1 project control & risk n purpose of control n control process n cost/schedule/technical...
TRANSCRIPT
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PROJECT CONTROL & RISK Purpose of Control
Control Process
Cost/Schedule/Technical Control Introduction to Earned Value
Project Changes and Change Control
Importance of Managing Risk
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Purpose of Control
To make the actual meet the plan
The Process 1. Key performance areas 2. Set standards 3. Measure performance 4. Compare 5. Fix
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A Question of Balance Too little control? Too much control?
$
Amount of Control
CControl
CMistakes
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What Forms do these “Standards” Take?
Cost
Schedule
Performance
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A Control Example
You’re two months into a three month project. You’ve spent 90% of your budget.
Defend yourself.
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Three Important Terms BCWS: The plan, integrating schedule
and budget
BCWP: What you planned to spend for work actually done
ACWP: Actual dollars spent at a point in time, for the work actually done
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More Terms BAC: Original budget at completion
TAC: Original time at completion
ECAC: Estimated cost at completion
ETAC: Estimated time at completion
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Four Relationships Cost Variance = BCWP - ACWP
Schedule Variance = BCWP - BCWS
ECAC = ACWP X BAC BCWP
ETAC = BCWS X TAC BCWP
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Changes and Change Control
The last step of the control process: FIX
Two Types: Business and Technical Changes
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Business Changes (aka CCPs) Business related Driven by such things as:
Spec relief Deliverables changes Funding shifts Schedule changes Acts of God Subcontractor changes
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Technical Changes (aka ECPs)
Technological issues, such as: New technologies Laws of physics Competitor response Threat changes Changes in user requirements (real
or political)
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Change Control
Changes cost $, usually big $ So they need control
PM responsibility Signed baselines High levels of authority
Some tools: Zero sum/DTC/caps
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PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk defined A brief history Types of project risk The PMBOK sequence Tools
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RISK DEFINED
The likelihood (probability) and the impact of an undesirable event
“Fear of harm ought to be proportional not only to the gravity of the harm, but also to the probability of the event.” (Antoine Arnauld, 1665)
Both matter Examples
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A BRIEF HISTORY
The management of risk forms the boundary between the old world and modern times
Old world Fates and gods Short time horizons Man’s role: accept, maybe react
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SO WHAT CHANGED? Rise of rational man
Man can plan and influence the future
Development of math, probability, forecasting
Multiply XII times VIII Rise of zero and Arabic numerals
Rise of trade, business, shipping Longer time horizons Large commercial ventures mean more at stake
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THE CRITICAL QUESTIONS To what extent does the past foretell
the future? Can we extrapolate from the past to
predict a future event?“Nature has established patterns originating in the
return of events, but only for the most part.”
(von Leibnitz to Bernoulli, who then developed the Law of Large Numbers, 1703)
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TYPES OF PROJECT RISK
PeopleTime
Political Financial
Technical
A Question: Is “Risk Reduction” really possible?
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THE PMBOK RISK MANAGEMENT SEQUENCE
Risk identification Risk quantification Risk response development Risk response control
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TOOLS FOR RISK MANAGEMENT (more or less in order) Expert opinion Simulation Historical Analysis/ “Lessons Learned” “Risk Reduction” Contracting/Procurement Strategy
CPFF, FFP, “Make or Buy,” Sole Source, etc.
Insurance, bonding Multiple paths Management attention (e.g., “Top 10” Lists) Workarounds