1 perspectives on public education for poor students and students of color suzanne adair march 26,...
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3 Most High School Grads Go On To Postsecondary Within 2 Years Source: NELS: 88, Second (1992) and Third (1994) Follow up; in, USDOE, NCES, “Access to Postsecondary Education for the 1992 High School Graduates”, 1998, Table 2.TRANSCRIPT
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Perspectives on Public Education for Poor Students and Students of Color
Suzanne AdairMarch 26, 2003
Information provided by the Education Trust
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The Myth:
College isn’t for everyone
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Most High School Grads Go On To Postsecondary Within 2 YearsEntered Public 2-Year Colleges
26%
Entered 4-Year Colleges 45%
Other Postsecondary 4%
Total 75%
Source: NELS: 88, Second (1992) and Third (1994) Follow up; in, USDOE, NCES, “Access to Postsecondary Education for the 1992 High School Graduates”, 1998, Table 2.
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Even Low Achieving Grads Go On To PostsecondaryHigh School
Achievement Level% Entering
PostsecondaryLow 49%
Middle 71%
High 91%
Overall 72%
Source: NELS: 88, Second (1992) and Third Follow up (1994); in, USDOE, NCES, Condition of Education 1997, p. 64
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Of Every 100 White Kindergartners:
93 Graduate from High School
65 Complete at Least Some College
32 Obtain at Least a Bachelor’s Degree
(24 Year-Olds)
Source: US Bureau of Census, Current Population Reports, Educational Attainment in the United States; March 2000, Detailed Tables No. 2
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Of Every 100 African American Kindergartners:
87 Graduate from High School
51 Complete at Least Some College
17 Obtain at Least a Bachelor’s Degree
(24 Year-Olds)Source: US Bureau of Census, Current Population Reports, Educational Attainment in the United States; March 2000, Detailed Tables No. 2
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Of Every 100 Latino Kindergartners:63 Graduate from High
School
32 Complete at Least Some College
11 Obtain at Least a Bachelor’s Degree
(24 Year-Olds)Source: US Bureau of Census, Current Population Reports, Educational Attainment in the United States; March 2000, Detailed Tables No. 2
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College Graduates by Age 24
Young People FromHigh Income Families
48%
Young People FromLow Income Families
7%
Source: Tom Mortenson, Research Seminar on Public Policy Analysis of Opportunity for Post Secondary, 1997.
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African American and Latino 17 Year Olds Read at Same Levels as
White 13 Year Olds
Source: Source: NAEP 1999 Long Term Trends Summary Tables (online)
0%
100%
150 200 250 300 350
White 8th Graders African American 12th GradersLatino 12th Graders
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African American and Latino 17 Year Olds Do Math at Same Levels
As White 13 Year Olds
0%
100%
200 250 300 350
White 8th Graders African American 12th GradersLatino 12th Graders
Source: NAEP 1999 Long Term Trends Summary Tables (online)
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Why is there an achievement gap?
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Why?What We Hear Adults Say:
• They’re poor;• Their parents don’t care;• They come to schools without breakfast; • Not enough books• Not enough parents . . .
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What We Hear Students Say:We CAN Learn, But…
• some teachers don’t know their subjects• counselors underestimate our potential• principals dismiss concerns• curriculum and expectations are low
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Within School Effects:• Curriculum/Opportunity
• Expectations
• Teacher Quality
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Grade 10 Writing AssignmentA frequent theme in literature is the conflict between the individual and society. From literature you have read, select a character who struggled with society. In a well-developed essay, identify the character and explain why this character’s conflict with society is important.
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Grade 10 Writing AssignmentWrite a composition of at least 4 paragraphs on Martin Luther King’s most important contribution to this society. Illustrate your work with a neat cover page. Neatness counts.
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African American and Latino 10th Graders Less Likely to be Enrolled in a College
Preparatory Track
Source: US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Education Longitudinal Study of 1998, “First Follow-Up Student Study.”
42.1
22.625.7
34.1
0
45
Asian Latino African American White
Race/Ethnicity
1998 by The Education Trust, Inc.
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28.3
48.8
65.1
20
70
Low Medium HighSocio-Economic Status
Perc
ent E
nrol
led
Low-Income Students Less Likely to be Enrolled in a College Preparatory Track
Source: US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988: Second Follow-Up, 1992 in: A Profile of the American High School Senior in 1992.( p. 36) Washington, DC: US Department of Education, June 1995.
1998 by The Education Trust, Inc.
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Poor and Minority Students Get More Inexperienced* Teachers
20%
11%
21%
10%
0%
25%
High-poverty schools Low-poverty schoolsHigh-minority schools Low-minority schools
*Teachers with 3 or fewer years of experience. “High” and “low” refer to top and bottom quartiles.Source: National Center for Education Statistics, “Monitoring Quality: An Indicators Report,” December 2000.
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Classes in High Poverty High Schools More Often Taught by
Misassigned* Teachers
28%
14%19%
16%
40%
20%
31%
18%
0%
50%
Math Science English Social Studies
less than 20% Free Lunch greater than 49% Free Lunch
*Teachers who lack a major or minor in the fieldSource: National Commission on Teaching and America’s Future, What Matters Most: Teaching for America’s Future (p.16) 1996.
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Students in Low Track Classes Are More Often Taught by Underqualified Teachers
51.1%55.1%
43.0%
66.8%
20.4%
33.5%
11.2%
24.7%
0%
70%
History Physical Science Math English
High-TrackLow-Track
Source: Ingersoll, The Problem of Underqualified Teachers in American Secondary Schools Educational Researcher, Vol. 28, No 2 (March 1999) pp. 26-37
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Why These Factors Matter?
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Mount Royal Elementary/Middle,
Baltimore, MD• 99% African American• 73% Low-Income• Highest Performing in State on the
state’s 5th grade Math test.
MAR
YLAN
D
* or tied
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24Source: USDOE, NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Summary Data Tables
African Americans in Texas Write as Well or Better Than
Whites in 7 States
140
143
145
146
146
146
146
146
136 138 140 142 144 146 148
Hawaii
Arkansas
West Virginia
Utah
Missouri
Mississippi
Louisiana
Texas
NAEP Grade 8 Writing 1998
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A Rigorous Math Curriculum Improves Scores For All Students
240
360
Pre-Algebra orGeneral Math
Algebra I Geometry Algebra II Precalculus orCalculus
African American Latino WhiteSource: National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1992 Mathematics Trend Assessment, National Center for Education Statistics. NAEP 1992 Trends in Academic Progress (p 113). Washington, DC: US Department of Education. 1994
1998 by The Education Trust, Inc.
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Vocational Students Taking High-Level English Courses
Score Higher
% Taking High-Level English
ReadingScores
1996 28 283
1998 43 292
Source: Bottoms, Gene. “High Schools That Work”, SREB, .
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1998 by The Education Trust, Inc.
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A Strong H.S. Curriculum* Equals Higher College
Completion
45%
75%61%
79%73%86%
0%
100%
All college entrants Entrants who had strong h.s.curriculum
African American Latino White
*Completing at least “Algebra II” plus other courses.Source: Adapted from Adelman, Clifford, U.S. Department of Education, “Answers in the Toolbox,” 1999.
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Role of Future Educators
• Analyze and share data• Raise questions about district/school
policies• Serve as a voice for all students• Maintain high expectations/encourage
students to aim higher