1. request · web viewgeneralization of the workflow used in 7.2.3.1 and 7.2.3.2 will be applied to...

SWP BUDGET PERIOD 4 CONTINUATION DOCUMENTATION

Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration – Phase III BP4

November 2018

WORK PERFORMED UNDER AGREEMENT

DE-FC26-05NT42591

SUBMITTED BY

New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology801 Leroy Place

Socorro, New Mexico 87801

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Robert BalchTelephone (575) 835-5408

Fax (575)[email protected]

PREPARED BY

Co-PIs Brian McPherson and Robert Balch

SUBMITTED TOU.S. Department of Energy

National Energy Technology LaboratoryWilliam O’Dowd

DE-FC26-05NT42591 Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration BP4 Continuation Application

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. REQUEST.......................................................................................................................32. OVERVIEW....................................................................................................................33. MILESTONE LOG.........................................................................................................74. DETAILED LIST OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS.............................................................95. BP3 Deliverables...........................................................................................................146. PROPOSED WORK FOR BUDGET PERIOD 4........................................................16

Subtask 7.1 Monitoring.............................................................................................17Subtask 7.2 Refine Site Characterization Data..........................................................18Subtask 7.3 Refine Geologic and Reservoir Models.................................................18Subtask 7.4 Risk Assessment....................................................................................18

7. PROPOSED MILESTONES FOR BUDGET PERIOD 4............................................198. FUNDING: BUDGET PERIODS 3 (ACTUAL) AND 4 (PROPOSED).....................21APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................26APPENDIX B: STATEMENT OF PROJECT OBJECTIVES (SOPO)............................32

FIGURES Figure 1 Location map showing Southwest Partnership region; oilfield units currently

undergoing CO2-EOR including Farnsworth field area; the two sources of anthropogenic CO2, and CO2 transportation pipelines.............................................................4

Figure 2 Disposition of CO2 per day (average) at FWU..................................................................5Figure 3 Generalized cross-section of the Anadarko Basin to transect A-A’, which trends

along the eastern edge of FWU (indicated by the red diamond in small insert and red rectangle in Figure 2)...............................................................................................................6

TABLES

Table 1 CO2 Purchase and Disposition at FWU..............................................................................3Table 2 Milestone Status for BP3 (Quarters of Federal Fiscal Year).............................................7Table 3 BP3 Deliverables and status.............................................................................................14Table 4 BP4 Milestones.................................................................................................................19Table 5 BP3 Proposed Budget.......................................................................................................21Table 6 BP3 Spending...................................................................................................................22Table 7 BP3 remaining funds........................................................................................................23Table 8 Proposed budget for BP4..................................................................................................24Table 9 Total spending for Phase III Project.................................................................................24

2


1. REQUEST

The Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration (SWP) requests approval from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for continuation from Budget Period 3 (BP3) to Budget Period 4 (BP4) for the demonstration project of CO2 storage in association with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) at the Farnsworth Unit, Texas. As greater than 1 million metric tonnes of CO2 has been injected during the EOR project to-date, continuation of our characterization, monitoring, modeling, and risk assessment work offers a unique opportunity to achieve the DOE goals of gaining knowledge and expertise on commercial-scale disposition of CO2 as a project moves from early to later stages of CO2

storage and EOR operations. This document outlines the accomplishments and milestones of BP3 as we near the end of the budget period, as well as proposed plans, milestones and budget of BP4. The following documentation is to support the request of continuation.

2. OVERVIEW

This document outlines and provides supporting documentation for the continuation request of the SWP Phase III demonstration project at the Farnsworth Unit (FWU). Herein are outlined the accomplishments of BP3, items yet to be completed, initially planned items that will not be performed, subtasks that will continue into BP4, some new efforts in BP4, and the proposed budget for BP4. The primary objective of this Phase III project is to evaluate an active commercial-scale carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) operation, and demonstrate associated, effective site characterization, monitoring, verification, accounting, and risk assessment. The initial goal of the project was to document injection and storage of at least 1 million metric tons (tonnes) of CO 2

into an active field undergoing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by the end of BP3. All contracts for the field operation had been completed by the end of September 2013; therefore, the field project officially started October 1, 2013. Because of unforeseen changes in field operation as well as CO2 supply, the goal will not be met at the conclusion of BP3; however, if injection prior to project inception is included, over 1.18 million metric tonnes of CO2 have been stored. Table 1 presents CO2 injection and disposition statistics through August 1, 2018.

Table 1 CO2 Purchase and Disposition at FWU

Period Purchased Produced Recycled Flared Injected Net Stored

12/10-9/13* 479,178 86,567 47,905 38,662 527,083 440,516

10/13-12/13 43,271 27,699 25,328 2,370 68,599 40,900

1/14 -012/14 181,507 109,775 98,950 10,823 280,457 170,684

1/15-012/15 190,276 156,525 141,387 15,092 331,662 175,184

1/16-012/16 167,307 186,192 173,437 12,755 340,744 154,552

1/17-12/17 149,976 146,399 140,889 5,511 290,866 144,466

1/18-8/18 65,703 119,819 108,193 11,626 173,896 54,077

3


Total Phase III 798,040 746,409 688,183 58,176 1,486,224 739,863

* Note that field operator began injecting CO2 in 2010, below are totals for entire period of injection

FWU Total 1,277,218 832,976 736,088 96,838 2,013,307 1,180,379

The storage site is the FWU, located in Ochiltree County Texas, in the far northern Texas Panhandle (Fig. 1). The FWU is a mature oil field, currently undergoing CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR). To date, all CO2 has been from two anthropogenic sources, the Agrium Fertilizer Plant at Borger, TX and the Arkalon Ethanol Plant at Liberal, KS. In 2010, prior to the beginning of the SWP project, site operator Chaparral Energy LLC (CELLC), commenced CO2 injection in five-spot well patterns, starting with three initial patterns in December 2010 and adding patterns through 2017. In November 2017, the field was sold to Perdure Petroleum, which is continuing to operate but currently has no plans for expansion. As of July 2018, there are 16 operating patterns. The role of the SWP has been to document the injection and storage, along with characterizing the field and evaluating the storage permanence and risk.

The field has been operated using a continuous purchase of anthropogenic CO2 at a rate of about 10 MMscf/D or about ~190,000 tonnes/yr (518 tonnes/day) and the purchased gas is augmented with recycled CO2. CO2 purchase has ranged from a high of ~521 tonnes/day to a low of ~313 tonnes/day. CO2 storage has decreased from ~479 tonnes/day in 2015 to a current rate of about 257 tonnes/day. The decrease is due primarily to a change in field management and greatly increased use of recycled CO2 (Fig. 2).

4


Figure 1 Location map showing Southwest Partnership region; oilfield units currently undergoing CO 2-EOR including Farnsworth field area; the two sources of anthropogenic CO2, and CO2 transportation pipelines.

5


2014 2015 2016 2017 20180

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Average per day CO2 disposition at FWU

Purchased Recycled Flared Injected Net Stored

Year

Ave

rage

tonn

es/d

ay C

O2

Figure 2 Disposition of CO2 per day (average) at FWU.

The FWU EOR target and SWP storage unit is the operationally-named Morrow B sandstone, a Pennsylvanian-age incised valley-fill sandstone that extends into eastern Colorado and western Kansas. The FWU is located on the northwestern shelf of the Anadarko basin, an extensive structural basin underlying parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Kansas (Fig. 3). At FWU, the Morrow is at about 7700-8000 ft deep, and is overlain by two excellent seals, the upper Morrow shale and the Thirteen Finger Limestone. The Morrow B has acceptable permeability (averaging around 50 mD, but as high as 500 mD), and porosity of 15-20%. An extremely rough and conservative estimate of CO2 storage capacity of the Morrow B in the FWU exceeds 10 million tonnes.

6


Figure 3 Generalized cross-section of the Anadarko Basin to transect A-A’, which trends along the eastern edge of FWU (indicated by the red diamond in small insert and red rectangle in Figure 2)

During BP3 the project acquired comprehensive data sets for site characterization, CO2

plume monitoring, and storage security. The project drilled, logged, and collected core from three characterization wells, which the SWP used to create increasingly detailed geocellular models. Studies of rock mechanics in both the reservoir and seal units, and comprehensive laboratory studies of relative permeability examined eight distinct sub-facies of the Morrow B sandstone reservoir, which were incorporated into flow models for use in history matching, predicting CO2 concentrations and distributions in the reservoir, production/storage optimization, and risk assessment of long-term storage security. The SWP also acquired surface data for monitoring including a baseline 109 km2 3D seismic survey, baseline and three repeat 3D vertical seismic profile (VSP) surveys centered on an injection well, soil flux and eddy covariance tower measurements for surface flux detection. Subsurface data include baseline and repeat cross-well tomography surveys between injectors and producers, and data from a borehole passive seismic array to monitor for induced seismicity (Fig. 4). Distributed temperature arrays were used to measure variations in borehole temperature and bottomhole pressure. The 3D VSP and cross-well data with repeat surveys have allowed for direct comparisons of the reservoir prior to CO2 injection and at 8, 20, and 32 months into injection. These repeat surveys, along with gas and water phase tracer studies, have been matched to interpreted data, and have contributed to refined geologic and flow models that have improved our understanding of the contribution of faults or fault-like features noted in 3D seismic volumes to the distribution of CO2 in the reservoir over time.

The SWP has established surface and subsurface monitoring baselines and has been monitoring the Ogallala aquifer, reservoir water, production/injection rates, and CO2 soil flux. CO2 soil flux measurements from approximately 90 surface locations have been recorded quarterly during the injection period and compared to baseline data collected monthly during the first year of observation when injection was occurring but prior to a contract being signed with SWP. During each year of the injection period, an updated

7


fine-scale geologic model was produced and distributed for simulation analyses necessary for effective risk assessment and for increased resolution of monitoring, verification and accounting tasks. Simulation efforts focused on history-matching the entire field, reactive transport modeling, CO2 capacity estimation, quantification of seal integrity, and forecasting the fate of the CO2 plume 100 years or more post-injection. Risk management focused on two primary aspects: (1) programmatic risks, such as resource and management risks that might impede project progress or costs, and (2) technical risks inherent to the scientific and engineering objectives of the project during injection. An initial risk registry of significant features, events, and processes that could impact the project was created, and yearly refinements to the registry have contributed to a more robust understanding of project risks and how they have evolved over time.

Eight tasks were proposed for this Phase III project:Task 1.0 – Regional CharacterizationTask 2.0 – Public Outreach and EducationTask 3.0 – Permitting and NEPA complianceTask 4.0 – Site Characterization and PlanningTask 5.0 – Well Drilling and CompletionTask 6.0 – Operational Monitoring and ModelingTask 7.0 – Post-Injection Period Monitoring and Risk AssessmentTask 8.0 – Project Management

Of these tasks, all but Task 7 were started during BP3. Tasks 4, 5, and 6 were largely completed during this period. Baseline site characterization has been completed, no additional drilling activities are planned for BP4, and operational monitoring and modeling will transition to a post-operational mode. All other tasks will remain active during BP4 although the bulk of work will be concentrated in Tasks 7 and 8. Work in BP4 is more completely described in Section 7.

3. MILESTONE LOG

The following tabulation summarizes milestones/results for Budget Period 3. Items highlighted in yellow in the “Actual” completion dates column are an indication of ongoing work or partial completion.

Table 2 Milestone Status for BP3 (Quarters of Federal Fiscal Year)

Milestone Planned Actual Verification Method

Obtain required Insurance and finalize site access agreement with Chaparral. Q4-FY13 Q4-FY13 Signed Site

ContractComplete development of the characterization, monitoring, modeling, and risk assessment work plans and submit to NETL .

Q4-FY13 Q3-FY14 Plans submitted to NETL

Complete the baseline monitoring of the FWU. Q1-FY14 Q1-FY14 Submit results to NETL

Initiate monitoring and accounting of injected CO2.

Q1-FY14 Q1-FY14

8



First and second characterization wells drilled, cored, logged and completed. Q2-FY14 Q2-FY14 Reports on each

Item’s completion.Incorporate completed 3D seismic survey into preliminary geologic model and use that first model to interpret storage (trapping) in existing 5-spot pattern, and to produce first forecasts of CO2 injection, and trapping (storage)/recycling for future 5-spots.

Q2-FY14 Q4-FY 14 Report history match and predictions using model.

Complete baseline 3D VSP and crosswell seismic for characterization wells one and two (west side of FWU).

Q3-FY14 Q2-FY14Document results in Quarterly Report

Third characterization well drilled, cored, logged, completed, and pressure testing completed. Q4-FY14 Q4-FY14

Inform NETL on recommendation for additional monitoring

Determine if third well has sufficient communication with surrounding well to inject CO2 and therefore continue monitoring (GO/NO-GO for additional seismic)

Q1-FY15 Tracer testQ4-FY15

CELLC/NMT Notify Project Manager of Go/No-Go Decision

Complete first repeat 3D VSP and crosswell seismic for Characterization Well 1 Q1-FY15 Q2-FY15

Document results in Quarterly Report

Complete update of geologic and reservoir model based on monitoring data. Recalibrate monitoring (redesign and redeploy monitoring surveys) for future 5-spot injections, based on the newly-updated model.

Q2-FY15 Q3 –FY15Report history match and predictions using model.

Form and engage a new Phase III advisory board. Q2-FY15 Q2-FY16

First Board Meeting Scheduled

Produce new forecasts of CO2 injection and trapping (storage)/recycle for future 5-spot injections, based on newly-updated models and other “lessons learned” from existing 5-spot injections.

Q3-FY15Ongoing. Initial

completion: ~Q4-FY15

Report history match and predictions using model.

Complete injection of at least 250,000 tonnes (net) of CO2 at FWU EOR site. Q4-FY15 Q2-FY15

Notify Project Manager of achieved target

Second Tracer Study – inject second round (set) of CO2 tracers at selected FWU Wells Q1-FY16 Q1-FY16 Notify Project

Manager via memoUpdate History Match – Complete full field history match utilizing updated compositional model and 2015 geomodel


Update geomodel – Incorporate recent characterization results into new SWP simulation model set


Deploy second Eddy Covariance Tower - Deploy a second Eddy Covariance tower to

Q1-FY18 Q3-FY18 Document results in Quarterly

9



increase coverage of surface measurements (CO2 and CH4) at the FWU; remains in field until Q4-FY18. ReportAcquire second repeat survey of 3D VSP centered on the 13-10a injection well. Q1-FY17 Q1-FY17 Notify Project

Manager via memoQuantification of tracer recovery from on-going tracer studies; includes analysis and associated simulation models to resolve or interpret potential impact of faulting on fluid flow in the reservoir. May include laboratory testing to determine tracer partition coefficients and/or tracer adsorption equilibrium constants.

