1 part 2 cfs: where it’s going s. lord, h-l pan, s. saha, d. behringer, k. mitchell and the ncep...
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Part 2 CFS: Where It’s Going
S. Lord, H-L Pan, S. Saha, D. Behringer, K. Mitchell
And the NCEP (EMC-CPC CFSRR Team)
2
Overview• Current (CFS-v1) description and status• CFS Reanalysis and Reforecast (CFSRR CFS-v2)
– Atmosphere– Ocean– Land surface – Sea ice
• Future development (CFS-v3)– Coupled A-O-L-S system– Long term Reanalysis strategy
• Possibilities for Multi-Model Ensembles (MMEs)• Weather-Climate forecasting
3
Seasonal to Interannual Prediction at NCEPOperational System since August 2004 (CFS-v1)
ClimateForecastSystem(CFS)
Ocean ModelMOMv3
quasi-global1ox1o (1/3o in tropics)
40 levels
Atmospheric ModelGFS (2003)
T62 (~200 km)64 levels
GODAS (2003)3DVAR
XBTTAOTritonPirataArgo
Salinity (syn.)TOPEX/Jason-1
Reanalysis-23DVART62L28
OIv2 SSTLevitus SSS clim.
Ocean reanalysis (1980-present) provides initial conditions for retrospective
CFS forecasts used for calibration and research
Stand-alone version with a 14-day lagupdated routinely
DailyCoupling
“Weather& Climate”
Model
Funded by NCPO/OCO
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Number of Temperature Observations per Month as a Function of Depth
D. Behringer
5
1. High resolution data assimilation – Produces better initial conditions for operational hindcasts and
forecasts (e.g. MJO)– Enables new products for the monthly forecast system– Enables additional hindcast research
2. Coupled data assimilation– Reduces “coupling shock”– Improves spin up character of the forecasts
3. Consistent analysis-reanalysis and forecast-reforecast for – Improved calibration and skill estimates
4. Provide basis for a future coupled A-O-L-S forecast system running operationally at NCEP (1 day to 1 year)– (currently in parallel testing for “GFS” 1-14 day prediction)
CFS-v2 Highlights
Funded by NCPO/CDEP
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CFSRR Components• Reanalysis
– 31-year period (1979-2009 and continued in NCEP ops) – Atmosphere– Ocean– Land– Seaice– Coupled system (A-O-L-S) provides background for analysis – Produces consistent initial conditions for climate and weather
forecasts
• Reforecast – 28-year period (1982-2009 and continued in NCEP ops )– Provides stable calibration and skill estimates for new operational
seasonal system
• Includes upgrades for A-O-L-S developed since CFS originally implemented in 2004– Upgrades developed and tested for both climate and weather
prediction– “Unified weather-climate” strategy (1 day to 1 year)
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CFSRR Component UpgradesComponent Ops CFS 2010 CFSAtmosphere 1995 (R2) model
200 km/28 sigma levels
2008 model (upgrades to all physics)
38 km/64 sigma-pressure levels
Enthalpy-based thermodynamics
Variable CO2 (historical data, future scenarios)
R2 analysis
Satellite retrievals
GSI with simplified 4d-var (FOTO)
Radiances with bias-corrected spinup
Ocean MOM-3
60N – 65 S
1/3 x 1 deg.
MOM-4
Global domain
¼ x ½ deg.
Coupled sea ice forecast model
Ocean data assim.
