1 pom- nature and process of management
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Principles of ManagementPrinciples of Management
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ContentsContents
Nature and Process of ManagementNature and Process of Management
Evolution of Management thoughtEvolution of Management thought
PlanningPlanning
Decision makingDecision making
OrganizingOrganizing
StaffingStaffing
MotivationMotivation
LeadershipLeadership
ControllingControlling
Recent Trends and New Perspectives in ManagementRecent Trends and New Perspectives in Management
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Nature and Process of ManagementNature and Process of Management
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Define ManagementDefine Management
A process of designing & maintaining an environment in whichA process of designing & maintaining an environment in which
individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplishindividuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish
selected aimsselected aims
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Define OrganizationDefine Organization
Group of people working together to create a surplusGroup of people working together to create a surplus
In business organizations, surplus is profitIn business organizations, surplus is profit
In nonprofit organizations, such as charitable organizations, itIn nonprofit organizations, such as charitable organizations, itmay be satisfaction of needsmay be satisfaction of needs
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Features of ManagementFeatures of Management
Organized activitiesOrganized activities
Existence of objectivesExistence of objectives
Relationship among resourcesRelationship among resources
Working with & through peopleWorking with & through people
DecisionDecision-- MakingMaking
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Management & AdministrationManagement & Administration
Administration is above managementAdministration is above management
Administration is part of managementAdministration is part of management
Management & administration are sameManagement & administration are same
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Difference between Administration &Difference between Administration &
ManagementManagement
Basis of
DifferenceAdministration
Level in
organization
Major focus
Nature of
functionsScope of
functionsFactors affecting
decisionsEmployer-Employee
relationQualities
required
Management
Top level Middle and Lower level
Policy formation andObjective determination Policy execution forObjective achievement
Determinative Executive
Broad and Conceptual Narrow and Operational
Mostly external Mostly internal
Entrepreneurs and Owners Employees
Administrative Technical
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Functions of ManagementFunctions of Management
PlanningPlanning
OrganizingOrganizing
StaffingStaffing
LeadingLeading
ControllingControlling
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Levels of ManagementLevels of Management
Top
Middle
Lower
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Functions of Top ManagementFunctions of Top Management
To analyze, evaluate & deal with the external environmentalTo analyze, evaluate & deal with the external environmental
forcesforces
To establish overall longTo establish overall long--term goals strategy & policies of theterm goals strategy & policies of the
company including the master budget to allocate resourcescompany including the master budget to allocate resources To create an organizational framework consisting of authorityTo create an organizational framework consisting of authority
responsibility relationshipsresponsibility relationships
To appoint departmental & other key executivesTo appoint departmental & other key executives
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ContCont
To provide overall leadership to the companyTo provide overall leadership to the company
To represent the company to the outside world, e.g. ; tradeTo represent the company to the outside world, e.g. ; trade
associations, government, trade unions, etc.associations, government, trade unions, etc.
To exercise overall review & control on the companysTo exercise overall review & control on the companysoperationsoperations
To coordinate the activities & efforts of different departmentsTo coordinate the activities & efforts of different departments
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Functions of Middle ManagementFunctions of Middle Management
To interpret & explain the policies framed by top managementTo interpret & explain the policies framed by top management
To compile & issue detailed instructions regarding operationsTo compile & issue detailed instructions regarding operations
To maintain close contacts with operating results so as toTo maintain close contacts with operating results so as toevaluate performanceevaluate performance
To participate in operating decisionsTo participate in operating decisions
To cooperate among themselves so as to integrate orTo cooperate among themselves so as to integrate or
coordinate various parts of a division or a departmentcoordinate various parts of a division or a department
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Functions of Supervisory ManagementFunctions of Supervisory Management
To plan dayTo plan day--toto--day production within the goals laid down byday production within the goals laid down by
higher authoritieshigher authorities
To assign jobs to workers to make arrangements for theirTo assign jobs to workers to make arrangements for theirtraining & developmenttraining & development
To supervise & control workers & maintain personal contactTo supervise & control workers & maintain personal contact
with charge handswith charge hands
To arrange materials & tools & to maintain machineryTo arrange materials & tools & to maintain machinery To advise & assist workers by explaining work procedures,To advise & assist workers by explaining work procedures,
solving their problems, etc.solving their problems, etc.
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Importance of ManagementImportance of Management
Effective Utilization of ResourcesEffective Utilization of Resources
Development of ResourcesDevelopment of Resources
To Incorporate InnovationsTo Incorporate Innovations
Integrating Various Interest GroupsIntegrating Various Interest Groups
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Skills of ManagementSkills of Management
Technical skillsTechnical skills
Human skillsHuman skills
Conceptual skillsConceptual skills
Design skillsDesign skills
Conceptual
and Design
skills
Human skills
Technicalskills
Top Management
Middle
Management
Middle
Management
Middle
Management
Supervisors
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Recap..Recap..
ManagementManagement
OrganizationOrganization
Features of ManagementFeatures of Management
Organized activitiesOrganized activities Existence of objectivesExistence of objectives
Relationship among resourcesRelationship among resources
Working with & through peopleWorking with & through people
DecisionDecision-- MakingMaking Management and AdministrationManagement and Administration
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..Recap..Recap
Functions of ManagementFunctions of Management
Levels of ManagementLevels of Management
Importance of ManagementImportance of Management
Effective Utilization of ResourcesEffective Utilization of Resources Development of ResourcesDevelopment of Resources
To Incorporate InnovationsTo Incorporate Innovations
Integrating Various Interest GroupsIntegrating Various Interest Groups
Skills of ManagementSkills of Management TechnicalTechnical
HumanHuman
ConceptualConceptual
DesignDesign