofuel?– Fuel made from living matter
The NEED Project: 30 Years of Energy Education 2
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First Generation Biofuels – fuels used today
3http://www.etftrends.com/2010/10/corn-etfs-powered-ethanol-shift/ http://knowledge.allianz.com/http://www.biofuels.ru/biodiesel/what_bd/
Corn Ethanol
• More energy in than out
• Low Yield
• Competes for cropland
• Heavily subsidized by
government
Vegetable oil biodiesel
• Compete for cropland
• Low Yield
• Reduces diversity in cleared areas
Biogas
• Not concentrated enough
• Not enough demand
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Second Generation Biofuels – fuels used tomorrow
http://www.aces.uiuc.edu/news/News_Photos/miscanthus2/pages/miscanthus2.htmlhttp://energytechstocks.com/wp/?m=200804&paged=2http://www.theresilientearth.com/?q=content/killing-biofuels
Cellulosic Ethanol – ethanol produced from wood, grasses, or the non-edible parts of plants
Cellulose – a complex carbohydrate that supports plant structure. Most abundant naturally occurring molecule on the planetProblems – expensive enzymes, requires fertilizers and land-use problems
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Third Generation Biofuels – fuels for the future
NREL
Algae Biofuel – ethanol or biodiesel derived from algae biomass
Advantages – Fast growing, absorbs CO2, can use wastewater and non-arable land
Problems – Expensive to grow and harvest, contamination, unknown co-product yields
Crop Oil Yield (gallons/acre)Corn 18
Cotton 35Soybean 48
Mustard Seed 61Sunflower 102
Rapeseed/Canola 127Jatropha 202Oil Palm 635
Algae (10 g/m2/day at 15% TAG) 1,200
Algae (50 g/m2/day at 50% TAG) 10,000
http://client-ross.com/lifecycle-workshop/docs/2.3_Attia_Sapphire_6-9-09pm.pdf
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Fourth Generation Biofuels – fuels for the future
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Agarplate_redbloodcells_edit.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpghttp://www.theperfectpantry.com/2008/04/yeast.htmlhttp://www.microscopesblog.com/2010/01/protozoa.html
What is a microbe?
Microbes – organisms that can only be observed using a microscope such as a bacteria, fungus, protozoa or a virus (not a technical term)
o Bacteriao Cyanobacteria o Yeasto Fungus
Why Use Microbes?
o Easily Genetically Modified
o Material for growth already in use (Fermenters)