Q2-FY17

Ongoing, tracer tests have taken

longer than expected to

return results


Update geologic model - Include refined fault characterization from seismic and tracer studies and associated simulations and results from fluid-rock interaction data from lab studies at NMT and Sandia.

Q3-FY17

Ongoing, will continue into

BP4 with tracer results and other

updates


Update history match using 2017 geologic model Q2-FY18 Ongoing


4. ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Following is a list of accomplishments during Phase III BP3. This list is only partial, containing major accomplishments. Many are duplication of the milestones listed in Table 1. A bibliography of publications and major presentations is included (Appendix A).

TASK 1 Regional Characterization Provided NATCARB and Atlas with yearly updates as requested. Created various compilations of subsurface temperature gradients and subsurface maps for

the state that can be useful in identifying storage targets (Oklahoma Geological Survey).

Designed, developed and released the online database SWP-Velo for sharing of data and simulations by the SWP community.

Published numerous articles relevant to characterization of analogous fields elsewhere in Anadarko Basin.

Interpreted 2D seismic data, geophysical logs, and core data from the northeast TX panhandle and integrated these data into petroleum system models. These models provided information on the thermal evolution of the basin, porosity, permeability of formations, pressure, maturation, oil migration pathways and oil composition in the region.

Created a first generation petroleum systems model for the Morrow in the Texas panhandle. Such models attempt to model the complete structural evolution, temperature, pressure history, generation, migration, accumulation, and loss of oil and gas in a petroleum system, thus improving understanding regional storage systems.

10


TASK 2 Public Outreach and Education Developed Outreach Work Plan. Developed and maintained public website for Phase III SWP

(https://www.southwestcarbonpartnership.org). Held Outreach Meeting April 2014 in Perryton TX with all landowners invited by letter and

the public in surrounding committees of FWU invited by an open letter in the local newspapers.

Conducted an annual meeting every year, alternating between sites of various partners. Assembled an outside advisory group to evaluate our efforts Presented over 100 presentations and publications at all levels and venues, from student

posters to major technical conferences Contracted with Springer Publications for “Forecasting CO2 Sequestration with Enhanced

Oil Recovery: Learning from SWP Project,” a book that documents many of the most significant findings from the SWP project at FWU, currently under review.

Participated in all Best Practice Manual working groups, and contributed to writing of all the Best Practice Manuals.

Task 3 – Permitting and NEPA compliance Completed all required environmental questionnaires and received a categorical exclusion

after their completion. Found no items that impacted the National Historic Preservation Act. The location is an

active farming and oil field site. Completed all required site surveys for civil, archaeological and biological. Acquired required injection well (UIC Class II) permits (CELLC). Acquired all permits required for seismic surveys. Acquired permission for all surface gas flux and water sampling.

TASK 4 Site Characterization and Planning Gathered and evaluated available data including geophysical, earthquake (seismic), cores,

logs, well, production, and geological reports. Reviewed, described, photographed and wrote core report for five pre-existing cores archived

at CGG Core Repository, Schulenburg, TX. Researchers completed a report on the textural, sedimentological, and fracture-related features on the unit. Based on this work, a comprehensive core sampling, handling, and analysis plan was designed for new coring at the FWU for SWP characterization wells 13-10A, 13-14, and 32-8. This work supported development of an early geologic model of FWU as an incised valley fluvial deposit.

Obtained petrographic thin sections that had been made for a FWU research project in the 1990s, providing greater areal coverage of data used for lithofacies interpretation.

Selected and donated (CELLC) site of a monitoring well for passive seismic and downhole pressure and temperature sensors.

Developed initial reservoir model from existing log and core data. Performed an initial risk assessment. Developed Site Work Plans for MVA, Characterization, Simulation and Risk work groups.

TASK 5 Wells Three well sites were selected cooperatively by SWP and CELLC for SWP participation in

drilling to obtain required information for site characterization and MVA activities. Three wells were drilled, logged, and cored: Wells 13-10A, 13-14, and 32-08.

11


Well 13-10 was selected as a monitoring well: SWP installed a DTS (Distributed Temperature Survey) for real-time temperature surveys from surface to reservoir, and downhole sensors for monitoring temperature and pressure in the reservoir.

DTS and downhole sensors were installed in wells 13-10 and 13-10A. These worked well, but created problems with well workovers and injections and thus were removed and replaced with downhole memory gauges.

TASK 6 Operational Monitoring and Modeling

Task 6.1 Surface and Near-Surface Monitoring USDW sampling: Groundwater sampling was performed for 16+ sites within and

surrounding the FWU, monthly for the first year and quarterly since 2014. Surface CO2 sampling: Surface soil CO2 flux measurements were made at nearly 100 sites

monthly for the first year and quarterly since 2014. Eddy covariance system: The Picarro eddy covariance system for monitoring CO2, CH4 and

H2O flux was deployed at FWU in late May 2015. A LiCor CO2, CH4 and H2O eddy system was deployed to the FWU in June 2018. Work is continuing on developing an automated routine for identifying and quantifying point source leaks.

Development of MVA Database: The MVA workgroup continues to generate a significant quantity of spatial and temporal data from activities at the FWU. The UU has utilized an open-source database to capture, store and manage much of the data from the MVA workgroup. The database also provides easy access to MVA data for analysis and modeling/simulation.

Task 6.2 Subsurface Monitoring CO2 storage accounting: SWP tracked fluid injection and production for the entire FWU since

the inception of CO2 injection. As of August 2018, 798,040 metric tons of CO2 had been purchased and injected with 746,409 metric tonnes of CO2 produced. Of the produced CO2

688,183 tonnes were reinjected for a net storage since October 2013 of 739,863 metric tonnes of CO2. SWP also tracked all the CO2 injected into the FWU since the start of the EOR project in December 2010. Between December 2010 and September 2013 an additional 440,517 metric tonnes of CO2 were stored at FWU.

Geologic and petrophysical characterization: SWP collected a rich set of geologic data for FWU. This includes electrical logs from almost 150 wells, an advanced suite of logs including borehole image logs for each of the new characterization wells, core descriptions and photos for legacy and new characterization wells, and results from a variety of analyses. Analyses include core porosity, permeability, geomechanical testing, thermal maturity, petrographic description, XRD, microprobe, X-ray CT-scans, wettability, core fracture analysis, interpretation of borehole image logs, mercury porosimetry, and more. Additional laboratory tests investigated two-and three-phase relative permeability measurements and the coupled geochemical-geomechanical response of two of the reservoir lithofacies to long-term exposure to CO2 and brine at reservoir conditions.

Caprock characterization: Reservoir seals were analyzed in detail, including descriptions of core lithologies and sedimentary features, natural and induced fractures and estimates of lateral continuity. Caprock geomechanical, petrophysical, and petrographic studies were conducted to understand the caprock lithology, CO2 column heights, fracture gradients, and seal potential. FWU core from well 13-10A was sampled in the field and preserved in helium-tight canisters. Noble gas analysis from the preserved core indicates that the upper Morrow shale caprock lithologies show no degree of leakage from historical water and CO 2

12


flooding in the FWU, whereas the Morrow B sandstone has a strong, distinct noble gas isotopic signature corresponding to EOR activities.

Tracers: Groundwater sampling of aqueous-phase tracers was conducted on a quarterly basis to identify any potential leakage of brine from the injection reservoir conducted quarterly. Surface/atmospheric sampling of vapor-phase tracers was conducted ~annually to identify any potential leakage of CO2 from the injection reservoir.

Downhole sensors: Distributed temperature sensors (DTS) and downhole sensors were initially placed in wells 13-10 and 13-10A. They were removed during subsequent workovers. Downhole memory gauges were reinstalled in well 13-10A. Little variability was noted in readings to-date, but the data continued to be monitored.

Task 6.3 Seismic Activities Seismic surveys: A 3D surface survey was completed for the entire FWU. This data was

reprocessed to improve resolution. 3D-VSP baselines were completed for wells 13-10A, 13-14, and 32-08. Three repeat VSP surveys were conducted on well #13-10A. Crosswell baselines were completed for well combinations 13-10A/13-06, 13-10A/13-14, 14-01/13-14, and 32-08/32-04. Repeat crosswell surveys were run for wells 13-10A/13-06, and 13-10A/13-14.

Interpretations: Seismic interpretation of original 3D surface seismic data was completed, identifying potential structural or facies changes within the reservoir. Data initially collected were reprocessed in late 2016/early 2017 and has been used to refine original interpretations. An initial 3D velocity model was completed. SWP worked closely with experienced personnel at Schlumberger in both data processing and interpretation to develop the most effective workflows and methods of using the data available.

Microseismic data: Microseismic data were recorded essentially continuously from January 2014 to December 2017. The data from this period were extremely noisy, in part because of equipment failure. The nonfunctional geophones in the downhole array will be replaced in last quarter of 2018. Some initial investigation highlighted potential microseismic events, but also pointed out difficulties in data management. Latest efforts focused on data management and decimation, as well as some efforts to improve the data collected to-date. To deal with the extremely noisy microseismic data, LANL developed a double-difference full-waveform inversion method in anisotropic media to jointly invert time-lapse seismic data for changes in elastic parameters caused by CO2 injection/migration, and validated the method using synthetic time-lapse VSP data.

Task 6.4 Reservoir Modeling Geologic modeling: Developed several generations of geological models; successive models

incorporated more detailed reservoir information as it became available, tying in well data, core and lithological analyses from both reservoir and seal, 3D seismic interpretations, and results of geomechanical testing. SWP developed a system of classifying the reservoir into flow units based on lithofacies and petrophysical properties and conducted pore scale modeling of hydraulic flow units.

Reservoir modeling: Several dynamic reservoir models were developed, including models incorporating reservoir scale heterogeneities and fault transmissibility models.

Simulation: Simulations included history matching of primary and secondary production, the first seven years of CO2 injection/production at FWU using a black-oil simulator and history matching of primary and secondary production, and tertiary CO2-WAG recovery processes at FWU using a compositional oil simulator. Simulation models were also developed to examine and evaluate parameters that included effects of relative permeability on storage capacity, trapping mechanisms, fault risk assessment and chemical reactions associated with carbon storage. Additional simulation accomplishments include:

13


o Development of a preliminary optimization framework to co-optimize oil recovery and CO2 storage. This strategy incorporates amounts of CO2 purchased, amounts recycled, compressor capacity, and infill drilling to improve field scale forecasting. The framework now includes a simplified economic model to evaluate optimization scenarios for future forecast of field performance.

o Extension of an existing geomodel (in Petrel ©) to model grids for use and application in STOMP (PNNL) and TOUGHREACT (LBNL). A speciation model of the Morrow B formation water was developed to understand formation water chemistry. A reaction path model of CO2 injection into Morrow B formation water was developed to understand the physics and reaction paths of CO2 dissolution in the formation brine. A working three-dimensional reactive transport model encompassing the areal extent of the FWU and the thickness of the Morrow B Sandstone and overlying shale was completed that includes water and CO2 but not oil or methane.

o Expansion of STOMP-EOR simulator: The STOMP-EOR simulator was expanded to include an equation-of-state module for both black-oil and compositional systems, a novel mixed-wettability model for saturation versus capillary pressure relationships, and a three-phase relative permeability model. SWP developed and verified a version of STOMP-EOR with capabilities for modeling both black-oil and compositional systems. Additional work included development and verification of a reactive transport module (ECKEChem for STOMP-EOR), implementation of threaded computing capabilities in STOMP-EOR via OpenMP, and development of block refinement capabilities in STOMP-EOR.

Task 6.5 Risk Assessment Features, Events, Processes (FEPs): An initial registry of risk was compiled using the FEPs

methodology, wherein project participants identified potential risks and evaluated them for severity and likelihood to rank them as risks to the project. This registry was updated annually since 2014, showing some evolution based on experience with the project and understanding of risk.

Risk Modeling: Simulation models, updated annually, were used as the basis for quantitative risk assessment. Several modeling methodologies were explored. These included:o A risk assessment model based on the CO2-PENS framework to quantify capacity,

injectivity, pressure and migration with the goal of accounting for the CO2 at the FWU.o Process level models used by the simulation group such as ECLIPSE, TOUGHREACT

and SENSOR were used to develop response surface models using PSUADE, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE). FEPs were linked to the key model inputs and outputs of the process models that were then converted to response surfaces.

o Process Influence Diagrams (PIDs) for four areas including CO2 storage, CO2-EOR, CO2 leakage and geomechanical risk.

Assessment metholodogy: A new risk assessment methodology for subsurface carbon storage was developed, specifically for the FWU, that combines polynomial-chaos-expansion with response-surface methods to quantify uncertainty and generate probability density forecasts for risks specific to carbon sequestration (note: models of the SWP Phase II SACROC site were used for calibration of the methodology).

Risk Assessment Specific to USDWs: Developed initial risk assessment framework for potential risks to underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) by subsurface carbon storage, with the Ogallala above FWU as the primary case study.

14


5. BP3 Deliverables

Deliverables for Budget Period 3 are described in the table below. Most deliverables have been completed; three are outstanding.

Table 3 BP3 Deliverables and status

Deliverable Proof Date Completed Task 1 Regional CharacterizationAssessment Report of specific commercial CCUS options identified in the SWP region

Report to be submitted at end of BP3 Not completed

Atlas and NATCARB submissions per NETL requests

Natcarb Atlases IV (p. 82-91) and V (p. 58-65)

2015

SWP assessment for Geological Sequestration: Regional capacity vs emissions analysis.

Summary report updating results from Phase I report by end of BP3

Not completed

Contributions and revisions of interpartnership working group “Best Practices Manuals” (as appropriate and/or requested by NETL).

Contributed to Outreach, Characterization, Simulation & Risk, & MVA manuals (all in 2017 revision)

2017

Task 2 Public outreach and EducationPublic Outreach Plan Submitted 2013Summary report of outreach and education efforts and efficacy, including metrics applied.

Report to be submitted end of BP3 Not completed. Report to be submitted in Q1, 2019.

Task 3 Summary report of regulatory and permitting practices for the SWP

Submitted with Phase II Report covering region

2012

Copies of all required permits, including NEPA compliance.

Submitted to NETL 2013

Documentation showing compliance to the National Historic Preservation Act (as supplied by NETL).

Not required for FWU NA

Documentation proving liability coverage for all operations

Submitted to NETL 2013

Task 4 Site Characterization Work Plan Submitted 2013 MVA Work Plan. Submitted 2013 Simulation/Modeling Work Plan Submitted 2013 Risk Assessment Work Plan Submitted 2013

15


Summary report of initial site characterization and modeling analysis, including results and interpretations.

This was presented in the continuation proposal for BP3 for Farnsworth

2015

Task 5 Summary report for each characterization well of engineering and drilling activities

Submitted in Quarterly Reports 2014

Summary report of assessment of existing potable water wells at the FWU


Summary reports of core and logs for each characterization well


Task 6.0 – Operational Monitoring and Modeling Summary report of operational monitoring and modeling

Papers, presentations, Quarterly Reports, Reservoir modeling report, Ampomah dissertation, Coutinho, Moodie, Khan and Ahmed theses, SWP book chapters

2014-2018

Summary report of characterization of target reservoir strata and brine and seals.

