Psychology of Children’s Learning and Development in

Physical Education

Moral Development

By the end of this week you should:

• Be aware and understand the theories explaining moral development of children

• Have discussed the implications for the P.E. Teacher

Co-operation – Competitionwithin Physical Education

Competition• Inter-individual

With confrontation

Without confrontation• Predictable

unpredictable• Inter-dyadic• Inter-group

Co-operation

Deutsh (1949)

1. Acting together for shared goals

2. Reaching shared goals co-ordinating actions

3. Helping & collaborating to achieve task

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rftaCZvz908

Moral Development• What is ‘morality’?• Where does our ‘morality’ come from?

‘Morality’ – distinguish right from wrong

- act on this distinction

- experience pride in virtuous conduct and guilt or shame over acts that violate one’s standards (Quinn, Houts & Grasser (1994), Shaffer (1994))

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDj2TXMNRPk&feature=related

&

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMvc_TOstLE

Sir Winston

• We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be,we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender,

Moral Development• How we treat others & how we expect to be treated in our turn

Lindon (1998) 3 main aspects:

1. Behaviour 2. Understanding 3.Judgement

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development• Level 1: Pre-Conventional morality

Stage 1 punishment & obedience orientation

Obey rules to avoid personal punishment

Stage 2 instrumental morality

Can violate rules to his/her or others benefit

Istvan Belovai was Assistant Military Attaché at the Hungarian Embassy in London.He was arrested in Budapest on July 10, 1985 and sentenced to life in prison by a military court.After collapse of Communism Belovai was released from prison in September 1990.The Hungarian democratic authorities refused to grant him a full pardon.Towards the end of 1990 he left for the United States and settled in Colorado. He was granted American citizenship in 1992.

• Level 2: Conventional morality

Stage 3 Mutual expectations within relationships

breaking rules OK if gives advantage to team

Stage 4 Social system & conscience

only by obeying rules can you keep the game going as expected

• Level 3: Principled or post-conventional moralityStage 5 The social contract

want to obey rules for enjoyment & well-being of all participantsStage 6 Universal ethical principles

want to avoid harm to others even when asked/allowed to

Within Physical Education?

Telema (1999)• Interaction - pupil centred teaching methods

- resolve game conflict with dialogue• Competition – self control, acceptable aggression

- ensure balance competitive – co-operation• Role of teacher vital – pupil responsibilities

- referee’s word is law – ‘fair play’- mastery/task-orientated motivational climate- use of verbal behaviour & feedback to guide

Coach and referee• When a coach feels written paragraphs

prevails over the spirit of the game• If neutrality is in question • ( International matches mostly)• Personal hate, strong emotions• When coach challenges the call• When indifferent calls are made to justify

referee presence• When communication is denied• Dispute over infrequent special game

situations• After technical foul• When the coach encounters a militant style of

officiating

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The Big Cheats