750 m depth 2000 m
Land No separate land property analysis
Global Land Data Assim. Sys (GLDAS) driven by observed precipitation
1995 land model (2 levels) 2008 Noah model
Sea ice Daily analysis Daily hires analysis
Coupling None Fully coupled background forecast (same as free forecast)
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00Z GDAS 06Z GDAS 18Z GSI
0Z GODAS
00Z GSI
One-day schematic of four 6-hourly cycles of CFSRR Global Reanalysis:
6Z GODAS 12Z GODAS 0Z GODAS
12Z GDAS
18Z GODAS
Atmospheric Analysis
Ocean Analysis
12Z GLDAS6Z GLDAS 18Z GLDAS 0Z GLDAS0Z GLDASLand Analysis
TimeS. Saha and S. Moorthi
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Testing with CMIP Runs (variable CO2)
OBS is CPC Analysis (Fan and van den Dool, 2008) CTRL is CMIP run with 1988 CO2 settings (no variations in CO2, current operations) CO2 run is the ensemble mean of 3 NCEP CFS runs in CMIP mode
– realistic CO2 and aerosols in both troposphere and stratosphereProcessing: 25-month running mean applied to the time series of anomalies (deviations
from their own climatologies)
10
CFSRR at NCEP
GODAS3DVAR
Ocean ModelMOMv4
fully global1/2ox1/2o (1/4o in tropics)
40 levels
Atmospheric ModelGFS (2007)
T382 64 levels
Land Model Ice ModelLDAS
GDASGSI
6hr
24hr
6hr
Ice Ext6hr
Climate Forecast System V2
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Future Development
• What’s going on and what’s needed– Land surface– Ocean & Sea ice– Atmosphere
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Noah LSM replaces OSU LSM in new CFS
• Noah LSM– 4 soil layers (10, 30, 60, 100 cm)– Frozen soil physics included– Surface fluxes weighted by snow
cover fraction– Improved seasonal cycle of
vegetation cover– Spatially varying root depth– Runoff and infiltration account for
sub-grid variability in precipitation & soil moisture
– Improved soil & snow thermal conductivity
– Higher canopy resistance– More
• OSU LSM– 2 soil layers (10, 190 cm)– No frozen soil physics– Surface fluxes not weighted by
snow fraction– Vegetation fraction never less than
50 percent– Spatially constant root depth– Runoff & infiltration do not account
for subgrid variability of precipitation & soil moisture
– Poor soil and snow thermal conductivity, especially for thin snowpack and moist soils
Noah LSM replaced OSU LSM in operational NCEP medium-rangeGlobal Forecast System (GFS) in late May 2005
Some Noah LSM upgrades & assessments were result of collaborations with CPPA PIs
Funded by NCPO/CPPA K. Mitchell
13
CFSRR Reanalysis Land Component: Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)
• Applies same Noah LSM as in new CFS
• Uses same native grid (T382 Gaussian) as CFSRR atmospheric analysis
• Applies CFSRR atmospheric analysis forcing (except for precip)– hourly from previous 24-hours of atmospheric analysis– Precipitation forcing is from CPC analyses of observed precipitation
• Model precipitation is blended in only at very high latitudes
• GLDAS daily update of the CFSRR reanalysis soil moisture states– Reprocesses last 6-7 days to capture and apply most recent CPC precipitation
analyses
• Realtime GLDAS configuration will match reanalysis configuration– To sustain the relevance of the climatology of the retrospective reanalysis
• Applies LIS: uses the computational infrastructure of the NASA Land Information System (LIS), which is highly parallelized
14
LIS Capabilities• Flexible choice of 7 different land models
– Includes Noah LSM used operationally by NCEP and AFWA• Flexible domain and grid choice
– Global: such as NCEP global model Gaussian grid– Regional: including very high resolution (~.1-1 km)
• Data Assimilation– Based on Kalman Filter approaches
• High performance parallel computing– Scales efficiently across multiple CPUs
• Interoperable and portable– Executes on several computational platforms– NCEP and AFWA computers included
• Being coupled to NWP & CRTM radiative transfer models– Coupling to WRF model has been demonstrated– Coupling to NCEP global GFS model is under development– Coupling to JCSDA CRTM radiative transfer model is nearing completion