Papers, presentations, quarterly reports, Heath interim report, Cather interim report, Trujillo, Gallagher, Gragg, Rose-Coss theses, SWP book chapters

2014-2018

Summary report of seismic results.

Papers, presentations, quarterly reports, processing reports from Western GECO. Czoski, Hutton, Gragg, Ziegler theses

2014-2018

Summary report determining if the injection formation is sufficiently large and without significant risk features that would preclude large-scale sequestration.

Simulation studies, quarterly reports on reservoir storage capacity

2014-2018

Summary report of risk assessment analyses, including results of FEPs framework, model analyses and interpretations.

FEPS workshops, PID report, publications and presentations. Xiao thesis.

2014-2018

Summary report of mitigation options.

Risk prevention and mitigation treatments 2014

Summary report of reservoir modeling studies, including data and results of target formation capacity, injectivity, plume migration/extent, seal formation modeling analyses, and the role and relationship to risk assessment.

Papers, presentations, quarterly Reports, Reservoir modeling report, Ampomah dissertation, Heath report, Moodie, Khan and Ahmed theses, SWP book chapters

2014-2018

16


Comprehensive monitoring, verification and accounting (MVA) results during injection, based on results of integrated aspects of site characterization, monitoring, modeling, and risk assessment.

Papers, presentations, quarterly Reports, Reservoir modeling report, Ampomah dissertation, Heath report, Moodie, Khan and Ahmed theses, SWP book chapters

2014-2018

Summary report of safety requirements.

Site safety (H2S) and defensive driving certification, visitors to field accompanied by trained SWP personnel

Ongoing

Task 8 Project Management Kick-off meeting for the FWU site

Completed 2013

Updated Project Management Plan

Completed 2013

Annual progress meetings held Completed Annually Quarterly and annual progress reports.

Completed Quarterly and Annually

Documentation of 1 MM tonnes injected.

NA

Work Plans and budget for BP4. Completed Sep-18 Best management practices delivered, as requested by NETL for:

Completed 2017

o Site characterization Completed 2017o Simulation modeling Completed 2017o Permitting Completed 2017o Monitoring Completed 2017o Public outreach Completed 2017

6. PROPOSED WORK FOR BUDGET PERIOD 4

Tasks to be completed during Budget Period 4 include all but Tasks 4, 5 and 6. Work under each task is described briefly below, and in the SOPO (Appendix B).

In Task 1, Regional Characterization, SWP will seek to expand estimates of CO2 storage capacity to similar Morrowan reservoirs throughout the Anadarko basin. SWP will also continue to share data and information with other RCSPs as requested.

In Task 2, Public Outreach and Education, SWP will continue outreach efforts. These include publications and presentations at professional meetings, outreach to the stakeholder community via personal interactions, web site, invitations to annual meetings, and cooperation with national outreach efforts such as the Outreach Working Group.

17


In Task 3, Permitting and NEPA compliance, the SWP will continue to conduct any necessary surveys, and obtain all necessary permits and approvals to comply with state and federal requirements. SWP shall provide documentation of required continuous site access agreements and shall document all project liabilities related to the field site.

Task 7 Post-Injection Period Monitoring and Risk Assessment, is described more completely as much of the effort during BP4 is concentrated in this task. After the operational phase is completed, the active phase of MVA ceases although the field operator’s injection operations will continue indefinitely. At this point, effort shall be targeted towards monitoring and risk assessment. Characterization tasks shall be limited to those needed to support refinement of modeling, improved estimates of storage security or capacity, and modeling necessary to provide an accurate risk assessment. MVA will continue to verify the CO2 remains in place and ensure that there are no adverse impacts to shallow geology, overlying USDWs, and atmosphere. As during the operational phase, SWP will continue to modify and improve the site characterization, monitoring, and model as new data is obtained. The SWP has access to a monitoring well (i.e., neither producing nor injecting) in a five-spot pattern in the west side of the FWU, which allows the unique opportunity to collect microseismic and other data during the monitoring phase as field operations continue. In addition, SWP still has access to an injection well and a producing well in this pattern which allow for some additional observations to continue.Task 7 consists of four subtasks:

Subtask 7.1 Monitoring

The goal of Budget Period 4 MVA activities will be a continuation of critical activities necessary to evaluate fluid (CO2, brine and/or hydrocarbons) migration (intended or unintended) at the FWU. These critical activities include quarterly monitoring of USDW groundwater wells, monitoring the surface for CO2 leaks, additional time-lapse seismic to image CO2 plume movement, continuous monitoring of microseismicity, use of downhole sensors to monitor temperature/pressure, and regular updates of fluid injection/production/flare data from the field operator for accounting and simulation. Monitoring may also include use of data collected in repeat wireline logging, sidewall coring, and characterization of legacy wells for analysis of wellbore integrity. Tracer tests will continue for well patterns that may be affected by faults/fractures that have been identified through previous tracer tests or other methods (e.g. seismic).

Subtask 7.2 Refine Site Characterization Data

Efforts proposed under Subtask 7.2 are refinement of existing characterization work, completion of some tasks that were unfinished in BP3, or filling in gaps in information that became apparent as BP3 progressed. The continued refinement of site characterization data will improve the simulation activities, estimation of storage capacity, and ultimately, the assessment of storage risk in the FWU and similar reservoirs. Work in this subtask includes a continuation of rock/fluid interaction studies and expansion of the work into advanced geomechanical characterization. Further efforts will be made to correlate flow units, lithofacies, and depositional

18


elements within the context of the sedimentary depositional system and to use these correlations to better model reservoir heterogeneity, refine interpretations of faults or fault-like features, and to build a reservoir-scale predictive model. Other characterization work will include improved interpretations of existing seismic data, and upscaling of reservoir-scale predictive models to a more regional scale.

Subtask 7.3 Refine Geologic and Reservoir Models

The geologic and reservoir numerical models developed in Task 6 will be refined to incorporate new data and/or improved analyses to ensure accuracy of our predictions. This task involves verification of mapped faults from BP3 interpretations, utilization of any derived correlation between flow units and seismic or log attributes, incorporation information gleaned from more advanced seismic analyses, incorporation of studies of rock/fluid interactions, geomechanical studies and other information that may become available. Work under this subtask will also examine the impact of a number of parameters on storage capacity, operational efficiency, and overall risk. Finally, various “what if” scenarios will be simulated, such as continued operation of the depleted oil reservoir as strictly a carbon storage project to see effects on capacity and risk.

Subtask 7.4 Risk Assessment

SWP risk assessment efforts during BP4 will focus especially on continued quantitative risk assessment of top-ranked risk elements. These include: geomechanical risks (for example, seal deformation and other caprock integrity risks), brine and CO2 leakage potential, potential chemical impacts of such leakage, comparison of the relative risks or probabilities of leakage during CO2-EOR to deep saline CO2 storage, uncertainty reduction, effects of model upscaling, and geochemical storage capacity loss. Supporting these quantitative risk assessment tasks, BP4 risk assessment includes additional tasks to formalize the linkage between qualitative and quantitative risk assessment, as well as to update risk prevention and mitigation plans. A critical emphasis within all aspects of risk assessment during Budget Period 4 will be risk communication. Specifically, SWP shall focus on technology transfer of risk assessment results that are tailored for key stakeholders, and on expression of results in the context of Programmatic Goals of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Carbon Storage program.

In Task 8, Project Management, SWP will continue such management activities as project administration, project oversight and coordination, and reporting, as well as completion of all deliverables. The SWP will continually evaluate the status of the budget as well as the project structure.

7. PROPOSED MILESTONES FOR BUDGET PERIOD 4 Table 4 is arranged by the Federal Fiscal Year and Quarter when significant items will be completed. The Project Management Plan will be revisited and will be based on the follow milestones.

Table 4 BP4 Milestones

19


Quarter Critical Milestone Success Criteria Verification method

Option if milestone not met

Q1 9/30/2018

Revised Project Management Plan

Plan Submitted Submission of revised PMP

NA

Q2 12/31/2018

Borehole seismic array deployment

Borehole seismic array successfully installed

Verified by report

Pull and redeploy or abandon additional microseismic tasks

Q3 3/31/2019

First generation geologic model using reprocessed seismic data

Completed Verified by report

NA

Q4 6/30/2019

Surface seismic array deployment

Surface seismic array successfully installed

Verified by report

Abandon surface seismic measurements

Q5 9/30/2019

Tracer injection and preliminary analysis

BP4 tracer injections started and initial analysis of results begun

Verified by report

If not successful, stop sampling

Q6 12/31/2019

Fluid characterization Successfully characterize fluid analysis to EOS

Verified by report

If not successful, repeat

Q7 3/31/2020

Pressure history match - initial

Match field pressure history

Verified by report

Will repeat if does not result in good match

Q8 6/30/2020

Extend quantitative brine and CO2 leakage calculations

Successfully characterize leakage potential of FWU wells

Verified by report

If not successful, won’t be included in risk assessment

Q9 9/30/2020

Complete modeling approaches for resolving low-grade faults

Successfully characterize permeability changed coupled with reactive flow through faults

Verified by report


Q10 12/31/2020

Complete relative permeability analysis

Successfully implementation in history matching model

Verified by report

If not successful, won't be included in history matching workflow

Q11 3/31/2021

Well integrity monitoring report

Successfully characterize well integrity at field and well scale, provide results to risk team

Verified by report


Q12 6/30/2021

Chemomechanical and geobodies modeling analysis and model

Successfully complete geomechanical experiments; expand the characterization and modeling of flow units to reservoir scale

Verified by reports


Q13 9/30/2021

Microseismic analysis Successfully characterize microseismic events

Verified by report and data

If not successful, will not be included in risk analysis

20


by location, magnitude, and focal mechanisms

Q14 12/31/2021

Tracer history match and VSP displacement history match

Fluid injection and production volumes for individual wells/patterns quantified

Verified by report and data

NA

Q15 3/31/2022

Geochemical modeling Quantify the impact of the oil phase on the aqueous-CO2 reactions.

Verified by report

Risk assessment will utilize previously determined aqueous-CO2 reactivity.

Q16 6/30/2022

Quantitative risk assessment

Complete quantitative risk analysis and formalize links with qualitative analysis, including evaluations of uncertainty, mitigation and communication

Verified by report

Risk workgroup leaders notify the PIs immediately and take corrective actions.

21

DE-FC26-05NT42591 Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration Appendix A: Bibliography

Appendix A: Papers in Journals, Conference Proceedings, and Major Presentations

Ahmmed B., Appold M.S., Fan T., McPherson B.J., Grigg R.B., and White M.D.(2016) Chemical effects of CO2 sequestration in the Upper Morrow Sandstone in theFarnsworth, Texas hydrocarbon unit: Environmental Geosciences Journal, v. 23, p. 1-13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/eg.09031515006

Ahmmed B. (2015) Numerical modeling of CO2 -water-rock interactions in the Farnsworth, Texas hydrocarbon unit, USA. M.S. thesis, University of Missouri—Columbia. 62 pp. https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/handle/10355/46985

Ahmmed B., and Appold M. (2014) Reactive transport modeling of CO2 injection in the Farnsworth, Texas hydrocarbon field. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. Dec. 15-19, 2014, San Francisco, CA. abstract #H23A-0847.

Ampomah W., Balch R.S., Cather M., Rose-Coss D., Dai Z., Heath J., Dewers T., and Mozley P. (2016). Evaluation of CO2 Storage Mechanisms in CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery Sites: Application to Morrow Sandstone Reservoir. Energy and Fuels, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01888

Ampomah W., Balch R.S., Ross-Coss D., Hutton A., Cather M., and Will R.A. (2016) An Integrated Approach for Characterizing a Sandstone Reservoir in the Anadarko Basin. Offshore Technology Conference. May 2-5, 2016, Houston, TX. doi:10.4043/26952-MS

Ampomah W., Balch R.S., and Grigg R.B. (2015). Analysis of Upscaling Algorithms in Heterogeneous Reservoirs with Different Recovery Processes. SPE Production and Operations Symposium. March 1-5, 2015, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/173588-MS

Ampomah W., Balch R.S., Grigg R.B., McPherson B., Will R.A., Lee S.Y., Dai Z., and Pan F., (2016). Co-optimization of CO2-EOR and storage processes in mature oil reservoirs, Greenhouse Gas Sci Technol. 00:1–15 (2016); DOI: 10.1002/ghg.

Ampomah W., Balch R.S., Chen H-Y, Gunda D., and Cather M. (2016) Probabilistic Reserve Assessment and Evaluation of Sandstone Reservoir in the Anadarko Basin. SPE/IAEE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium. May 17-18, 2016, Houston, TX. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179953-MS

Ampomah W., Balch R.S., Grigg R.B., Dai Z., and Pan F. (2015). Compositional Simulation of CO2 Storage Capacity in Depleted Oil Reservoirs. Carbon Management Technology Conference. Nov. 17-19, 2015, Houston, TX. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7122/439476-MS

Ampomah W., Balch R.S., Cather M., Will R., Lee S.Y., and Dai, Z. (2016). Performance of CO2-EOR and Storage Processes Under Uncertainty. SPE Europec at 78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition, Vienna, Austria, 30 May–2 June 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/180084-MS

Ampomah W., Balch R.S., Grigg R.B., Will R., Lee S.Y. (2016): Optimization of CO2-EOR Process in Partially Depleted Oil Reservoirs, SPE Western Regional Meeting, May 23-26, 2016, Anchorage, Alaska. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/180376-MS

Ampomah W., Balch R.S., Grigg R.B., Will R., and White M.D. (2016): Farnsworth Field CO2-EOR Project: Performance Case History, SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference, April 11-13, 2016, Tulsa, OK, USA. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.2118/179528-MS

Ampomah W., Balch R.S., Will R., Cather M., Gunda D., and Dai Z. (2016). Co-optimization of CO2-EOR and Storage Processes under Geological Uncertainty, 13th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-13, November 14-18, 2016, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Ampomah W., (2016) Reservoir characterization and optimization of CO2-EOR process in partially depleted oil reservoirs. PhD. Dissertation, New Mexico Tech.

22


Ampomah W., Balch R.S., Cather M., Will R., Gunda D., Dai Z., and Soltanian M.R. (2017): Optimum design of CO2 storage and oil recovery under geological uncertainty, Applied Energy 195, 80-92.

