1 osh2-emergency
DESCRIPTION
Occupational safety and healthTRANSCRIPT
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Preparing for emergencies
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The Rationale for Emergency Preparation:
Workplace Emergency: Unforeseen situation that threatens your employees, customers, or the public; disrupts or shuts down your operations; or cause physical or environmental damage. Sudden and unexpected Caused by natural or by humans
Involves a combination of: Planning; Practicing; Evaluating, and; Adjustment
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The Rationale for Emergency Preparation: Types of emergencies:
Fire Explosion Release/spill of hazardous substances Toxic gas releases Radiological accidents Civil disturbance Natural events – flood, cyclones, hurricanes,
tornadoes, etc. Bomb threats Workplace violence resulting in bodily harm &
trauma, e.g. strike – esp.at chemical factory Plane crash
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Speed in Response: Can mean the difference:
Life or death
Minimal or extensive damage
Potential fines assessed
A quick response occurs as a result of proper planning:
Prevents panic
Decreases the likelihood of injury and damage
Brings a situation under control in a timely manner
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Components Of Emergency Planning
Emergency Planning
Emergency Notification
Toxic Chemical Release Reporting
Information Requirements
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Emergency Planning: Incorporates Local Emergency Planning
Committees (LEPCs)
e.g. ERT at company/community (e.g. flood)
Incorporates State Emergency Response Commissions (SERCS)
e.g. BOMBA, Jabatan Pertahanan Awam, dsn.
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Emergency Planning Commissions
LEPCs: Required to develop emergency response plans for local communities, host public forums, select planning coordinators for the community, and work in developing local plans
SERCs: Oversee LEPCs, review their emergency response plans
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AGENSI PENYELAMAT & BADAN-BADAN SUKARELA
AGENSI PENYELAMAT UTAMA
AGENSI PENYELAMAT
SOKONGAN
AGENSI BANTUAN & PEMULIHAN
• Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat, Malaysia
• Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance & Rescue Team (SMART)
• Polis DiRaja Malaysia (PDRM)• Perkhidmatan Perubatan
Kecemasan• Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (ATM)
• Jabatan Pertahanan Awam (JPA3)
• Mana-mana pasukan khas yang ditubuhkan
• Pejabat Daerah• Majlis Tempatan• Jabatan Kebajikan
Masyarakat• Jabatan Kerja Raya• Jabatan Pertahanan Awan
(JPA 3)• Ikatan Relawan Rakyat
Malaysia (RELA)• Tenaga Nasional Berhad
(TNB)• Syarikat Telekom Malaysia
Berhad (STMB)• Persatuan Bulan Sabit Merah• St. John Ambulance• Mana-mana agensi & badan
sukarela yang lain
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Emergency Notification:
Emergency Notification of chemical spills: Above required volumes of release:
Names of the substances released
Where the release occurred
When the release occurred
The estimated amount of the release
Known hazards to people and property
Recommended pre-cautions
The name of a contact person in the company
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Toxic Chemical Release Reporting
Companies must report the total amount of toxic substances released to either the Environmental Protection Agency or the state specific environmental agency
Types of releases: Emissions, hazardous waste solids
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Emergency Response Plans: Can incorporate an “Incident Command System
“ICS”
Provides one person in charge – incident commander
Assigns team or individual assignments for the response
Provides a communication system
Radio
Reports, checklists, updates
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Incident Command System (ICS)
Model tool for command,control and coordination of a response
Provides a means to coordinate the efforts of individual agencies of having a common goal of stabilizing incidents and protecting life, property and environment.
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Incident Command System (ICS)
When is ICS used?
Hazardous materials (HAZMAT) incidents
Planned events (celebrations, parades, concerts, official visits, etc.)
Response to natural hazards
Single and multi agency law enforcement incidents
Lack of comprehensive resource management strategy
Fires
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Incident Command System (ICS)
When is ICS used?
