1. one important of macronutrient. each one gm of fat yield 9 kcal of energy. importance of fat :...
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Fats
one important of macronutrient . each one gm of fat yield 9 kcal of
energy . importance of fat : 1-source of energy & storage . 2-essential nutrient supply . 3-food satiety [ feeling of taste ,& add
flavor to food , slow gastric emptying .
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Function of Fat :
1-energy production . 2-thermal insulation . 3-vital organ protection . 4-nerve impulse transmission . 5-enter in cell membrane structure & help in
transportation of nutrient cross the cell membrane .
6-enter in cell metabolism { lipo protein carry fat in the blood to all cells }.
7-essential precursor substance{ fatty acid & cholesterol }.
N B : too much of fat store in adipose tissue lead to increase body WT hypertension ,heart disease ,diabetes mellitus .
*physical characteristic of fat : greasy in touch ,insoluble in water .
*types of fat : 1- saturated fat : comes from animal origin ,fatty
acid saturated with hydrogen . 2- monosaturated fat : comes from plant origin as
olive oil ,fatty acid saturated with one hydrogen ion .
3- poly saturated fat : fatty acid is saturated with two or more of hydrogen ion ,comes from plant source as coconut oil, palm oil .
*essential fatty acid : the body cant manufacture it &
therefore must obtain it from the diet . -function : @ membrane structure { strength the
cell membrane }. @cholesterol transport to blood . @has role in blood clotting prolonged of
clotting time @ local hormone like effect
{ prostaglandin ,prostacycline thromboxane ,& leukotriens
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Prostaglandins :
1stly discovered in the semen which comes from prostatic gland .
Has role in smooth mulched tone & platelet aggregation .
Derived from fatty acid Hormone like action ,regulation of
gastric acid secretion. Has role in inflammatory process & body
temp. control . Lower of Bp .
*Triglycerides
Three fatty acid chains attached with glycerol ,[ monoglycerids ,diglycerids ,triglycerides ].
saturated fatty acid comes from animal source as milk , meat ,eggs .
unsaturated fat comes from plant source as vegetable oils .
visible & hidden food fat : visible butter, margarine ,oil salad
dressing ,bacon & cream . hidden fat : egg yolk is fat , white is pure
protein , also nuts seeds , olives ,avocadoes
*cholesterol :
Run in blood stream , consider vital structure in human metabolism , origin from steroid .
essential in formation of bile . enter in enzymatic digestion of fat . found in large amount in the brain
&nerve tissue . essential component of cell membrane . cholesterol has role in cardio vascular
disease { atherosclerosis }.
NB: Lipoprotein is a mixture of lipid &
protein . -HDL: high density lipoprotein . -LDL: low density lipo protein . * digestion of fat: -in the mouth fat break down into small
particles by chewing & mastication . -in the stomach mechanical mixing of
fat with gastric secretion .
- in the small intestine , bile secretion & pancreatic enzyme , with small intestine secretion digest fat .
- because fat is not water soluble unite with protein to form lipo protein go to lymphatic system for absorption .
- metabolism : burn out of fat to produce energy .
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Thanks for Your Attention!
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