Ampomah W., Balch R.S., Cather M., Rose-Coss D., and Gragg, E. (2017) Numerical Simulation of CO2-EOR and Storage Potential in the Morrow Formation, Ochiltree County, Texas, SPE-185086, SPE Oklahoma City Oil & Gas Symposium, March 27-30, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2118/185086-MS

Ampomah W., Balch R., Grigg R.B., Cather M., Gragg E., Will R.A., Whit M., Moodie N., and Dai Z. (2017) Performance assessment of CO2-enhanced oil recovery and storage in the Morrow reservoir, Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources 3, 245-263.

Balch B., and Hutton A. (2015) Geologic Modeling of an Active CO2 EOR and Carbon Storage Project Using 3-D Seismic. 2015 DOE Carbon Storage Meeting. August 18-20, 2015, Pittsburgh, PA.

Balch, R.S., Will R., El-Kaseeh G., Grigg R.B., Hutton A., and Czoski P. (2015) Integrating Multi-Scale Seismic Measurements for EOR/CCUS. SEG Annual Meeting, Oct. 18-23, 2015, New Orleans, Louisiana. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2015-5919900.1

Balch R.B, and Will R. (2015) Subsurface Characterization and Seismic Monitoring for the Southwest Partnerships Phase III Demonstration Project at Farnsworth Field, TX. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. Dec. 14-18, 2015, San Francisco, CA. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm15/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/74547

Balch R.B., Esser R., and Liu N. (2016) Monitoring CO2 at an Enhanced Oil Recovery and Carbon Capture and Storage Project, Farnsworth Unit, Texas. CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities, an Engineering Conferences International (ECI) conference. April 10-14, 2016, Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico.

Balch R.B., Mcpherson B.J., and Grigg R. (2016) Overview of a Large Scale Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Demonstration Project at an active Oil Field, Farnsworth, Texas. Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 13 Nov. 14-18, 2016, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Balch R.B., Mcpherson B.J., and Grigg R. (2017) Overview of a Large Scale Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Demonstration Project at an active Oil Field, Farnsworth, Texas. Energy Procedia V114, p 5874-5887.

Balch R.B., and Mcpherson B.J. (2017) Associated storage of CO2 during Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations: Case Study at Farnsworth Texas. CCUS 2017 Apr 10-13, 2017, Chicago IL.

Cather S.M., and Cather M.E. (2016) Comparative petrography and paragenesis of Pennsylvanian (Upper Morrow) sandstones from the Farnsworth Unit 13-10A, 13-14, and 32-8 wells, Ochiltree County, Texas. PRRC Report 16-01. 2016.

Chidsey T.C., Jr., and Eby D.B. (2014) Reservoir properties and carbonate petrography of the Aneth Unit, Greater Aneth field, Paradox Basin, southeastern Utah. Geology of Utah’s far south: Utah Geological Association Publication 43.

Czoski P., (2014) Geologic characterization of the Morrow B reservoir in Farnsworth Unit, TX using 3D VSP seismic, seismic attributes, and well logs. M.S. thesis, New Mexico Tech.

Coutinho L., (2017) Surface and atmospheric monitoring results from the storage and CO2-Enhanced oil recovery project at Farnsworth Unit, Texas. M.S. thesis, New Mexico Tech.

Dai Z., Viswanathan H., Middleton R., Pan F., Ampomah W., Yang C., Jia W., Lee S.,McPherson B., Balch R., Grigg R., and White M. (2016). CO2 Accounting and Risk Analysis for CO2

Sequestration at Enhanced Oil Recovery Sites. Environmental Science & Technology, 50, 7546-7554. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.6b01744.

Dai Z., Viswanathan H., Fessenden-Rahn J., Middleton R., Pan F., Jia W., Lee S., McPherson B., Ampomah W., and Grigg R.B., (2014). Uncertainty Quantification for CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery. Energy Procedia, 63:7685-7693, ISSN 1876-6102.

Dai Z., Viswanathan H., Middleton R., Pan F., Ampomah W., Yang C., Zhou Y., Jia W., Lee S.Y., McPherson B.J., Balch R.S., Grigg R.B., and White M. (2016). CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery at Depleted Oil/Gas Reservoirs. Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 13 Nov. 14-18, 2016, Lausanne, Switzerland.

23

https://doi.org/10.2118/185086-MS


Dai Z., Middleton R., Viswanathan H., Fessenden-Rahn J., Lee S., McPherson B., (2014). An integrated framework for optimizing CO2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 1, 49-54.

El-Kaseeh G, Will R., Balch R.S., and Grigg R.B. (2016) Multi-Scale Seismic Measurements for CO2 monitoring in EOR/CCUS Project. Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 13, Nov. 14-18, Lausanne, Switzerland.

El-Kaseeh G., Will R., Balch R.S, and Grigg R.B. (2017) Cost Effective Multi-Scale Seismic Measurements for CO2 Monitoring in EOR/CCUS Project. 20th Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference (MEOS), March 6-9, 2017, Manama, Bahrain.

El-Kaseeh G., Will R., and Balch R.S., (2017) Using multi-scale seismic measurements for CO2 monitoring in CCUS/EOR Project. Carbon Management Workshop, Dec. 4, 2017, Midland, Texas. http://www.co2conference.net/2017/12/using-multi-scale-seismic-measurements-for-co2-monitoring-in-ccus-eor-project/

El-kaseeh G., Czoski P., Will R., Balch R., Ampomah W., and Li X. (2108) Time-lapse vertical seismic profile for CO2 monitoring in carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration/EOR, Farnsworth project SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2018, 5377-5381.

Ennin E, Grigg R.B., and Petmecky C. (2016). Laboratory Review of Effect of Salinity on CO2 Storage Potential in Farnsworth Field. SPE Europec at 78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition, Vienna, Austria, 30 May–2 June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/180161-MS.

Esser R., Liu N., McPherson B., Grigg R., Balch R., Garcia L. and Fan T. (2015) MVA Activities - SWP Farnsworth Unit Project. 2015 DOE Carbon Storage Meeting. Aug 18-20, 2015, Pittsburgh, PA.

Gallagher S.R., (2014) Depositional and diagenetic controls on reservoir heterogeneity: Upper Morrow sandstone, Farnsworth Unit, Ochiltree County, Texas: M.S. Thesis, New Mexico Tech.

Gragg E., van Wijk J., and Balch R. (2016). 2D Petroleum System Modeling in Support of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage in the Northeast Texas Panhandle. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, Dec. 12-16, 2016, San Francisco, CA.

Gragg, Evan J., van Wijk, J., and Balch R.S. (2016). 1D Basin Modeling: A Useful Technique for Geologic Carbon Storage Evaluation. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting Sept. 25-28, 2016, Denver, CO.

Gragg E., van Wijk J., and Balch R. (2016). Petroleum System Modeling in the Western Anadarko Basin: Implications for Carbon Storage. New Mexico Geological Society Spring Meeting, April 8th, 2016.

Gragg E., Will R., Rose-Coss D., Trujillo N., Hutton A., Ampomah W., van Wijk J., and Balch R.S. (2018) Geomodeling, Geomechanics, and Evaluating the Subsurface for Carbon Storage. AAPG Southwest Section meeting, 4/9/2018. El Paso, TX.

Grigg R.B., Ampomah W., and Gundah D. (2015). Integrating CO2 EOR and CO2 Storage in Farnsworth Field. 2015 DOE Carbon Storage Meeting. Aug. 18-20, 2015, Pittsburgh, PA.

Gunda D., Ampomah W., Grigg R., and Balch R. (2015). Reservoir Fluid Characterization for Miscible Enhanced Oil Recovery. In Carbon Management Technology Conference. Nov. 17-18, 2015, Sugar Land, TX.

Haar K., and Balch, R. (2015) Fluid Substitution Modeling to Determine Sensitivity of 3D Vertical Seismic Profile Data to Injected CO2 at an active Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Project, Farnsworth field, TX. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. Dec. 14-18, 2015, San Francisco, CA.

Hutton A. and Balch R.S, (2015) Geologic modeling of an active CO2 EOR and carbon storage project using 3-D seismic models and extracted attributes, Farnsworth, Texas. AAPG Annual Convention, June 2, 2015, Denver, CO.

Hutton A., (2015). Geophysical Modeling and Structural Interpretation of a 3D Reflection Seismic Survey in Farnsworth Unit, TX. M.S. Thesis, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 85pp. http://www.prrc.nmt.edu/publications/media/pdf/thesis/Hutton_Thesis_final.pdf.

24


Irons T., McPherson B., Moodie N., Kass M.A., Heath J., Dewers T., Bower E., Rose-Coss D., and Ampomah, W. (2017). Random walk NMR simulation and interpretation of multiphase borehole data. SAGEEP/NGWA Deep Groundwater Conference 2017.

Jia W., Pan F., Dai Z., Xiao T., White M., and McPherson, B. (2016). Probabilistic Risk Assessment of CO2 Trapping Mechanisms in a Sandstone CO2 -EOR Field in Northern Texas, USA. 13th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-13. November 14-18, 2016, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Jia W., McPherson B., Pan F., Xiao T., and Bromhal, G. (2016). Assessment of CO2 Storage Mechanisms in a CO2-EOR Field: A Reduced Order Modeling Approach. 2016 AIChE Annual Meeting. 2016 November 13-18, San Francisco, CA.

Jia W., McPherson B., Pan F., Dai Z., and Xiao, T. (2016). Uncertainty Quantification of CO2 Storage Mechanisms Using Bayesian Inference. USTAR Confluence 2016:Where Innovation Meets Economic Development. October 4-5, 2016, Salt Lake City, UT.

Jia W., and McPherson B. (2014) Uncertainty Quantification of Sequestered CO2 in CCS Project. USTAR Confluence 2014: Where Innovation Meets Economic Development. November 3-4, 2014, Salt Lake City, UT.

Jia W., McPherson B., Pan F., Xiao T., and Bromhal, G. (2016). Probabilistic Analysis of CO2

Storage Mechanisms in a CO2-EOR Field Using Polynomial Chaos Expansion. InternationalJournal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 51, 218-229.

Jia W., McPherson B., Pan F., Dai Z., and Xiao, T. (2016). Uncertainty Quantification of CO2 Storage Using Bayesian Inference and Polynomial Chaos Expansion. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Conference. June 14-16, 2016, Tysons, VA.

Jia W., McPherson B., Pan F., and Xiao T., (2015) Impact of Three-Phase Relative Permeability and Hysteresis Models on Forecasts of Storage Associated with CO2 -EOR. 2015 AGU Fall Meeting. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. Dec. 14-18, 2015, San Francisco, CA.

Jia W., and McPherson B. (2013). Uncertainty Quantification of Sequestrated CO2 in CCUS project. The 62nd Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Section of AAPG.

Khan R., (2017). Evaluation of the Geologic CO2 Sequestration Potential of the Morrow B Sandstone in the Farnsworth, Texas Hydrocarbon Field using Reactive Transport Modeling. M.S. thesis, Univ of Missouri.

Kumar K., Zorn E., Hammack R., Harbert W., Ampomah W., Balch R., and Garcia L. (2017) Passive seismic monitoring of an active CO2-EOR operation in Farnsworth, Texas. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2017: pp. 2851-2855. https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2017-17684236.1

Kumar K., Chao K., Hammack R., Harbert W., Ampomah W., Balch R., and Garcia L. (2018): Surface-seismic monitoring of an active CO2-EOR operation in the Texas Panhandle using broadband seismometers. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2018, p. 3027-3031.

Moodie N., McPherson B., Mandalaparty P., and Lee S. (2014). Fundamental Analysis of the Impacts Relative Permeability has on CO2 Saturation Distribution and Phase Behavior. Transport in Porous Media (2015) 108: 233.

McPherson B., Jia W., Moodie N., Pan F., and Patil, V. (2015). Impacts of relative permeability on subsurface CO2 mineralization and storage. In Advances in Fossil Energy R and D 2015 - Topical Conference at the 2015 AIChE Annual Meeting. (pp. 276-301). AIChE.

Moodie N., Pan F., Jia W., and McPherson B. (2016). Impacts of relative permeability formulation on forecasts of CO2 phase behavior, phase distribution, and trapping mechanisms in a geologic carbon storage reservoir. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, 00, 1-18.

Pan F., McPherson B., Dai Z., Jia W., Lee S., Ampomah W., and Viswanathan, H. (2016).Uncertainty Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in an Active CO2-EOR Field. InternationalJournal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 51, 18-28.

Pan F., McPherson B., Pan F., Esser R., Xiao T., Appold M.S., Jia W., and Moodie, N., (2016). Forecasting evolution of formation water chemistry and long-term mineral alteration for GCS in a

25

https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2017-17684236.1


typical clastic reservoir of the Southwestern United States. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control (in press), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.07.035.

Rasmussen L., Dewers T., Heath J., Luhmann A., Ampomah W., Cather M., Mozley P., and Grigg R. (2018). Diagenetic controls on reservoir-scale enhanced oil recovery and CO2 storage: A case study of the Morrow Sandstone, Farnsworth Unit, Texas. AAPG Annual Meeting, May 20-23. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Rose-Coss D., Trujillo N., Mozley P., Heath J., Cather and M., (2016). Mudstone Facies, Diagenesis, and Sequence Stratigraphic Interpretation for Caprock Integrity Assessment of the Upper Morrow Shale and Atokan Thirteen Finger Limestone, Farnsworth Unit, Texas. SEPM/AAPG Research Conference on Mudstone Diagenesis, Oct. 16-19, 2016, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.

Ross-Coss D., Ampomah W., Cather M., Balch R.S., Mozley P., and Rasmussen L. (2016). An Improved Approach for Sandstone Reservoir Characterization. SPE Western Regional Meeting, May 23-26, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.

Ross-Coss D., Ampomah W., Hutton A., Balch R.S., Cather M., Grigg R., and Mozley P. (2015). Geologic Characterization for CO2 -EOR Simulation: A Case Study of the Farnsworth Unit, Anadarko Basin, Texas. Search and Discovery (2015). http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2015/80484rosecoss/ndx_rosecoss.pdf.html

Trujillo N., Heath J., Mozley P., Dewers T., and Cather M. (2016). Lithofacies and Diagenetic Controls on Formation-scale Mechanical, Transport, and Sealing Behavior of Caprocks: A Case Study of the Morrow Shale and Thirteen Finger Limestone, Farnsworth Unit, Texas. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, Dec. 12-16, San Francisco, CA.

Walsh M., Jia W., and McPherson B., (2016). Geological CO2 Storage Leakage Detection with Statistical Analysis of Field Data. 2016 AIChE Annual Meeting. November 13-18, 2016, San Francisco, CA.

White M.D., Bacon D.H., White S.K., and Zhang Z.F. (2013). Fully Coupled Well Models for Fluid Injection and Production. Energy Procedia, 37:3960-3970.

White M.D., McPherson B.J., Grigg R.B., Ampomah W., and Appold M.S., (2014).Numerical Simulation of Carbon Dioxide Injection in the Western Section of the Farnsworth Unit. Energy Procedia, 63 (2014) 7891 – 7912, ISSN 1876-6102.