Incidents involving multiple casualties
Multi jurisdictional and multi agency incidents
Air, rail, water, or ground transportation accidents
Wide-area search and rescue missions
Private sector emergency management program
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Incident Command System (ICS)
Applicable:
During a routine emergency
When preparing for a major event
When managing a response to a major disaster
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Incident Command System (ICS)
Incident Commander
Finance/Administration
section
Logistics
section
Operations
section
Planning
section
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Incident Command System (ICS)
ICS Components:
Command
Planning
Finance
Logistics
Operations
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Incident Command System (ICS) ICS Components:
Command – to develop, direct & maintain a viable organization & to keep that organization coordinated with other agencies, elected officials & the public
Planning – support Command & Operations include maintain accurate resource status, gather & analyze situation data, provide displays of situation status, estimate future probabilities, prepare alternative strategies, conduct planning meeting & compile & distribute approved Action Plans
Finance – responsible for financial management & accountability on the incident
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Incident Command System (ICS) ICS Components:
Operations – carry out Command direction include achieve command objectives, direct tactical operations, participate in the planning process, modify Action Plans to meet contingencies, provide intelligence to Planning & Command, maintain discipline & accountability
Logistics - provides all of the personnel, equipment & services required to manage the incident include service branch (communications, food services, medical care) & support branch (provide adequate facilities,obtain supplies & resources & service equipment)
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Incident Command System (ICS)
Incident Commander
Finance/Administration
section
Logistics
section
Operations
section
Planning
section
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Occupational Safety & Health (Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards)
Regulations 1996 Pemakaian:
Peraturan 2: Pepasangan industri seperti di Jadual 4
P. 10: Dokumen demonstrasi operasi selamat
(a) Kenalpasti kemungkinan bahaya kemalangan besar
(b) Ambil langkah-langkah yang mencukupi untuk cegah apa-apa kemalangan & beri maklumat, latihan, peralatan kepada pekerja
(c) Sedia & kemaskini pelan kecemasan tapak
P. 11: Kajian semula demonstrasi operasi selamat
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Occupational Safety & Health (Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards)
Regulations 1996
P. 18 (1) : Sedia dan simpan pelan kecemasan tapak yang terkemaskini & memperinci cara menangani kemalangan besar
P. 21 (1) Menyediakan pelan kecemasan luar tapak bagi kawasan sekitar tapak
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ARAHAN MAJLIS KESELAMATAN NEGARA NO. 20
Dasar dan Mekanisma Pengurusan dan Bantuan Bencana Negara
Faktor bencana disebabkan kehendak alam & kecuaian manusia
Satu sistem pengurusan bencana yang bersepadu bagi menangani apa –apa jenis BENCANA DI DARAT (ribut-taufan, tanah runtuh, epidermik, letupan, kebakaran, bangunan runtuh, dsn.)
Sistem koordinasi yang mantap dan berkesan antara agensi-agensi operasi
Polisi pengurusan bencana yang bersepadu, berkoordinasi dan bersistematik
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ARAHAN MAJLIS KESELAMATAN NEGARA NO. 20
Tahap Pengurusan Bencana
Bencana Tahap I
Berlaku di peringkat daerah (setempat)
Terkawal dan tidak berpotensi untuk merebak
Tidak begitu kompleks
Kehilangan harta benda kecil
Tidak memjejaskan aktiviti harian penduduk setempat secara meluas
Ditangani oleh JPBB Daerah
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ARAHAN MAJLIS KESELAMATAN NEGARA NO. 20
Tahap Pengurusan Bencana
Bencana Tahap II
Meliputi kawasan yang lebih luas atau melebihi dua daerah
Kehilangan nyawa dan kemusnahan harta benda yang banyak
Menjejaskan aktiviti harian masyarakat
Lebih kompleks dan menyulitkan usaha mencari dan menyelamat
Berupaya dikendalikan oleh JPBB Negeri
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ARAHAN MAJLIS KESELAMATAN NEGARA NO. 20
Tahap Pengurusan Bencana
Bencana Tahap III
Sangat besar dan kompleks
Kawasan terlibat telah merebak melebihi dua negeri
Sumber tempatan sudah tidak mencukupi dan memerlukan bantuan dan pertolongan dari lain-lain agensi kecemasan
Menjejaskan aktiviti ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat
JPBB Pusat perlu menangani bencana ini
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Jawatankuasa Pengurusan dan Bantuan Bencana (JPBB)
JAWATAN PANGKAT
Pengerusi Pegawai Daerah
Setiausaha Penolong Pegawai Daerah (Keselamatan)
Komander Operasi Ketua Polis Daerah
Timbalan Komander Operasi
Pegawai Bomba Daerah
TAHAP I
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Jawatankuasa Pengurusan dan Bantuan Bencana (JPBB)
JAWATAN PANGKAT
Pengerusi Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri
Setiausaha Pengarah BKN Negeri
Komander Operasi Ketua Polis Negeri
Timbalan Komander Operasi
Pengarah Bomba Negeri
TAHAP II
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Jawatankuasa Pengurusan dan Bantuan Bencana (JPBB)
JAWATAN PANGKAT
Pengerusi Menteri Yang Dilantik oleh Perdana Menteri
Setiausaha Pengarah Unit Pengurusan Krisis dan Bencana, BKN, Jabatan Perdana Menteri
Komander Operasi Pengarah Keselamatan Dalam Negeri dan Ketenteraman Awam
Timbalan Komander Operasi Timbalan Ketua Pegarah (Operasi) Jabatan Bomba & Penyelamat Malaysia
TAHAP III
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Jawatankuasa Pengurusan dan Bantuan Bencana (JPBB)