• Next-gen AFWA AGRMET model will utilize LIS with Noah• NCEP’s Global Land Data Assimilation utilizes LIS
K. Mitchell, C. Peters-Lidard
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Impact of Noah vs. OSU Land Models and GLDAS Initial Land States in 25-years of CFS Summer & Winter Reforecasts:
Lessons Learned
• Land surface model (LSM) for CFS forecast must be same as for supporting land data assimilation system (LDAS)
• Impact of land surface upgrade on CFS seasonal precipitation forecast skill for is positive (but modest)– Significant only for summer season in neutral ENSO years (and
then only small positive impact)– Essentially neutral impact for winter season and non-neutral
ENSO summers
• Differences in CFS precipitation skill over CONUS between neutral and non-neutral ENSO years exceeds skill differences between two different land configurations for same sample of years– Indicates that impact of SST anomaly is substantially greater
than impact of land surface configuration
16
2009+ Land Surface Model Development
1 - Unify all NCEP model land components to use MODIS-based hi-res global land use with IGBP classes
2 - Improve global fields of land surface characteristics (vegetation cover, albedo,
emissivity) using satellite data (with Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation)
3 - Enhance land surface subgrid-variability with high-resolution sub-grid tiles
4 - Increase number of soil layers (from 4 to about 10)
5 - Introduce dynamic seasonality of vegetation (to replace pre-specified seasonal cycle)
6 - Improve hydrology including addition of groundwater 7 - Add multi-layer treatment to snowpack physics 8 - Introduce carbon fluxes
Items 5-8 are being transitioned from the CPPA-funded work of PI Prof Z.-L. Yang and Dr. G.-Y. Niu of U.Texas/Austin
K. Mitchell
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• Operational in 2010• MOMv4 (1/2o x 1/2o, 1/4o in the tropics, 40 levels) • Updated 3DVAR assimilation scheme
– Temperature profiles (XBT, Argo, TAO, TRITON, PIRATA)– Synthetic salinity profiles derived from seasonal T-S relationship – TOPEX/Jason-1 Altimetry– Data window is asymmetrical extending from 10-days before the
analysis date– Surface temperature relaxation to (or assimilation of) Reynolds
new daily, 1/4o OIv2 SST– Surface salinity relaxation Levitus climatological SSS– Coupled atmosphere-ocean background
• Current stand-alone operational GODAS will be upgraded in 2009 to the higher resolution MOMv4 and be available for comparison with the coupled version– Updated with new techniques and observations
GODAS in the CFSRR
D. Behringer
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Assimilating Argo Salinity
ADCP GODAS GODAS-A/S
In the east, assimilating Argo salinity reduces the bias at the surface and sharpens the profile below the thermocline at 110oW.
In the west, assimilating Argo salinity corrects the bias at the surface and the depth of the undercurrent core and captures the complex structure at 165oE.
Comparison with independent ADCP currents.
D. Behringer
19
2009+ GODAS Activities• Complete CFSRR
– Evaluate ODA results• Add ARGO salinity• Improve climatological T-S relationships and synthetic salinity
formulation• ENVISAT data?• Improve use of surface observations
– Vertical correlations (mixed layer)• Situation-dependent error covariances (recursive filter formulation)• Investigate advanced ODA techniques
– Experimental Ensemble Data Assimilation system (with GFDL)– Reduced Kalman filtering (with JPL)– Improved observation representativeness errors (with Bob Miller, OSU-
JCSDA)• Impact of the GODAS mixed layer analysis on subseasonal
forecasting with the CFS. Augustin Vintzileos (EMC)
D. Behringer
20
Comparison of GODAS/KF and GODAS/3DVARwith TAO temperature and zonal velocity
anomaliesRe = [model explained variance] / [data variance]
20oC DynHtSST U
3DVAR - A
KF
3DVAR - B
KF
SST 20oC DynHt U
in collaboration with I Fukumori (JPL)
For points toward the top (GKF) and toward the right (G3DV) the models are closer to the data. For points above (below) the diagonal GKF (G3DV) is closer to the data.
