1 psychology 304: brain and behaviour lecture 27
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour
Lecture 27
![Page 2: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Announcement
Please note that course evaluations are available online. If you have not received an e-mail directing you to the evaluations for this course, you may provide your evaluation at: https://eval.olt.ubc.ca/arts.
Course evaluations will be available until December 5th.
Your feedback is extremely valuable—both to the Psychology Department and to me.
2
![Page 3: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
From last class ….
(a) primary somatosensory cortex (SI): Contralateral processing.
(b) secondary somatosensory cortex (SII): Bilateral processing.
(d) somatosensory association cortex (posterior parietal lobe): Vision and touch, as illustrated by “asomatognosia.”
Functions of the:
![Page 4: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
The Auditory System
1. What is the structure of the ear and where are the receptors for sound? (continued)
2. How is information about sound relayed to the brain?
3. What are the major areas of the brain that are associated with the perception of sound?
![Page 5: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
By the end of today’s class, you should be able to:
1. describe the structural and functional features of the outer, middle, and inner ear.
2. explain how an action potential is generated in the afferent nerve fibres of the auditory system.
3. review the pathway by which auditory information is transmitted from receptors to the brain.
![Page 6: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
4. identify the locations and functions of the primary cortex, secondary cortex, and association areas for the auditory system.
![Page 7: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
What is the structure of the ear and where are the receptors for sound? (continued)
• The organ of Corti contains the receptors for sound.
![Page 8: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8The Receptors for Sound
![Page 9: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9Cochlea Slice
![Page 10: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10 Hair Cells Images
Cilia of Outer Hair CellsCilia of Inner Hair Cells
![Page 11: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Inner Hair Cells
Inner Hair Cells
Outer Hair Cells
Inner and Outer Hair Cells
![Page 12: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Hair Cell Contact withthe Tectorial Membrane
Auditory nerve
![Page 13: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13Tip Links13
![Page 14: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
• Place theory and volley theory have been proposed to explain the how sound receptors facilitate the perception of pitch.
• Tonotopic organization is found at all levels of the auditory system (e.g., cochlea, inferior colliculi, auditory cortical regions).
![Page 15: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15Tonotopic Organization
![Page 16: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
• When hair cells are stimulated, action potentials are triggered that pass down axons of the auditory nerve—a branch of cranial nerve VIII.
• The vibrations of the cochlear fluid are ultimately dissipated by the round window.
![Page 17: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17The Structure of the Ear
![Page 18: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
How is information about sound relayed to the brain?
• Sound information is relayed to the brain via a network of auditory pathways.
![Page 19: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19Pathways of the Auditory System
![Page 20: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
What are the major areas of the brain that are associated with the perception of sound?
• The majority of thalamic neurons that receive sound information subsequently project the information to the
primary auditory cortex. Thereafter, information is projected to the secondary auditory cortex (SII) and association areas.
![Page 21: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21Auditory Areas of the Brain
![Page 22: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
• Current theory suggests two large areas of auditory association cortex: the prefrontal cortex and the posterior parietal cortex.
• The anterior auditory pathway leading to the prefrontal cortex is thought to be involved in identifying sounds (“what”); the posterior auditory pathway is thought to be involved in locating sounds (“where”).
![Page 23: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23Pathways to Auditory Association Cortex
![Page 24: 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 27](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649f425503460f94c61677/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
The Auditory System
1. What is the structure of the ear and where are the receptors for sound? (continued)
2. How is information about sound relayed to the brain?
3. What are the major areas of the brain that are associated with the perception of sound?