White M.D., Esser R.P., McPherson B.J., Balch R.S., Liu N., Rose P.E., Garcia L., and Ampomah W. (2016) Interpretation of Tracer Experiments on Inverted Five-Spot Well-Patterns within the Western Half of the Farnsworth Unit Oil Field. Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 13 Nov. 14-18, Lausanne, Switzerland.

White M.D., Esser R.P., McPherson B.J., Balch R.S., Liu N., Rose P.E., Garcia L., and Ampomah W. (2017) Interpretation of Tracer Experiments on Inverted Five-Spot Well-Patterns within the Western Half of the Farnsworth Unit Oil Field. Energy Procedia, V. 114, p. 7070-7095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1849

Will R. A., and Balch R.S., (2015). Subsurface Characterization and Seismic Monitoring for the Southwest Partnerships Phase III Demonstration Project at Farnsworth Field, TX. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2015, abstract id. S24A-06.

Wu Z., Luhmann A., Rinehart A., Mozley P., Dewers T., Heath J., and Majumdar B. (2018). Controls of cement texture and composition on sandstone mechanical property changes from reaction with CO2-rich brine. AAPG Annual Meeting, May 20-23. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Wu Z., Luhmann A., Rinehart A., Mozley P., and Dewers T., (2017). Controls of CO2-driven cement dissolution on the mechanical properties of the Morrow B Sandstone at reservoir conditions: Initial experimental observations. 2017 AGU Fall Meeting, Dec. 11-17, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

Xiao T., McPherson B., Pan F., Esser R., and Jia W. (2016). Potential Chemical Impacts of CO2 Leakage on Underground Source of Drinking Water (USDWs) Assessed by Quantitative Risk Analysis. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 50, 305-316.

26

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1849


Xiao T., Dai Z., McPherson B., Viswanathan H., and Jia W. (2017) Reactive transport modeling of arsenic mobilization in shallow groundwater: impacts of CO2 and brine leakage. Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energ. Geo-resour. 3: 339.

Xiao T., McPherson B.J., Esser R.P., Jia W., and Bordelon A., (2016). Reactive transport modeling of CO2-cement-rock interactions at the well-caprock-reservoir interface: a case study of the Farnsworth unit CO2-EOR demonstration. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Conference. June 14-16, 2016, Tysons, VA.

Xiao T., McPherson B., Pan F., and Esser R., (2015). Potential chemical impacts of CO2 leakage on Underground Source of Drinking Water (USDWs) assessed by quantitative risk analysis. 2015 DOE Carbon Storage Meeting. Aug 18-20, 2015, Pittsburgh, PA.

Ziegler A., and Balch R. (2015). Downhole Microseismic Monitoring at a Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Site, Farnsworth Unit, Ochiltree County, Texas. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. Dec. 14-18, 2015, San Francisco, CA.

Ziegler A.; Balch R.S., Knox H.A. Van Wijk J.W., Draelos T., and Peterson M.G., 2016 Automated Sensor Tuning for Seismic Event Detection at a Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Site, Farnsworth Unit, Ochiltree County, Texas. American Geophysical Union, Fall General Assembly 2016, abstract id. S51B-2782.

Wu A., Luhmann A., Rinehart A., Mozley P., Dewers T., Heath J., and Majumdar B. (2018). Controls of Cement Texture and Composition on Sandstone Mechanical Property Changes from Reaction with CO2-Rich Brine: AAPG Annual Convention, May 20-23. Salt Lake City, 2018.

27

DE-FC26-05NT42591 Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration Appendix B: SOPO

APPENDIX B - STATEMENT OF PROJECT OBJECTIVES (SOPO)

A. OBJECTIVESThe primary objective of the Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration (SWP) Phase III effort is to exhibit and evaluate an active commercial-scale carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) operation, and demonstrate associated effective site characterization, monitoring, verification, accounting, and risk assessment. At least 1 million metric tons (tonnes) of CO2 will be injected in an active field undergoing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) during this project. All CO2 is anticipated to be anthropogenic, including fertilizer and ethanol plant sources, which would otherwise be vented to the atmosphere. Much of this injected CO2 will be trapped permanently in the subsurface, and a primary objective is to quantify that stored CO2 and elucidate conditions and characteristics that promote such storage. In sum, this project will contribute to the development of future commercial CCUS projects in the United States by demonstrating all aspects of an actual commercial CCUS field operation, including effective reservoir engineering, monitoring, and simulation technologies.

B. SCOPE OF WORKThe SWP proposes to perform site characterization, simulation, monitoring and continuous tracking of at least 1 million tonnes net total of CO2 injected in the subsurface of an active and expanding enhanced oil recovery operation in Ochiltree County, northern Texas. Injection is already underway by a commercial operator in the Farnsworth Unit (FWU) of the Anadarko Basin, with the primary target reservoir the Pennsylvanian-aged Morrow Sandstone. A particularly important issue is portability or transferability of site-specific results to other sites. The project comprises two budget periods; (1) Budget Period 3 (BP3): Characterization and Active Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA); and (2) Budget Period 4 (BP4): Post-injection Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting. A fifth budget period (BP5) for extended post-injection monitoring may be established if it is deemed necessary to continue to monitor and verify CO2 storage.

The SWP Phase III project includes several key aspects that will be emphasized in the deployment. These include all required permitting and compliance to the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA), meaningful public outreach and education, effective characterization of the site for carbon storage, quantitative monitoring, simulation and risk assessment of injection and storage, effective project assessment (of efficacy) and management, and other activities, as discussed in more detail below.

BP3 shall involve all aspects of the project required to prepare for and conduct project activities that fully characterize the entire site during the CO2 injection phase (up to a minimum 1,000,000s tonnes netCO2). Given that CO2 injection at this site is already ongoing, we shall refer to this budget period as the “injection period.” During the injection period, the SWP shall: 1) perform baseline surface and subsurface characterization using both existing and new data, 2) evaluate and quantify potential risks, 3) assess characterization well sites, 4) design and develop monitoring, verification and accounting (MVA) plans; 5) design, drill, complete, and/or recomplete characterization, production/injection/observation wells; 6) obtain MVA baseline data; 7) inject approximately 190,000 tonnes net CO2 the first year and continue injection at this or higher rate until at least 1,000,000 tonnes net CO2 has been injected (estimated time to be five years and four months); 8) continue surface and subsurface characterization from new data, 9) continue to analyze the sequestration system by computer simulations and evaluate and quantify potential risks, 10) implement monitoring, verification and accounting (MVA) plans; and 11) continue to establish area and regional characterization. Project management, assessment of efficacy, and appropriate reporting will continue throughout this budget period.

BP4 shall involve all aspects of the project required during post-CO2 injection, including CO2 continued site characterization (monitoring, modeling, etc…) and potentially removal of site monitoring equipment (closure of monitoring wells, etc…) and final reports. During the post injection period at least 1,000,000 tonnes of CO2

28


will have been injected and related activities will have been completed. The SWP shall: 1) continue using production facilities and production and injection wells as needed for MVA purposes: 2) continue to monitor CO2 movement, 3) continue simulation analysis and risk assessment; and 4) continue to improve area and regional characterization using additional information obtained from site monitoring and laboratory tests, 5) continue outreach and education activities, 6) continue all project management, assessment of efficacy, and appropriate reporting duties throughout this budget period. Active tasks during Budget Period 4 will be 1, 2, 7 and 8.

C. TASKS TO BE PERFORMED

Task 1.0 – Regional CharacterizationSWP shall continue to develop a detailed assessment of the Region’s geologic carbon storage potential through geological characterization efforts. To accomplish this task, the SWP will continue to engage geologic research teams from the eight states within the partnership region (Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming). In addition, the SWP will work to organize and communicate newly acquired project data through avenues outlined in the subtasks below.

Subtask 1.1 Assessments of CCUS Sites/Regions in the Southwest

The SWP geologic research team will identify potential new CCUS regions within parts of the southwestern United States, specifically for commercial geologic storage site options. The geologic research will evaluate reservoir opportunities that utilize EOR, enhanced gas recovery (EGR), or other commercial uses for CO2; and assist SWP staff in rating and ranking these opportunities based on various attractiveness attributes. Attractiveness attributes could include commercial viability, near-term potential for implementation, risk factors, and other criteria important for evaluation and decision-making regarding the opportunities. The research team could work closely with the partnership sponsors (large CO2 point sources, regulators, non-governmental organizations [NGOs], etc.) to develop maps and cross sections and custom displays specifically tailored to their needs for understanding the CO2 utilization potential near their areas of interest and to assist them in outreach efforts towards deploying this technology.

Subtask 1.2 Communication and Data Sharing

The SWP shall share appropriate non-proprietary GIS data, as well as communicate and collaborate with other Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (RCSP) members through participating in Interpartnership Working Groups. The SWP will warehouse data on the geology of the region, create digital geologic maps using advanced geographic information systems technology, charts, cross sections, capacity calculations, and reports, and share these with stakeholders via interactive websites, like the National Carbon Sequestration Database and Geographic Information System (NATCARB). This data will help refine national carbon storage potential in the online NATCARB viewer. Data will also be used to update NETL’s National Carbon Sequestration Atlas efforts.

Subtask 1.3 Communication with other RCSP members

The RCSPs maintain knowledge sharing through the various technical working groups established by DOE/NETL that include experts from each of the seven RCSPs whose objective is to provide a forum for sharing information and developing uniform approaches for contending with common challenges. The RCSP working groups include but not limited to: (1) Geological and Infrastructure; (2) monitoring, verification, and accounting (MVA); (3) Simulation and Risk Assessment; (4) Capture and Transportation; (5) Geographic Information System (GIS) and Database; (6) Water; and (7) Public Outreach and Education. The SWP shall engage in interpartnership Working Group participation for the groups mentioned above.

29


Subtask 1.4 Continued Assessment of Regional Geologic Potential

SWP shall continue to explore for opportunities to expand the knowledge base concerning the regional geologic potential of the SWP region. This could include but not be limited to acquiring existing seismic lines in areas of interest, piggybacking on new seismic surveys to collect three component geophone data, performing additional analyses on existing core samples, and other analyses of existing geological data from sources within the region. The SWP shall continue to refine regional storage capacity and collaborate with other Partnerships and NETL to refine the methodology and capacity estimates every year of the project. This will include determining the geologic carbon storage potential for candidate formations at the test site and throughout the SW region, to assist in refining capacity estimates for regional formations that are CCUS candidates.

TASK 2.0 - Public Outreach and EducationThe recipient shall continue outreach and educational activities that focus on the local, regional, and national levels, as appropriate. The outreach effort seeks to raise awareness about the large-scale field test projects, regional sequestration opportunities, and provide stakeholders with information relative to CCUS.

Subtask 2.1 Project Outreach Plan

The SWP shall develop and implement an outreach plan emphasizing interaction with local and regional stakeholders associated with the Phase III project. The comprehensive outreach plan will include effective outreach activities including disseminating educational materials, conducting appropriate stakeholder meetings, and presenting results of the project to support project development, permitting, and NEPA compliance.

Subtask 2.2 Project Website

The SWP shall update and expand the SWP website as necessary to include information regarding Phase III activities and the FWU demonstration site as appropriate. The website will be updated periodically with appropriate material developed as part of SWP technical work and outreach and education efforts and other relevant public information, as appropriate.

Subtask 2.3 Stakeholder Outreach

The SWP shall assess public knowledge and understanding of the project and CCUS efforts. The assessment will include holding a community meeting(s) to obtain feedback from stakeholders and conducting surveys to address questions/issues not received during community meetings. SWP shall report findings of this public knowledge and understanding assessment to NETL, and develop plans for more effective outreach and education in response to this assessment.

Subtask 2.4 Collaborate with RCSPs on National Outreach

The Recipient shall collaborate with the RCSP outreach working group as well as other National Outreach efforts as appropriate.

Task 3.0 – Permitting and NEPA compliance The recipient shall ensure that National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requirements are met and that valid federal, state and local permits are obtained. The proposed field test is occurring at ongoing commercial operation (EOR) and it is expected that there will be minimal additional environmental consequences that occur because of Phase III activities. The SWP shall provide assistance, as necessary, to the field operator (CELLC) who is responsible for all state and federal permits.

30


Subtask 3.1 NEPA Compliance

The Recipient shall complete all required environmental questionnaires for the large volume test site summarizing potential environmental impacts of the project. The questionnaires shall be completed based on the available information on the site and general specifications for the project. The SWP shall assist in the development of the Environmental Assessment (or EIS if required) document for the FWU project site and/or other sites as appropriate. The SWP will support the NEPA process by preparing technical and other required information. Because this is an active CO2-EOR site, much, if not all, the site activities may be subject to categorical exclusion (CX).

Subtask 3.2 National Historic Preservation Act

The SWP shall collaborate with NETL in response to National Historic Preservation Act (Section 106) requirements, including application/dialogue with the State Historic Preservation Act and other agencies as necessary.

Subtask 3.3 Site Surveys and Permits

The SWP will conduct all necessary surveys, and obtain all necessary permits and approvals to comply with state and federal requirements. Specific surveys that may be completed if required include, but may not be limited to, the following:

Civil surveys Archaeological surveys Biological surveys

The surveys shall be performed to support the permitting, site development, and NEPA process. The required permits may include, but may not be limited to, the following:

Injection well (UIC Class II) well drilling 3D surface, 3D VSP seismic surveys Monitoring activities (surface gas flux, water sampling).

Subtask 3.4 Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit

The field operator(s) has and shall continue to acquire all UIC permits necessary for CO2- EOR. The SWP may provide support to the operator as needed during their effort to obtain appropriate UIC permits. SWP shall ensure that all necessary permits for the proposed characterization/monitoring wells are obtained.

Subtask 3.5 Site Access and Liability

SWP shall provide documentation of required continuous site access agreements. In addition, The SWP shall document all project liabilities related to the field site. The SWP will confirm that the field operator will assume liability for all field activities/wells involved in the active EOR field.

TASK 4.0 - Site Characterization and PlanningBackground information and existing data will be compiled for purposes of initial characterization and initial baseline observations. This data will be used to help define the initial model, delineate risks, and generate the MVA plan.

Subtask 4.1 Existing Data Gathering and Interpretation

Efforts will include a literature review that collects and catalogues relevant publications including articles, maps, books, and other related material. These will include available seismic and other geophysical, geologic, rock core, water and hydrochemistry data. Geologic structure and features that effect CO2

31


behavior, storage, and monitoring and tracking will be determined from this data. Additionally, samples will be collected to verify/confirm initial characterization assessments. Data from this information will be analyzed to determine where data gaps exist that will require additional characterization efforts (such as 2D seismic) and data will be used as inputs to an initial site model. Any data gaps will be filled through additional characterization efforts performed during subsequent operational periods as described in Tasks 5 and 6.