21
Sea Ice Analysis from CFSRR
R. Grumbine
22
Atmospheric Model
• Improve CFS climatology and predictive skill with improved physical parameterizations
– Deep and/or shallow convection – Cloud/radiation/aerosol interaction and
feedback– Boundary layer processes – Orographic forcing – Gravity wave drag– Stochastic forcing– Cryosphere
23
Shallow Cloud Development
H.-L. Pan and J. Han
• Use a bulk mass-flux parameterization
• Based on the simplified Arakawa-Shubert (SAS) deep convection scheme, which is being operationally used in the NCEP GFS model
• Separation of deep and shallow convection is determined by cloud depth (currently 150 mb)
• Main difference between deep and shallow convection is specification of entrainment and detrainment rates
• Only precipitating updraft in shallow convection scheme is considered; downdraft is ignored
24
Siebesma & Cuijpers (1995, JAS)
Siebesma et al. (2003, JAS)
LES studies
Development based on LES studies
25
ISCCP
Control
Revised PBL & new shallow convection
Cloud cover improved
CombinedImpact ofRevised
PBL & New ShallowConvection
For CFS
J. Han
26
Revised PBL + New shallow (Winter 2007)
NH(20N-80N) SH(20S-80S)
500 hPa Height Anomaly Correlation
Skill scores are better (1)
27
12-36 hrs 36-60 hrs 60-84 hrs
CONUS Precipitation skill score Winter 2007
Skill scores are better (2)
28
Revised PBL + New shallow (Summer 2005)
NH(20N-80N) SH(20S-80S)
500 hPa Height Anomaly Correlation
Skill scores are better (3)
29
12-36 hrs 36-60 hrs 60-84 hrs
CONUS Precipitation skill score Summer 2005
Skill scores are possibly better (4)
30
ENSO SignalObserved SST Anomaly Nino 3.4 OIV2 Control SST Anomaly
50 year CMIP Run
ENSO too weak (early)Too strong later
RESULT: no implementation forWeather or climate
31
Observed DSWR from Visiting Scientist (Mechoso
– UCLA, CPPA sponsored through VOCALS)
Downward Shortwave Radiation at Ground2S-2N Annual Mean 50 Year Run
Observed
Year 1-20 Year 21-50Control Year 1-20 Experiment Year 21-50
Clouds TooThick in SE
Pacific(DSWR too small)
Can be Improved
With Shallow-DeepCloud Tuning
32
Phase (local time) of Maximum Precipitation (24-hour cycle)
Five-member ensembles driven by Climatological SST forcing (1983-2002 avg)
Myong-In Lee and Sieg Schubert (NASA/GMAO)
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Impact of Diurnal SST (Xu Li)
Figure.2 Impact of NSST model on GFS predictive skill (OCN – CTL). January 2008 (31 x 4 samples)
850 hPa Wind Tropics
Forecast days
AC
x 1
00
Figure.1 The difference between two SST analysis (GSI – OPR)
GSI: Tr analysis + NSST model (7-day mean, Aug. 24~30, 2007)
OPR: Reynolds weekly analysis (Aug. 30, 2007)
34
T254T126T62
GDAS
CDAS-2
RMS Error Growth
Pattern Correlation
Resolution does not affect skill.
Forecasts initialized by GDAS are better (a gain of ~3-5 days).
Time evolution of mean energy at wave numbers 10-40 when CFS is initialized by R2 (red) or by GDAS (blue).
drift
Tropical Intraseasonal Forecasts (MJO)
A. Vintzileos
35
Ongoing Reanalysis Project
• CFS will be upgraded every ~7 years– New forecast system
• Upgrades from operations• New techniques• Higher resolution analysis• Aerosol and trace gas analysis• Carbon cycle• Hydrology, ground water, etc.
