1

Optical network CERNET's experience and prospective

Xing Li , Congxiao Bao

2004-02

2

Outline

CERNET Introduction

CERNET Operation Experience

Link Bandwidth and IP address Estimation

Next Generation Plan

Conclusion

3

Introduction

China Education and Research Network (CERNE

T) is the first and largest academic Internet backbo

ne in China.

The CERNET project was started in 1994.

4

CERNET Statistics (1)

8 national Pops are connected via 2.5Gbps DWDM links 30 provincial Pops are connected via multiple 155Mbps S

DH links 38 GigaPops distributed in 36 cities, covering all the provi

nces in Mainland China. 300 campus networks connect to their nearest Pops via 100

Mbps-1Gbps links. 1,200 education and research institutions connected and pr

ovide Internet connectivity 12 million users 320 million students/school kids

5

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

CERNET Statistics (2)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Member Hosts

Users

6

CERNET Statistics (3)

7

CERNET Topology

徐闻

长春

哈尔滨

乌鲁木齐

拉萨

西宁兰州银川

呼和浩特

台北

沈阳

南昌

西安 徐州

武汉 合肥

郑州

石家庄

北京

南宁

广州

福州

杭州上海

南京

天津

贵阳

海口三亚

湛江

无锡

大连

太原 济南 烟台

成都

长沙

重庆 黄梅

九江

昆明

青岛

汕头

唐山

汉中

宜昌

珠海深圳惠州

柳州百色 厦门

主干网地区网

GigaPop

Pop

桂林

深圳

8

CERNET Performance Matrix

9

CERNET Link History

1995– 64K leased lines link to 8 regional network centers

1996– 512K leased lines link to 8 regional network centers

– 9.6K X.25 or 64K leased line to 28 provincial centers

1997– 3.7M point-to-point satellite link to 8 regional network centers

– 64K point-to-point satellite link to 12 remote provincial centers

1999– 155M SDH link to 8 regional network centers

10

CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (1)

CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project was completed in 2001.

This project using more than 20,000KM dark fiber to build CERNET's

own transport network.

It is a network with 40 Gbps (16 x 2.5 Gbps) capacity and provides 2.

5Gbps Internet connectivity to 8 GigaPops and multiple 155Mbps Inte

rnet connectivity to 16 cities.

CERNET has Pops in 36 cities covering all the provincial capitals and

some big cities.

There were about more than 1000 universities connected.

11

CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (2)

大连

北京

郑州

石家庄

武汉

合肥

南京

上海

长沙

南昌 杭

州

广州

福州

成都

昆明

重庆

厦门

海口

桂林

沈阳

哈尔滨

天津

济南

南宁

深圳

太原

青岛

12

CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (3)

北京

西安

成都

广州

武汉

南京上海

沈阳

乌鲁木齐

银川

兰州

西宁

昆明

贵阳拉萨

重庆

桂林

南宁

海口深圳

长沙

郑州 合肥

济南

青岛

南昌杭州

福州

厦门

大连

长春 哈尔滨

呼和浩特

天津石家庄

太原1

2

3

4

5

6

7

10

8

11

9I D

D

D

1314

15

16

17

18

1920

21

22

23

24

2526

27

29

2830

3132

35

34 3637

3839

41

40

42

37

45

44

47

46

48

49

13

Current Architecture (4)

DWDM 16x2.5G Lucent

SDH 16x155M Lucent

Router Cisco Router Cisco

2.5G

2.5G

155M

Dark Fiber

14

CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (5)

15

Typical Site Configuration Example

To Beijing To Hefei

(Ring1)

OLS80G6x155M(e)+4x155M(e)

To Guangzhou5x155M(e)

ADM16/1

(Ring2)

(Ring3)

2.5G To Beijing2.5G To Nanjing

2.5G To Guangzhou

TimingTSG3800

PRR-10 GSP48VPower

To University

9x155M(o)+5x155M(o)+4x155M(o)

ADM16/1

ADM16/1

ADM16/1

2x15

5Me)

ADM16/1

3x155M(e)4x155M(e)

OLS80G

3c

3c

9c1c

2c

3c

3c

1c

2c

9c

9c

2c

1c 1c

9c

4c2.5G To Chengdu

4x155M(e)

To Chengdu

2c

4c

3c

9c

OLS80G

OLS80G

OLS80G

OLS80G

16

Bandwidth Comparison

0.001

0.1

10

1000

100000

10000000

Dec-

94

Dec-

96

Dec-

98

Dec-

00

Dec-

02

CERNET

US

17

CERNET Operation Experience

Bandwidth is never enough

Protection can be done in layer 3

Unified network management system is desirable

Flow control and security is essential

18

Bandwidth is never enough But after 3 to 12 months, the links were congested again and the users were

shouting for a higher bandwidth. It seems that the optical network is the only

solution.