Subtask 4.2 Characterization/Monitoring Well Locations and Analyses

Background data and characterization information will be used to determine the placement of the proposed new characterization/monitoring wells. It will also be used to determine what tests and analyses will be performed during drilling activities to obtain data needed to adequately characterize the target reservoir and seals. Efforts will include analysis of known and potential penetrations using pre-existing and new core obtained during drilling activities (Task 5). Laboratory testing results shall include but not limited to intrinsic permeability, flow saturations, relative permeability, capillary entry pressure, geomechanical properties, lithologic and geochemical properties. Any data gaps will be filled through additional characterization efforts performed during Task 5.

Subtask 4.3 Initial Reservoir Model Development

The SWP shall develop a 3-D, fully coupled process model of the injection site, including multiphase flow with thermal, mechanical and chemical processes. The comprehensive simulation model will facilitate risk assessment (subtask 4.4) and evaluation of storage capacity, injectivity, CO2 fate and transport, and trapping mechanisms. Simulation models will be based on information obtained from baseline data and newly-collected data from pre-monitoring efforts, including drilling activities, initial seismic surveys and initial sample analyses. The model will be revised during active monitoring operations as discussed in Tasks 6.4 and 8.

Subtask 4.4 Initial Risk Assessment

SWP shall identify and evaluate initial site-specific features, events, and processes for probability of occurrence, including probable severity or extent. The project team will characterize and quantify all risks and risk parameters and provide a high-resolution mitigation plan that will be modified throughout field injection operations and post-closure as discussed in Tasks 6.5 and 8, respectively.

Subtask 4.5 Site Work Plans

The recipient shall develop a set of comprehensive site work plan, consisting of four individual work sub-plans: (1) Site Characterization (2) Monitoring, Verification and Accounting Work Plan, (3) Simulation Work Plan, and (4) Risk Assessment Work Plan. The combination of these three plans will provide the detailed and integrated approach to tracking injected CO2, including quantification of the ultimate fate of CO2 in all parts of the field area of study (e.g., trapping mode, how much CO2 is trapped where, how much is reproduced and re-injected, etc.).

Subtask 4.5.1 Site Characterization Plan

The Recipient shall prepare a work plan for characterizing the geology around the FWU test site. The work plan shall include a geologic assessment of the test site that shall incorporate current knowledge of geologic structure, storage reservoirs, aquifers in the area, and caprock layers, based on existing well data, logs, cores, and regional maps. The assessment will be used as a basis for determination of data gaps and development of plans for conducting advanced geological characterization of the test site. It will also include plans for conducting the seismic surveys (3-D, Vertical Seismic Profile, and/or Cross-well) at the site, location of the wells, and a detailed description of the well drilling, coring, logging, and testing activities. The work plan also shall include a site-specific assessment of health, safety, and environmental protection issues; protocols for site visits; and actions needed to address any

32


contingencies. The work plan shall include input from the host site owners/operators and with regional geologic experts. The key subcontractors shall be identified and a schedule for the field effort shall be included. The work plan also shall address the key regulatory and permitting issues for the site and a design for injection and monitoring phase.

Subtask 4.5.2 MVA Work Plan

MVA activities will be targeted to provide the data necessary to track the location of all CO2 in the study area, including migration, type of trapping, degree of each type of trapping, total amount of trapping and the amount recovered and recycled as part of the ongoing hydrocarbon operations. Additionally, monitoring and associated data will be necessary to facilitate effective simulation and risk assessment, especially risks with respect to the Ogallala formation and any other USDWs, the shallow subsurface, and atmosphere. The MVA work plan shall include monitoring technologies such as geochemical methods; gas chemistry methods; tracer injection chemistry methods; surface soil gas flux measurements; well logs and associated analysis; in-situ sensors for pressure, temperature and chemistry variation through time; surface variations as determined appropriate such as InSar (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar), LiDAR, and/or GPS measurements over time; and repeat seismic surveys. The work plan will specify the frequency and general timetable of all technologies and surveys. The work plan shall document procedures used to determine flow rates (for every production and injection well) covered in the western FWU. Finally, the work plan will specify the verification and accounting process to be used, taking advantage of existing system model software (Velo through PNNL and CO2-PENS through LANL) as well as procedures developed and utilized by the field operator.

Subtask 4.5.3 Simulation Work Plan

Simulation activities are essential for effective risk assessment and for refined (increased resolution of) monitoring, verification and accounting. The work plan will specify the simulation software (programs) to be used for specific simulation requirements, including seismic modeling, reservoir modeling, seal analysis, injectivity analysis, trapping evaluation, risk quantification, and otherwise.

Subtask 4.5.4 Risk Assessment Work Plan

The risk management work plan for the SWP Phase III project will focus on two primary aspects (1) programmatic risks, including resource and management risks that may impede project progress or costs, and (2) sequestration (technical) risks inherent to the scientific and engineering objectives of the project. The risk assessment work plan will be further subdivided into six activities, including our risk management approach, which consists of six primary activities: Risk Management Planning, Risk Identification, Qualitative Risk Analysis, Quantitative Risk Analysis, Risk Response Planning, and Risk Monitoring and Control. The work plan will detail these aspects as well as a general timeline for their application.

TASK 5.0 - Well Drilling and Completion The SWP will utilize existing wells, whenever possible, for monitoring activities (re-work and re-complete existing wells as appropriate), thus minimizing surface disturbance. In addition, The SWP proposes to drill and complete multiple characterization wells for the purposes of collecting geologic data prior to the operational phase of the project. The SWP will complete and submit a fully developed work plan that characterization and monitoring plan (subtask 4.5) which will document (i.e. siting, etc..) the wells necessary for the comprehensive monitoring of the target formations as well as the zones above the injection zone of the formation (i.e. groundwater, vadose zone, surface, etc…).

Subtask 5.1 Characterization Wells

After determination of appropriate sites, the SWP shall design and drill three characterization wells through the Morrow Sandstone. Characterization data gathered from these wells will include detailed geophysical

33


logs (both open hole and cased hole) and rock coring operations on the CO2 storage reservoir and caprock formations. After characterization operations are completed, these wells will be converted to monitoring wells to gather chemical, pressure, and temperature data from the operational phase of the project. In addition, the characterization wells will be instrumented and used for crosswell seismic and VSP.

Subtask 5.1.1 Initial Characterization Well (West FWU 13-10A and/or a site TBD)

The initial characterization well will be drilled in the western portion of the Farnsworth Unit and is expected to be a twin to the existing well 13-10 within the FWU. The well will provide detailed information on the CO2 injection zone (storage reservoir), seals, and other formation to the surface. Cores and logs will be taken from this well, for detailed analysis. The new well will be converted to an injection well by CELLC since it is in the center of a five spot pattern. The well will be designated as 13-10A. The existing well will be converted to a monitoring well by this project (subtask 5.3).

Subtask 5.1.2 Second Characterization Well (West FWU 13-14 and/or a site TBD):

After data is collected, processed, and analyzed from the initial characterization well, the data will be combined with the legacy geologic data collected prior to characterization operations. The combined data will then be used to design, site, and install a second characterization well at the southeastern corner of the five spot pattern centered on 13-10A. Cores and logs will be taken from this well, for detailed analysis.

Subtask 5.1.3 Third Characterization Well (East FWU 32-8 and/or a site TBD)

The SWP proposes to drill a third characterization well in the eastern portion of the FWU, where the effectiveness of secondary EOR operations (water flooding) has been sporadic. Core and geophysical logs will be acquired and analyzed to validate the characteristics of the eastern FWU, in addition to testing this portion of the reservoir for infill possibilities. This well is planned southwest of 32-4 and will be designated as 32-8. The SWP shall complete the characterization of the well/pattern. The Recipient must supply DOE with documentation supporting additional monitoring before proceeding (go/no-go decision). The recipient shall not proceed with additional monitoring without written authority of DOE’s Contracting Officer.

Subtask 5.2 Shallow Monitoring Wells

The SWP near-surface monitoring plans target the vadose zone and shallow groundwater resources. The monitoring plan developed under subtask 4.5 will document the type of groundwater wells in existence and that can contribute to the monitoring program. The monitoring plan will identify the number and depths of any shallow monitoring wells (groundwater, vadose, or deep groundwater) that need to be installed at the FWU. The shallow monitoring wells will be used to facilitate characterization of groundwater resources at the project site, and monitor preferential pathways for CO2 to migrate to the surface. Surface water resources (potable water) will also be tested by the SWP, though it is expected that shallow groundwater monitoring wells will be the primary driver for monitoring operations.

Subtask 5.3 Recompletion/Workover operations

The SWP will utilize existing production wells within the FWU to monitor CO2 within the storage reservoir. In-situ sensors will be installed for monitoring conditions within the Morrow sandstone, including pressure, temperature, and chemical analyses. Samples will be collected from production wells for fluid composition and chemical tracer analysis.

The SWP will install passive seismic sensors in well 13-10 (twin to 13-10A). After the first passive seismic array is in operation and has proven its utility, a second passive seismic array will be used for better signal triangulation. This array will be placed in a plugged and abandoned well, preferably within 0.5 miles of well 13-10. Two existing wells have been identified as likely locations for the deployment of a second passive seismic array; well 13-4 and 13-8. The recipient shall not proceed with a second passive well until initial passive seismic sensors have been demonstrated to be useful. The Recipient must supply

34


DOE with documentation supporting the technical merits of a second passive well and shall not proceed without written authority of DOE’s Contracting Officer (go/no-go decision point).

Task 6.0 – Operational Monitoring and ModelingThe SWP plans to conduct extensive monitoring activities within the FWU during the operational phase of the project. The detailed work plan, developed in subtask 4.5, will be fully implemented during the operating phase of the project. The SWP shall monitor the entire western portion of the FWU in sufficient detail to allow for the characterization of the CO2 in the entire field (storage formation, surface, near-surface and intermediate zones) as well as determination of CO2 mass balances (accounting).

Subtask 6.1 Surface and Near-Surface Monitoring

The SWP will monitor surface conditions at the site throughout the operational phase of the project. Documented pre-operational phase conditions that were established under Task 4 will be utilized to minimize impacts to surface water resources.

The SWP will monitor near-surface and “intermediate zone” formations, especially formations containing underground sources of drinking water (USDWs), with operations tailored to avoid any impacts to these groundwater sources. The SWP plans to identify all USDWs within the FWU operational footprint, their proximity to CO2 sources and storage reservoirs, and use this information to supplement monitoring, simulation, and risk assessment operations.

The SWP will conduct surface soil-gas flux monitoring activities during the operational phase of the project. Background gas behavior will be characterized relative to pertinent environmental fluctuations by measuring concentrations of CO2, CH4, O2, N2, and stable isotopes from fixed locations.

If determined to be appropriate, the SWP will deploy remote sensing platforms (InSAR, LiDAR, and/or GPS) to evaluate surface deformation during the operational phase of the project. LiDAR may also be deployed for gas flux measurement at the surface.

Subtask 6.2 Subsurface Monitoring

The SWP will continue to gather geologic data, including wellbore information, standard and advanced logging and testing, rock core sampling, fluid sampling, and historical data for the purposes of refining subsurface simulations and monitoring operations. The lithologic composition, hydrologic, geomechanical, and geochemical properties of storage reservoir and caprock formations will continue to be evaluated during the operational phase of the project.

Hydrogeochemical methods including pH, alkalinity, major/minor ion, trace elements, stable isotope, and other natural tracer analyses will be conducted during the operational phase of the project.

Gas composition from production operations will be monitored throughout the operational phase of the project to determine deviations from baseline analysis.

The SWP shall design and deploy tracer testing and monitoring that will use inert tracers like perfluorocarbon, naphthalene sulfonate, bromide, short chain alcohols, SF6, or CFCs to provide direct information on CO2 plume migration.

The SWP shall monitor the integrity of wells being utilized during the operational phase of the project, including cement, casing, in-situ, and surface components. Annulus pressure monitoring and cement bond testing will be conducted as necessary.

Subtask 6.3 Seismic Activities

The SWP will conduct seismic surveys to refine the structural geology within the FWU and track fluid flow within the subsurface. These seismic surveys will also be used to further refine other monitoring tasks being conducted in the operational phase of the project. 3D seismic surveys will be designed, conducted,

35


processed, and interpreted as part of operational activities at the FWU. These surveys will refine monitoring operations during the operational phase of the project. 3D-VSP and cross-well seismic surveys will also be conducted during the operational portion of the project in order to assess storage and caprock formation properties, as well as CO2 and fluid migration in the subsurface. As part of the seismic activities, permanent geophone arrays will be installed to monitor initial subsurface conditions and potential microseismic phenomenon as a result of EOR operations.

Subtask 6.4 Reservoir Modeling

The SWP will further develop and refine the 3D, fully coupled process models of the project site (as described by the Simulation Plan, a product of Task 4.5), to continue analysis of multiphase fluid flow coupled to thermal, mechanical, and chemical processes. As described by the SWP Simulation Plan (to be developed as part of Task 4.5), the primary simulation software tools to be used will include Eclipse (Schlumberger) and STOMP (PNNL).

In addition to providing a fundamental basis for risk assessment, a primary objective of this task will be to evaluate the storage capacity of the Morrow sandstone and associated trapping mechanisms. Simulations will demonstrate whether CO2 storage operations will not cause adverse impacts to surrounding formations and whether the displaced fluids as a result of CO2 storage operations will not cause adverse impacts to existing wellbores within the FWU and surrounding areas.

Another primary objective will be to evaluate the fate and transport of CO2 in the subsurface, including several permutations of the expected areal extent of the CO2 plume 100 years after injection by conducting numerical simulations and CO2 plume monitoring operations. Simulation results will be used to refine MVA procedures, as appropriate.


The SWP will conduct risk assessment activities that will be initiated under Task 4.5 (proposed Risk Assessment Work Plan) throughout the project lifecycle. Site-specific features, events, and processes will be identified and evaluated for probability of occurrence, including probable severity or extent. The SWP will quantify all risks and risk parameters, features, events, and processes (FEPs). Probability functions will be developed for the identified FEPs, utilizing Monte Carlo approaches, response surface methodologies, and other methods. The SWP will conduct risk system dynamics analysis utilizing economic risk assessment software, several simulation code packages, and other similar system dynamics analyses. The SWP will continue to develop, review, and refine a high-resolution mitigation plan for the risk parameters and FEPs identified during the risk assessment.

Decision point: documentation of injection of 1 MM tonnes along with a detailed work plan and budget for BP4.

TASK 7.0 – POST-INJECTION PERIOD MONITORING AND RISK ASSESSMENT After the active monitoring of 1 million tonnes of injected CO2 has been achieved, the active phase of MVA ceases with the understanding that the field operator’s injection operations will continue indefinitely. At this point, effort shall be targeted towards monitoring and risk assessment. Characterization tasks shall be limited to those needed to support refinement of modeling, improved estimates of storage security or capacity, and modeling necessary to provide an accurate risk assessment. MVA will continue to verify the CO2 remains in place and ensure that there are no adverse impacts to shallow geology, overlying USDWs, and atmosphere. As during the operational phase, SWP will continue to modify and improve the site characterization, monitoring, and model as new data is obtained.