– New observations from data mining– Satellite data treatment (e.g. bias correction)
• Evolution to Integrated Earth System Analysis• Ongoing work to incorporate these improvements
– Preparation for Reanalysis production phase– All additions carefully tested
36
Proposed Concept of Operations
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Eff
ort
(%
)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
year
Reanalysis Development and Production
Development
ProducionProductionPhase
2-3 years
DevelopmentPhase
3-4 years
37
Future Model Component UpgradesComponent 2010 CFS Possible Upgrades
Atmosphere - AER RRTM shortwave & longwave radiation
- Variable CO2 & aerosols
- Maximum random cloud overlap
Enthalpy-based thermodynamics
- Fractional cloudiness (impacts surface solar flux)
- Possible neural network emulation for radiation (trained on hindcasts)
- Sigma-pressure-theta hybrid
- Prognostic cloud water
- Non-local PBL
- Simplified Arakawa-Schubert conv.
- Ferrier microphysics (impacts radiation and precipitation type)
- Shallow convection (mass flux)
- Convective gravity wave
- Conservative, positive definite tracer advection
Land - Global Land Data Assim. Sys (GLDAS) driven by observed precipitation
- Dynamic vegetation (impacts drought)
- Groundwater (impacts soil wetness)
Ocean - MOM-4 -Ocean ensemble (HYCOM + MOM ?)-Salinity assimilation
- Situation-dependent background errors and other advanced techniques
Comprehensive Testing in Weather and Climate Modes• Daily data assimilation and 15 day forecasts• LDAS for balanced land states• CMIP runs (> 50 years)• Sample seasonal runs (May & October)
38
Multi-Model Ensemble Strategy
• International MME (IMME) with EUROSIP is under negotiation – Operational delivery– Consolidated products– Use for official duty only
• Full set of hindcasts required for bias correction and skill masking
• National MME– COLA is generating hindcasts for NCAR system– Issues are
• developing concept of operations (how partners will participate)
• identifying metrics for value added (e.g. consolidation)• building computing resources (particularly for reforecasts)
into computer acquisitions
39
IMME Status (1)
• Goal: produce operational ensemble products from CFS and EUROSIP seasonal climate products
• EUROSIP– ECMWF– Met Office– Meteo France
• Prospectus has been submitted to EUROSIP Counsel– Covers
• Licensing• Commercial interest and revenue sharing
– Consistent with EUROSIP general provisions
• Formal Memorandum of Understanding will be drafted
40
IMME Status (2)• Some tenets of a potential agreement
– E-partners and NCEP will be free to process individual forecasts into combined IMME products with their own procedures
– NCEP will distribute its combined IMME product to its internal users for official duty use in time to meet NCEP forecast schedules
– NCEP will distribute its combined products to the E-Partners as soon as possible each month, using ECMWF as the distributing agent
– NCEP and E-partners will coordinate distribution of IMME products to their users on a regular monthly schedule
– Product delivery will not compromise any organization’s operational delivery schedules and commitments
– NCEP wishes to join the EUROSIP Steering Group as a non-voting member and will participate in future meetings
41
Weather-Climate Forecasting
42
NCEP Production SuiteWeather, Ocean & Climate Forecast Systems
Version 3.0 April 9, 2004
0
20
40
60
80
100
0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00
6 Hour Cycle: Four Times/Day
Pe
rce
nt
Us
ed
RUCFIREWXWAVESHUR/HRWGFSfcstGFSanalGFSensETAfcstETAanalSREFAir QualityOCEANMonthlySeasonal
GD
AS
GF
S an
al
NA
M an
al
CFS
RTOFS
SR
EF NAM
AQ
GFSHUR
RD
AS
Current (2007)
GENS/NAEFS
Current - 2007
NCEP Production SuiteWeather, Ocean, Land & Climate Forecast Systems
43
Global Model SuiteDaily to S/I Forecasts
• All forecasts are Atmosphere-Land-Ocean coupled• All systems are ensemble-based except daily, high-resolution run• All forecasts initialized with LDAS, GODAS, GSI from GFS initial
conditions• Physics and dynamics packages may vary
– Anticipated that the weekly forecast will have most rapid implementations and code changes, seasonal configuration may be one (or at most two) versions behind weekly