19

Protection can be done in layer 3

北京

郑州

西安

武汉 合肥 上海

南昌 杭州

广州

成都

沈阳

南宁

天津

福州

重庆

济南大连

长春 哈尔滨

长沙

南京

厦门

兰州

深圳

石家庄

银川西宁

乌鲁木齐

昆明贵阳拉萨

太原呼和浩特

青岛

桂林海口

20

Unified network management system is desirable

21

Flow Control and Security is Essential

22

Link Bandwidth and IP Address Estimation

University Connectivity Demand

School connectivity Demand

Economical Considerations

23

University Connectivity Demand

16 Million students enrolled in 2003 universities and institutes located

in more than 260 cities in Mainland China in year 2002.

The average number of enrollment per university/institute is about 8,0

00 students.

If 1 Mbps connectivity is required per student, an average sized campu

s network will need about 8 Gbps of aggregated bandwidth.

When 80 vs. 20 rule applied, the CERNET backbone should provide 4

Tbps aggregated bandwidth reaching more than 260 cities.

For one IP address per student assignment, 1 /8 space is needed.

24

School connectivity Demand

The student population in Mainland China is about 300 Million in 200

2. There are about 1.2Million schools.

If 0.5 Mbps connectivity is required per head with 80 vs. 20 rule appli

ed, the CERNET backbone should provide 30 Tbps aggregated bandw

idth.

For one IP address per head assignment, 19 /8 spaces are needed.

25

Economical Considerations

The calculated bandwidth should be provided with affordable price,

which should be able cover

– the link to the global Internet

– the port to other Internet backbone in China

– the construction and operation CERNET backbone

– the metropolitan networks and the campus networks

What can be collected

– University student 30 RMB/month

– School kids 3 RMB/month

26

Next Generation Plan

CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan

CNGI and CERNET2 plan

Next Generation Network Exchange Point Dragon

Tap

IPv6 Service

Multicast Service

Advanced Applications

27

CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan (1)

5 Gbps to 5 cities, 2.5Gbps to 20 cities

CERNET IDS

CERNET Transport

CERNET IP Backbone

重点学科信息服务体系

大型仪器设备共享

数字图书馆及

中美图书百万册

其他各种教育信息化应用

教育科研网格ChinaGrid

28

CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan (2)

上海

沈阳

大连

长春 哈尔滨

北京

郑州西安

武汉

合肥

杭州

广州

成都

天津

重庆

济南

厦门

长沙

南京

福州

兰州

银川西宁

乌鲁木齐

太原呼和浩特

昆明贵阳拉萨

南宁

深圳桂林海口

南昌

石家庄青岛

29

CNGI Backbones

CPN

主干网1 主干网2 主干网n

MAN

Global IPv6

MAN MAN

GigaPoPGigaPoP GigaPoP GigaPoP

GigaPoP

GigaPoP GigaPoP

6IX

CPNCPN CPN CPN

30

CERNET2 plan

北京

郑州西安

武汉 合肥 上海

杭州

广州

成都

沈阳

天津

重庆

济南

厦门

大连

长春 哈尔滨

长沙

南京

兰州

10G

2.5G

用户接入网 用户接入网 用户接入网

用户接入网 用户接入网

用户接入网

用户接入网

用户接入网用户接入网用户接入网

用户接入网

用户接入网

用户接入网

用户接入网

用户接入网用户接入网

用户接入网 用户接入网 用户接入网

10 Gbps to 5 cities, 2.5Gbps to 20 cities

31

CERNET NSFCNET CSTNET

GEANT（ EU）

APAN（ AP）

Abilene（ US）

DRAGONTAP

45M

155M s

10M bps/

45M /155M /

622M /2.5G

2M /

45M

STARTAP

Next Generation Network Exchange Point DragonTap

32

Advanced Applications

33

Conclusions

China is a developing country, the education modernization is the key

for its future development.

Providing Internet connectivity to all the universities and schools is

one of the major step in the modernization process.

CERNET architecture board is planning to upgrade the national

backbone, the metropolitan networks and the campus networks again

for higher performance and better manageability for affordable cost.

The scalability of providing Internet services to all the educational

population in Mainland China is the key of success.