36


Subtask 7.1 Monitoring

The goal of the Budget Period 4 MVA activities will be a continuation of critical activities necessary to evaluate fluid (CO2, brine and/or hydrocarbons) migration (intended or unintended) at the Farnsworth Unit. These critical activities include quarterly monitoring of USDW groundwater wells, monitoring the surface for CO2 leaks, time-lapse seismic to image CO2 plume, continuous monitoring of microseismicity, downhole sensors to monitor temperature/pressure, and regular updates to fluid injection/production/flare data from the field operator for accounting. Additionally, the MVA program will utilize new or updated activities to provide additional data to other SWP working groups in an attempt to resolve any gaps in understanding of the Farnsworth Unit system.

Subtask 7.1.1 Monitor Surface and Near-Surface

SWP shall continue to monitor surface soil and atmospheric CO2 flux and groundwater chemistry.

7.1.1.1 Sample USDW and Assess Chemistry

Groundwater samples will continue to be collected and analyzed on a quarterly basis to assess potential effects of the EOR or other operations on the Ogallala aquifer in and around the Farnsworth Unit. There are currently ~16 groundwater wells near the Farnsworth Unit that are regularly sampled and analyzed for geochemical markers. The project may consider adding additional USDW sampling wells to the program, especially to the west (regional source of groundwater). Most geochemical indicators of CO2, brine or hydrocarbon leakage from depth have not shown any deviation from baseline values; however, ORP, DIC and bicarbonate alkalinity values are trending away from baseline values. It is unlikely these deviations are caused by leakage or other EOR operations, but these qualities should continue to be evaluated to confirm their source. Updated groundwater chemistry will populate Ogallala aquifer groundwater models to evaluate risk and mitigation options.

7.1.1.2 Monitor Soil-Gas Flux

CO2 soil/surface flux will continue to be collected from installed sampling locations (collars) around the #13-10A well.

7.1.1.3 Monitor CO 2 Surface & Atmospheric Flux

Two eddy covariance towers will be installed at separate locations within the Farnsworth Unit, centered on the #13-10A pattern. Methods and algorithms for rapid evaluation of the CO2 concentration and 3D wind data will be used to identify (the probability of) the direction of any CO2 emission, as well as possible distance.

Subtask 7.1.2 Monitor Subsurface Pressure and Temperature

Temperature and pressure data from several sources will be collected and used for monitoring and modeling, as fluctuations may be caused by several physical and chemical processes during CO2 injection and subsurface fluid movement. Pressure measurements will be used to calibrate history matching and geomechanical models. Vertical thermal profiles through time will be analyzed to try and detect and assess CO2 flow and plume extent. Monitoring for pressure and temperature changes can also be helpful in analyzing wellbore integrity or geomechanical issues. Temperature and pressure data will be obtained from 1) downhole memory P/T gauges in Well #13-10A; 2) newly-installed DTS in Well #13-10; 3) CHDT (Cased Hole Dynamic Tester) logging performed in Well #13-14. Redeployment of the DTS as well as the CHDT logging, while planned for completion in BP3, may extend into BP4.

7.1.2.1 Analyze Downhole Pressure/temperature Data

Pressure and temperature data collected in BP3 and additional data collected from new DTS and P/T gauges will be evaluated for any fluctuations. Changes will be noted and compared against known well and field activities.

37


7.1.2.2 Deploy CHDT

SWP will deploy the CHDT (Cased Hole Dynamic Tester) tool in Well #13-14. Tests include fluid acquisition, repeat logging and/or running additional logs for comparison with pre-CO2 logs, and pressure transient analysis within what is thought to be the highest permeability flow unit as well as a depth within the Morrow B as close to the caprock as may be practical and one above the caprock where there is sufficient porosity.

Subtask 7.1.3 Sample Reservoir Fluids and Assess Tracer Recovery

SWP will continue monitoring the FWU for previously injected (BP3) vapor-phase (PFTs) and aqueous-phase (NPTs) tracer injections to generate complete recovery curves and mass-balance histories. New tracer injections (aqueous-phase) will be conducted to better understand fluid flow patterns and velocities in well patterns where these characteristics are poorly understood. Tracer data from FWU is providing useful data on reservoir fluid migration, within and beyond individual well patterns, including short circuits and other heterogeneities. Tracer data validates existing characterization data (e.g. fault detection via seismic) and provides new information for model/simulation and risk groups. Tracer data coupled with new partition coefficient information obtained from laboratory testing can be useful for determining residual fluid saturations and maximizing EOR efficiency.

7.1.3.1 Inject, Sample and Analyze Aqueous-Phase Tracers

New tracer tests (aqueous-phase) will be used for well patterns that may be affected by faults/fractures that have been identified through previous tracer tests or other methods (e.g. seismic). The USDW and surface will continue to be monitored for leakage of NPTs and PFTs, respectively, from the injection formation. Vapor-phase tracer injections will be conducted only if there is a significantly compelling justification.

7.1.3.2 Evaluate Partition Coefficients Using Laboratory Testing

Partition coefficients of the different aqueous- and vapor-phase tracers will be determined in a laboratory environment that mimics reservoir conditions (pressure, temperature, phase chemistry). Tests will be similar to other reactive transport lab testing, but with the incorporation of a very small, known volume of tracer. High-frequency sampling of the separated phases of the effluent will yield a high-precision volumetric tracer return curve from which retardation factors and partition coefficients can be determined. These values will be used for more accurate field-scale fluid flow and production simulations.

7.1.3.3 Interpret Tracer Data

Old and new vapor- and aqueous-phase tracer recovery data will be comprehensively evaluated using partition coefficients determined in Subtask 7.1.3.2.

Subtask 7.1.4 Additional Geophysical Monitoring

Up to three additional data monitoring tools may be deployed during BP4, with the understanding that deployment is conditional. Implementation will depend on field operator plans, and/or successful initial results of advanced analysis work that is being performed both under this project and as part of a newly-funded DOE project (DE-FE0031864). SWP proposes to collect additional set(s) of geophysical data which may include: 1) an additional vertical seismic profile (VSP) monitor survey at FWU 13-10A; 2) a new cross-well survey between FWU 13-06 and 13-10A; or one centered on a new, deeper well (dependent on operator drilling plans); and /or 3) an additional VSP survey at FWU 32-08.

7.1.4.1 Acquire Time-lapse VSP

An additional repeat VSP survey, centered on Well #13-10A, is proposed to better evaluate location and distribution of CO2 plume. A baseline and three repeat VSP surveys have been conducted around Well #13-10A, the analysis is ongoing. Results have only recently shown some change in fluid

38


saturations (plume movement). Advanced methodologies applied in Subtask 7.1.7 may also allow improved imaging resolution. Based on time-lapse VSP analysis results and injection schedule, a fourth VSP survey could be beneficial in monitoring and understanding the CO2 plume movement. The DTS that is being re-installed into Well #13-10 could be used to acquire walkaway VSP to be compared to data acquired with the geophone array in the same well.

The SWP will monitor ongoing field development and examine the possibility of a VSP survey in the eastern half of FWU. A baseline VSP survey was acquired in well 32-08 during BP 3. If the FWU operator decides to inject a significant quantity of CO2 in this pattern, a time-lapse survey could be conducted to monitor CO2 movement. 7.1.4.2 Acquire Cross-well Tomography

Repeat cross-well surveys are proposed to better evaluate shape and distribution of the CO2 plume. Execution of any survey is strongly dependent field operations. A baseline and repeat cross-well survey have been conducted around well #13-10A. Due to operational limitations, source and receiver tools could not be deployed deep enough to penetrate the reservoir. The Morrow B reservoir near the wellbore was not imaged well enough for interpretation and direct wave tomography could not be implemented to assess difference in first arrivals (difference in velocity) caused by fluid changes within the reservoir. Two options will be evaluated for deployment: 1) repeat a cross-well survey using profile 13 – 10A/13 – 06. In this case, the packers will be removed and pressure control will be implemented. This will allow for source and receiver tool to penetrate the reservoir for better imaging. 2) If the operator were to drill new wells with TD below Morrow B, a baseline cross-well survey could be conducted.

Subtask 7.1.5 Monitor Well Integrity

The SWP will continue to investigate well integrity. The SWP will 1) collect available data on historical wells in the area, 2) collect and analyze fluid samples, pressure tests, and/or sidewall core from FWU 13-10 (possibly also well 13-14); and 3) conduct laboratory experiments to study interactions between well materials and reservoir fluids.

The objectives of the subtask are to establish an inventory of existing wells in the area, identify the main potential leakage mechanism(s) that may cause CO2 leakage during either injection or storage phases, experimentally study the predicted leakage mechanisms, and develop or refine models based on the experimental and physical sampling to estimate leakage rates under different operating conditions. This will inform risk and help to propose solutions, recommendations, or guidelines for future field operations.

7.1.5.1 Inventory Historical Well Information

SWP shall establish an inventory of existing wells in the area with as complete a set of data regarding completions, cement types, vintage and important historical data as may be available. Wells within FWU were completed across a time span of some 50 years. Completion methods and cement types have varied during that time span, and the methods and materials may have variable long-term performance. Data will be used as inputs in modeling and laboratory experiments. To improve the risk and storage assurance assessments, SWP should have as accurate an inventory of this information as is possible.

7.1.5.2 Collect Sidewall Core, Log and Laboratory Test Data from Well

In addition to CHDT testing (subtask 7.1.2.2), the SWP shall obtain sidewall cores in Well #13-14. Cores will be particularly useful for the evaluation of any chemical degradation of cement; based on current design it is uncertain whether any rock material from the surrounding formations will be obtained. Sample locations will be selected to be representative of caprock and formation zones within operational and safety constraints.

39


7.1.5.3 Conduct Lab Experiments to Study Interactions of Well Materials and Reservoir Fluids

The lab analyses of cement and rock formation samples includes: X-ray computed tomography, pore-scale digital reconstructions and pore network modeling; obtain compositional and petrophysical data using techniques such as SEM, thin section petrography, permeability and porosity testing; obtain ultrasonic measurements; obtain fluid saturations on fresh core.

7.1.5.4 Conduct Cement-testing Laboratory Experiments

Using data collected from surrounding wells and during sidewall coring, potential leakage mechanisms will be identified. Well cement and casing material will be investigated in laboratory experiments designed to simulate operating conditions of CO2 injection or storage, to study how the cement, casing, and the bonding between them change under reservoir conditions. In addition, we will examine the mechanisms of the CO2 leakage under these conditions and measure the leakage rate. The measured experimental leakage rate data will be used either to confirm the predictions of existing models of gas leakage, refine them, or develop improved models. Solutions, recommendations, or guidelines will be proposed for abandoned, producing, injecting, and new well construction to maintain wellbore integrity as well as minimize CO2 leakage.

Subtask 7.1.6 Assess Risks of Microseismicity

Three major research topics are proposed in this area: 1) deployment of surface array and monitoring, 2) analysis of existing borehole seismic data, and 3) analysis of newly acquired borehole and surface seismic data Generated microseismic activity can be located and analyzed for failure type, aiding in risk modeling by providing information on how stresses are changing within the reservoir and caprock. The observed microseismic events will be calibrated to the coupled hydro-geomechanical simulation model. Microseismic monitoring can aid in characterizing the stability and storage of the CO2 in the reservoir.

7.1.6.1 Construct and Deploy Data Management System for Microseismic Data

SWP shall deploy a surface seismic array on the western half of the Farnsworth Field. SWP proposes to install up to 20 surface seismic stations to better constrain locations and for focal mechanism inversion for any microseismic activity. The location of these stations will be determined by combining optimal design for data collection with landowner and land use constraints. The seismic equipment will be supplied by IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology) PASSCAL (Portable Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere). The SWP will be responsible for building the seismic station infrastructure including the seismometer vault and housing for the data logging equipment. SWP shall create a data management system using the software package Antelope for both legacy data and new data from the borehole and surface stations. As new data is collected, it will be saved into the database with backup copies archived at NMT. SWP will build a notification system to automatically send notice if an event recorded on the borehole array exceeds a certain threshold. Event categorization and notification are major goals of this project.

7.1.6.2 Analyze and Characterize Microseismic Data

SWP will analyze the legacy microseismic data set collected in BP3. The analysis will include building a database in Antelope, implementing machine learning STA/LTA filter algorithms for finding events, and doing basic event characterization of locations and moment magnitude. The workflow developed for legacy data will be extended to include data collected by the borehole array to be installed in Q4, 2018.

SWP will take the identified microseismic events and extend the adaptive moment-tensor joint inversion of clustered microseismic events from isotropic media to anisotropic media and perform moment-tension inversion. SWP will use recently a developed adaptive moment-tensor joint inversion method for isotropic media, which may significantly reduce uncertainties of moment tensor inversion for microseismic data acquired using a single borehole geophone array. The method will be extended

40


into anisotropic media since the Farnworth reservoir is likely a vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) medium.

Subtask 7.1.7 Continue Analysis of Time Lapse VSP Surveys

Analysis of background and repeat VSP surveys will continue. Advanced analytical techniques, along with the increase in CO2 with elapsed time since baseline should make changes in fluid saturation within the survey area more apparent.

SWP shall conduct 3D traveltime tomographic inversion of down-going waves of all VSP datasets (after data interpolation) using LANL’s adjoint-state first-arrival traveltime tomography with a high-order Lp-norm regularization. Using a new method, first-arrival traveltime tomography is decomposed into two interlacing minimization problems and which are solved using an alternating minimization strategy. These velocity models will be used for joint inversion of time-lapse 3D VSP data for detecting and quantifying changes of geophysical properties in the Farnworth reservoir due to CO2 injection /migration.

Subtask 7.1.8 Conduct Fluid Accounting

SWP will continue to calculate the net CO2 stored versus time as well as oil produced and water injected and recycled.

Subtask 7.2 Refine Site Characterization Data

Efforts proposed under Subtask 7.2 are refinement of existing characterization work, completion of some tasks that were unfinished in BP3, or filling in gaps in information that became apparent as BP3 progressed. The continued refinement of site characterization data will improve the simulation activities, estimation of storage capacity, and ultimately, the assessment of storage risk in the FWU and similar reservoirs.