ForecastProduct
Membershiprefresh period
Runs/day Number ofmembers perrefresh period
Horizontalresolution
(ratio,current value)
ForecastLength
Initializationtechnique
ComputingResource
ratio
Daily-hires 4x/day 4 1 1.0, T382 15 days GSI 1.0
Weekly daily 80 80 0.5, T170 15 days ET breeding 2.5
Monthly weekly 8 56 0.5, T170 60 days ?? 1.0
Seasonal monthly 2 60 0.33, T126 1 year Lagged analysis4x daily
0.44
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CFS & MFS
NCEP Production SuiteWeather, Ocean & Climate Forecast Systems
Version 3.0 April 9, 2004
0
20
40
60
80
100
0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00
6 Hour Cycle: Four Times/Day
Per
cent
Use
d
RUCFIREWXWAVESHUR/HRWGFSfcstGFSanalGFSensETAfcstETAanalSREFAir QualityOCEANMonthlySeasonal
CFSMFS
Regional
Rap Refresh
Global
Hydro
Next Generation Prototype
AQ
WAVGFS
SREFReforecast
NAM
RTOFS
RT
OF
S
CFS & MFS & GODASAQ Hydro / NIDIS/FF
GENS/NAEFS
HU
R
HENS
NCEP Production SuiteWeather, Ocean, Land & Climate Forecast Systems
GDAS
RDAS
45
Summary• CFSRR CFS-v2
– High resolution reanalysis– CO2 trend– Upgrades models and data assimilation– Foundation for coupled “earth-system” reanalysis
• Beginning scientific development of CFS-v3– Fully coupled A-O-L-S system for IESA– Advanced data assimilation techniques
• Building a MME system with International and US contributions
• Focusing on Weather-Climate forecasting – 1 day to 3 years
46
ThanksQuestions?
47
Comparison of GODAS/M4 and GODAS/M3with TAO temperature and zonal velocity
In the thermocline both GM4 and GM3 are warm at 140w, while GM4 is warm and GM3 is cold at 110w.
The undercurrent is stronger than observed in GM4 and weaker in GM3. The vertical structure at 165e is better in GM4 than in GM3.
48
Land Information System (LIS)• NOAA-NASA-USAF collaboration
– K. Mitchell (NOAA)– C. Peters-Lidard (NASA)– J. Eylander (USAF)
• LIS hosts – Land surface models– Land surface data assimilationand provides– Regional or global land surface conditions for use
in • Coupled NWP models• Stand-alone land surface applications
K. Mitchell, C. Peters-Lidard
49
Science Plan for the CFS (II)
• Most effective way to improve the CFS (climate) GFS/CFS (weather) as one package
• We want to improve weather and climate forecasts by making physically based improvements to the atmospheric model parameterization packages.
• We have been successful when we apply rigorous tests to physically based parameterization improvements to both weather and climate models and want to continue along this way.
50
Science plan for the CFS (III)
• Deep and/or shallow convection These processes transport sub-grid scale heat and moisture vertically, which is especially important for climate prediction.
• Boundary layer processes As the CFS is a coupled model, the boundary layer is critical for communication of the ocean and land conditions with the atmosphere.
• Cloud/radiation/aerosol interaction and feedbackClouds and aerosols modulate the sources and sinks of the thermal energy in to the earth system. This interaction is crucial on climate time scales.
• Orographic forcing Orography determines many climate variables through form-drag, mountain blocking, and land/sea contrast.
51
Science Plan for the CFS (IV)
• Gravity wave dragGravity waves generated by the sub-grid scale orography and/or cumulus convection transport wave energy from the troposphere to the stratosphere and mesosphere and thus control the climate of those regions.
• Stochastic forcingStochastic forcing is not in the CFS at this time, but is important for parameterizing random, unresolved physical forcing.
• CryosphereThe cryosphere (glaciers, frozen land, sea ice) plays a crucial role in determining the earth's climate. Modeling of sea-ice and its interaction with the ocean and atmosphere, and modeling frozen land and its interaction with the atmosphere are all important to climate.
52
Science Plan for the CFS (V)
• Testing procedures are key to the road to making model implementations
• While transition to operation for MMEs requires only seasonal hindcasts to be evaluated, it is done because we expect the team maintaining the MME models to do their own rigorous tests.