NEGERI PENGERUSI SETIAUSAHA KOMANDER OPERASI
TIM. KOMANDER
OPERASI
W. P.
Kuala Lumpur
Datuk Bandar Pengarah BKN, W. P. Kuala Lumpur
Ketua Polis W. P. Kuala Lumpur
Pengarah Bomba W. P. Kuala Lumpur
W. P.
Labuan
Pengarah Pentadbiran
Pengarah BKN, W. P. Labuan
Ketua Polis W. P. Labuan
Pengarah Bomba W. P. Labuan
W. P.
Putra Jaya
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ACT Detail specific requirements to aid in the event of an emergency
Ex. Access to workplace - BOWEC: Regulation 10 & Factory & Machinery (Safety, Health & Welfare) Regulations 1970: R. 7, 8
Exit Requirements (Uniform Building By Law 1984)[Undang-undang Kecil Bangunan Seragam 1984] & Fire Services Act 1988 & Regulations 1997
Types of Exit Requirements:
Exit arrangements
Exit capacities
Exit components
Exit workings
Exit widths
Exterior exit access
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First Aid Requirements
First-aid requirements means the requirement for first aid facilities, services & personnel at a workplace
First-aid facilities means: A first-aid box A first-aid room First-aid equipment, e.g. stretcher, oxygen
equipment
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First Aid Requirements Evacuations/Rescue Cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) Heart attacks Eye injuries Strokes Cuts/abrasions Head injuries
Severe bleeding Choking Burns Chemical burns Seizures Electric shock Falls, etc
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Other Training Requirements: Have well-stocked first aid kits available
Have appropriate PPE devices available
Post emergency telephone numbers, rally points
Evacuation procedures
Keep all employees informed, periodically trained
Test emergency procedures occasionally
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Minimum Contents of Workplace First Aid Kits
Sterile gauze dressings (individually wrapped)
Triangle bandages
Roll of gauze bandages
Assorted adhesive bandages
Adhesive tape
Absorbent cotton
Sterile saline solution
Mild antiseptic for minor wounds
Ipecac syrup to induce vomiting
Powdered activated charcoal to absorb swallowed poisons
Petroleum jelly
Baking soda
Aromatic spirits of ammonia
Scissors
Tweezers
Needles
Sharp knife or stiff-back razor blades
Medicine dropper (eye dropper)
Measuring cup
Oral thermometer
Rectal thermometer
Hot water bag
Wooden safety matches
Flashlight
Rubber surgical gloves
Face masks or mouthpieces
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First Aid – Legal Requirement Section 25 (1) (c) of the Factories & Machinery
Act 1967 Regulation. 38 of the Factories & Machinery
(Safety, Health & Welfare) Regulations 1970 Forth schedule – contents of first aid box
S. 15 (1) OSHA 1994 – to ensure the safety, health & welfare at work for all employees
Guidelines on First-aid Facilities in the workplace
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How To Plan For Emergency
Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) requirements
Components: Procedures: Check-lists, etc. Coordination: Incident Command Systems Assignments/Responsibilities Accident Prevention Strategies Schedules: (drills, response time, etc).
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Customizing Plans: Localization Emergency plans must be location specific to be
effective Tools:
Maps: Locations of exits, access points, evacuation routes, emergency equipment, first aid kits, emergency shut-down buttons, etc.
Chain-of-Command: Organizational chart (should ID names and contact information)
Coordination Information: ID of state and federal agencies for emergency contact
Local Training: In plant training for emergency response (fire drills, spill release training, etc.)
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Emergency Response Teams (ERTs):
Typically composed of individuals from various departments:
Maintenance, security, safety and health, fire, hazardous materials, management, etc.
Emergency Response Networks:
A network of ERTs that can response in a designated geographical area
Ex. Chlorine response by the Chlorine Institute
Mutual response agreements
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Computers and Emergency Response:
Expert Systems: Programmed to solve problems
Rely upon a database of knowledge about a particular subject area
A data-base of typical problems that can result;
A data-base of actions required to minimize the problems experienced
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Dealing With Trauma Trauma – psychological stress that occurs as the result of an event
(disaster or emergency) so shocking that it impairs a person’s sense of security or well-being.
Trauma impacts can be distributed among populations well beyond the injured or killed
Ex. Communities
Response Individuals: e.g.Emergencies Team for LIMA in Langkawi
Nations: e.g. Highland Towers Condominium, Coxsaskic epidermic, J. E. epidemic, etc.
Personal: Insecurities, personal stress, identification with the disaster, etc.
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Trauma Response Teams:
Specially trained individuals instructed in methods in which:
To identify trauma and causation factors
To provide trauma relief or guidance
To facilitate long-term response or therapy to the trauma
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The Purpose of Trauma Relief: Minimize the personalization of the attack
or incident
Allow employees to express their thoughts
Keeps employees informed, connected
Facilitates public acknowledgement of what employees have experienced
Ex. Post-traumatic trauma (Vietnam vets)