• Tests in data assimilation modes and evaluated with forecasts are crucial for weather forecasts.
• Tests in multi-year coupled simulations and seasonal hindcasts are crucial for climate forecasts
• CTB computer resource is not sufficient and NCEP computer must be used when full-scale testing is needed
53
Gaps
• Insufficient EMC staff to collaborate with external investigators, train their staff (often post-docs) on use of the CFS, and develop new parameterization codes suitable for the CFS for the broad spectrum of possible areas listed above (O2R);
• Insufficient computing resources for experimentation and transition changes to the CFS;
• Insufficient EMC and NCEP Central Operations (NCO) staff to support the R2O (implementation) process;
• Insufficient knowledge within the research community about the tests needed to complete an implementation
54
We built a new shallow convection scheme a few years ago
• Use a bulk mass-flux parameterization
• Based on the simplified Arakawa-Shubert (SAS) deep convection scheme, which is being operationally used in the NCEP GFS model
• Separation of deep and shallow convection is determined by cloud depth (currently 150 mb)
• Main difference between deep and shallow convection is specification of entrainment and detrainment rates
• Only precipitating updraft in shallow convection scheme is considered; downdraft is ignored
55
Siebesma & Cuijpers (1995, JAS)
Siebesma et al. (2003, JAS)
LES studies
We build it based on LES studies
56
Cloud water cross-section looks better
57
PBL & Low clouds combined
(CFS run)
ISCCP
Control
Revised PBL & new shallow convection
Cloud cover looks better
58
Revised PBL + New shallow (Winter, 2007)
NH(20N-80N) SH(20S-80S)
500 hPa Height Anomaly Correlation
Skill scores were better
59
12-36 hrs 36-60 hrs 60-84 hrs
Precipitation skill score over US continent
Skill scores were better
60
Revised PBL + New shallow (Summer, 2005)
NH(20N-80N) SH(20S-80S)
500 hPa Height Anomaly Correlation
Skill scores were better
61
12-36 hrs 36-60 hrs 60-84 hrs
Precipitation skill score over US continent
Skill scores were slightly better
62
NINO3.4 OIV2
Observed ENSO signal
63
NINO3.4 set22
Multi-year simulation of the control looks ok
64
NINO3.4 set28b
The test version showed too weak ENSO in early years and too strong ENSO in later years. RESULTS : no implementation
65
With a VOCALS grant from CPPA, Mechoso worked with us to examine these runs. This is the downward short wave radiation reaching ground for the control
Srb2 is observation
66
There is too much radiation reaching ground for the new package over western Pacific but too little over central Pacific. More changes will have to be made.
67
Cloud water cross-section looks better
68
Climate Requirements for NCEP’s Next Operational System (2011)
Application Operational System Computing
X factor
Requirement Generator
Seasonal-Monthly Climate
CFS 32 Climate Prediction Center
Monthly fcst system 10+ “
GLDAS, NLDAS 2.5* NIDIS, CPC
Reforecast 9* “
• Ratio of ops:R2O computing– Currently 1:1.3– Requesting
• 2011: 1:2.0• 2013: 1:3.0• 2015: 1:4.0
+ Extension of Week2 system* New system
Climate (and other) computing requirementstotal a factor of 3X in additional funding
(above Moore’s Law – constant $$ capability)
69
NOAA Computing Resources andOperational Requirements for Climate Forecasting at NCEP
• Research– Including CFSRR
• Operations
70
Climate R&D Computing for Week2 to S/I
November 2007 - June 2008
15
52
33
CTB & CDEV
CFSRR
JCSDA&MTB
NOAA R&D Computer through November 2007
30
10
30
30
CTB
CDEV
JCSDA
MTB
June 2008+New Power6 system for CTB, CDEV, JCSDA, MTB (same % as previous)
CFSRR will use all Power5 system
Enables CFSRR to execute ¾ of required
production rate