Subtask 7.2.1 Conduct Fluid/Rock Interaction Studies

Laboratory tests will identify compaction (i.e., volume loss) and subcritical fracture propagation that arise from fluid-rock interaction with either positive or negative feedbacks for porosity (storage capacity), permeability, and injectivity. It is important for simulation of risk to understand the implications associated with mechanical property changes arising from CO2-rich fluid-rock interaction in subsurface environments. Understanding the nature of changes of different hydraulic flow units with exposure to CO2 and brine provides useful information to reservoir modeling tasks. Of special interest is subcritical fracture propagation in the caprock, a process where fractures move through the rock due to chemical processes rather than purely mechanical forcing. These types of fractures are one likely but poorly understood leakage pathway. Together these tests will identify compaction (i.e., volume loss) and subcritical fracture propagation that arise from fluid-rock interaction with either positive or negative feedbacks for porosity (storage capacity), permeability, and injectivity. Simulation also requires accurate measurements of relative permeability, and work in this subtask will continue relative permeability laboratory and analysis work begun in BP3

7.2.1.1 Conduct Rock-fluid Interaction Studies

SWP will conduct two series of experiments involving flow-through setups while injecting CO2-rich brine into cores from the Morrow B Sandstone, expanding on BP3 studies. The experiments will use core samples from different flow units and will be aligned with refined flow unit characterization.

7.2.1.2 Conduct Batch Reactor and Geomechanical Studies

SWP will conduct batch-reactor type experiments to assess coupled chemomechanical changes with longer residence/reaction times, reacting CO2-rich brine with cores from the reservoir (Morrow B Sandstone) and caprock (Morrow Shale and Thirteen Finger Limestone). The experimental series

41


involves double-torsion apparatus stress-corrosion fracture experiments; standard experiments to assess subcritical fracture propagation.

7.2.1.3 Analyze Variability of Three-phase Relative Permeability Measurements

The SWP will complete a series of relative permeability experimental studies and analyses using brine, CO2, and crude oil in Morrow B reservoir rocks that started in BP3. The completed three-phase experimental studies along with the two-phase permeability results collected during BP3 will be analyzed. The analysis will focus in part on the apparent variability in the test results

Subtask 7.2.2 Characterize Flow Units and Geobodies

Although the hydraulic flow unit (HFU) approach has been effective in understanding the reservoir, both the predictive power and application of the HFU approach could be improved by understanding the correlation between HFU, lithofacies, and depositional element/position within the sedimentary depositional system. The SWP will reexamine the causes for differing porosity/permeability between similar lithologies in eastern and western portions of the field, which have never been fully explained. Also, the work may help in interpreting features that have been noted in the 3D seismic volumes and characterized as either fault or fault-like features, lithofacies changes, or both.

7.2.2.1 Correlate HFUs to Existing Depositional Model

SWP shall use existing characterization data (thin section analyses, core description, well logs, geomechanical testing, and depositional models) to attempt a rigorous correlation of HFU to lithofacies, depositional elements, and position within the sedimentary depositional system.

7.2.2.2 Build 3D Reservoir Scale Predictive Model

If robust correlations can be established between HFU and lithofacies, SWP shall use these to build a reservoir-scale predictive model. Any observed correlation between HFU and elastic properties from seismic inversion will also be included in the model.

7.2.2.3 Upscale general findings of reservoir scale work to basin-scale storage capacity

Generalization of the workflow used in 7.2.3.1 and 7.2.3.2 will be applied to investigate applicability to prediction of volume and 3D distribution of HFUs within other fluvio-deltaic reservoirs that are relatively data-poor compared to the Farnsworth Morrow B.

Subtask 7.2.3 Conduct Swelling Study of FWU Crude Oil

The SWP shall perform laboratory investigations of the effects of CO2 on the expansion of FWU crude oil. The laboratory investigation will add additional data to the calibration of fluid analyses to the equation of state (EOS) and modeling phase behavior. In addition, the swelling study will support the analyses of the time-lapse seismic monitoring.

Subtask 7.2.4 Refine interpretations of existing seismic data

A substantial amount of seismic data has been collected at FWU. The seismic data has been analyzed, but there is more information to be gleaned from it through improved or alternate methods of analysis. Some of this information has only recently become available for use (e.g., reprocessed 3D seismic data), or has been difficult to deal with so its utilization has been delayed (e.g., cross-well data). The advanced processing and analytical techniques proposed may help to shed light on some critical questions including reservoir architecture, caprock integrity, and the presence and vertical/lateral extent of faults, fracture networks, or other features that might affect fluid behavior in either caprock or seal.

7.2.4.1 Perform Pre-stack Inversion of Reprocessed Seismic Data

SWP will perform an elastic inversion on the reprocessed 3D surface seismic data set.

42


7.2.4.2 Conduct Cross-well Numerical Modeling, Imaging, and Caprock Integrity Analysis

The SWP will conduct numerical modeling and imaging of elastic waves using the same configuration of the cross-well survey (contingent on additional cross-well surveys) at the Farnsworth field. SWP will conduct numerical modeling and imaging of synthetic seismic data using the same configuration of the cross-well survey at the Farnsworth field. This study will evaluate the value of the repeat cross-well survey, and assess the potential to detect possible caprock leakage using time-lapse cross-well seismic data.

Subtask 7.3 Refine Geologic and Reservoir Models

The geologic and reservoir numerical models initially developed during BP3 will be improved by incorporating new data and/or improved analyses. Results from the work in Task 7.2 will be included to add accuracy to much of the modeling work. For example, rock-fluid interaction studies to date have demonstrated that different lithofacies in the Morrow B will react differently to CO2. Combining the completed work with chemomechanical and hydraulic flow unit analyses in Subtask 7.2.1 and 7.2.2 will create a more accurate model not only of distribution of flow units, but of their behavior under reservoir conditions. In turn, this can be used to better constrain models used for dynamic reservoir modeling, geomechanical modeling, and risk analysis.

Subtask 7.3.1 Refine Geologic Model

The SWP will continually refine the FWU geological model. The data to be incorporated will include that interpreted from wireline logs and reprocessed 3D seismic data (fault, fracture features, updated hydraulic flow units), more sophisticated chemical and geomechanical modeling, and information gleaned from the microseismic analysis. Available geological, geophysical, and geomechanical data will be integrated to generate a new static geomodel based on the reprocessed 3D surface seismic data.

Subtask 7.3.2 Update Reservoir Model

SWP will assign relative permeability curves as a function of the hydraulic flow units delineated within the reservoir. Initially, the SWP will utilize a small model within the 13-10A pattern to correct potential convergence issues and curve smoothing before extending it to the entire west half of the FWU.

Subtask 7.3.3 Resolve Low-Grade Faults via Modeling

The behavior of fluid flow and solute transport across and along faults and fault-like features will be investigated using an embedded fracture or fault zone modeling approach. Features are believed to be low-grade in terms of regional-scale but may be important to the local reservoir characterization.

Subtask 7.3.4 Relative Permeability Analysis

SWP will investigate whether the transition in relative permeability models that are currently employed in numerical simulations could be replaced with a single relative permeability model that included mixed wettability formulations. Additionally, SWP will develop a relative permeability model that incorporates a wettability range based upon a previously developed non-empirical model for modeling gas hydrate systems. The two newly developed permeability models will be incorporated into the STOMP-EOR simulator for evaluation of its efficacy in three-phase systems.

Subtask 7.3.5 Reactive Transport Modeling

Reactive transport modeling will be used to evaluate the effect of cement dissolution on storage integrity, and the effect of any dissolved organic constituents on reaction networks.

7.3.5.1 Evaluate Impact of Cement Dissolution

SWP will evaluate numerically the impact of possible geomechanical alterations and long-term pressure decays that may occur after the unit is depleted. Results from early studies suggest the

43


potential for dissolution of the carbonate and other minerals that serve as cements. These results will be further evaluated for impact on storage capacity and integrity.

7.3.5.2 Assess Geochemical Reaction Networks with Organic Constituents/species

SWP shall investigate the impact of dissolved organic constituents on the reaction network in numerical simulators. This work will require developing new equilibrium and kinetic reaction networks that considered dissolved organic constituents, in addition to CO2, and then simulating the dissolution and precipitation of minerals during over the storage life of the Farnsworth Unit.

Subtask 7.3.6 Conduct Dynamic Reservoir Modeling

The SWP will conduct dynamic reservoir modeling, with efforts towards resolving model uncertainties and improving CO2 plume detection and quantification of extent.

7.3.6.1 Calibrate History Matching with VSP Displacement Fields and Tracer Data

SWP will construct a workflow that includes tracer and seismic responses such as VSP displacement fields and NRMS – into the history matching workflow using MEPO.

7.3.6.2 Conduct Co-Optimization and Life Cycle Analysis of CO 2 Storage and Oil Recovery

SWP will formulate a multi-objective function incorporating oil recovery, CO2 storage, and economic components. The SWP will develop a strategy to co-optimize oil recovery and CO2 storage. In addition, the analysis will be extended to include a life cycle analysis of the entire CCUS process.

7.3.6.3 Forecast CO 2 Storage and Oil Recovery

SWP shall continue to forecast CO2 storage and oil recovery using updated history-matching models.

7.3.6.4 Evaluate the potential for Conventional CO 2 Storage in the Depleted Farnsworth Unit

SWP shall investigate the increased CO2 storage potential that could be realized within Farnsworth Unit if the field were to continue CO2 injection after oil production has ceased. Current simulations have assumed operation as a producing oil field. Simulations will be executed that consider further CO 2

injection solely for the purpose of CO2 storage.

7.3.6.5 Conduct Code Comparison Study for EOR Reservoir Simulators with Geochemistry and Geomechanics

SWP will follow the steps of previous international code comparison studies and comparatively evaluate scientific and commercial codes with capabilities for enhanced oil recovery with scCO2

injection and long-term CO2 storage. The current domain has largely been dominated by commercial products, but the need for scientific simulators has spurred the development of a new generation of compositional simulators. During SWP’s BP3I work, the STOMP-EOR simulator was developed, specifically as an open-source scientific tool, for investigating enhanced oil recovery.

Subtask 7.3.7 Fluid Characterization, Rock Physics, and Fluid Substitution Modeling

Efforts to reconcile reservoir simulation output with time-lapse VSP attributes at FWU through fluid substitution modeling using coarse scale in-situ fluid distribution and approximations for fluid thermophysical properties have met with only limited success. While the industry standard compositional simulator used at FWU approximates “miscible contact miscibility” to an extent adequate for most reservoir engineering, seismic monitoring places more stringent demands on representation of both the reservoir fabric and the thermophysical properties of fluids, which dictate elastic response. Furthermore, fluid distributions in WAG systems are made more complex by the cyclic introduction of water into a heterogeneous reservoir rock saturated with fluid of indeterminate mobility. A more comprehensive fluid analysis as well as rock physics modeling will be conducted to reconcile differences between time-lapse response and reservoir models. The SWP characterization team will perform detailed fluid substitution

44


modeling using methods and models that more accurately represent fluid thermophysical properties of realistic in-situ CO2-hydrocarbon mixtures, realistic macro-scale fluid phase distributions in WAG systems, and fine scale reservoir heterogeneity.

7.3.7.1 Conduct Fluid Phase and Equation of State Modeling

Accurate description of fluid phase behavior is essential for accurate fluid substitution computations. An equation of state (EOS) for the Farnsworth fluid will be developed using the NIST thermophysical property database along with laboratory analysis of reservoir fluids acquired as part of BP4. The resulting EOS will be used to predict fluid thermophysical properties used for fluid substitution modeling in task 7.3.7.2.

7.3.7.2 Conduct Fluid Substitution Modeling

Geophysical logs and the EOS model developed in task 7.3.7.1 will be used to develop a representative rock physics model for FWU. Fluid substitution analyses will be performed using PETREL’s rock physics and Reservoir Elastic Modeling (REM) features. The REM feature allows fluid substitution computations to be performed directly on reservoir simulator (Eclipse) output. A series of control models will be used to perform detailed investigation of time-lapse elastic-seismic responses from realistic WAG EOR scenarios leading to an assessment of seismic monitoring detection criteria.

Subtask 7.3.8 Analyze Production, Pressure and Rate Transient Data

SWP shall use field production and tubing head pressure from the FWU to analyze oil production and CO 2

storage potential using analytical production tools. The goal is to develop a more robust analytical approach that can be used to complement forecasting from simulation and/or optimization workflows, resulting in an improved approach compared to what is been employed in the industry.


SWP Risk Assessment efforts during BP4 will focus especially on continued quantitative risk assessment of top-ranked risk elements. Supporting these quantitative risk assessment tasks, BP4 risk assessment includes additional tasks to formalize the linkage between qualitative and quantitative risk assessment, as well as to update risk prevention and mitigation plans. A critical emphasis within all aspects of Risk Assessment during Budget Period 4 will be Risk Communication. Specifically, SWP shall focus on technology transfer of Risk Assessment results that are tailored for key stakeholders, and on expression of results in the context of Programmatic Goals of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Carbon Storage program.

Task 7.4 includes three subtasks, including 7.4.1 Risk Quantification, 7.4.2 Risk Communication, and 7.4.3 Update and Formalize Risk Mitigation Plan.

Subtask 7.4.1 Quantify Risk

The SWP will continue conducting quantitative risk assessment for a variety of aspects of CO 2 storage at FWU. These include: geomechanical risks (for example, seal deformation and other caprock integrity risks), brine and CO2 leakage potential, potential chemical impacts of such leakage, comparison of the relative risks or probabilities of leakage during CO2-EOR to deep saline CO2 storage, uncertainty reduction, effects of model upscaling, and geochemical storage capacity loss.

7.4.1.1 Quantify Geomechanical Risk and Uncertainty

SWP shall quantify risk and uncertainty of deformation (geomechanical) processes using geomechanically-based direct simulation of caprock failure due to CO2 injection. A multi-laminate model will be used to create localized fractures. A new uncertainty analysis utilizing reduced order

45


models (ROMs) based on the response surface method or similar, will include a sensitivity analysis of geomechanical properties and provide quantitative estimation of maximum sustainable overpressure.

7.4.1.2 Extend Quantitative Brine and CO 2 Leakage Calculations

SWP shall extend quantitative brine and CO2 leakage calculations at the Farnsworth site to include reduced order models of saturation and pressure. This will be the primary NRAP-based task of BP 4.

7.4.1.3 Compare leakage risk between CO 2-EOR and CO2-storage-only scenarios

SWP will compare the leakage risk for Farnsworth in its current EOR operations to risks if it had been developed as a greenfield, CO2-storage-only site. NRAP tools will be used.

7.4.1.4 Incorporate Additional Characterization Data for Uncertainty Reduction

SWP shall update risk/uncertainty analyses with refined control parameters/boundary conditions to improve the accuracy of analyses and associated results.

7.4.1.5 Quantify Risk of CO 2 Intrusion into Overlying Sealing Formations

SWP shall develop a series of reactive transport and groundwater models with the FWU geological model and Ogallala aquifer model, respectively, at different locations (near the injection well, near the fault area, etc.) and assess caprock integrity, impact of the caprock heterogeneity, and groundwater quality.

7.4.1.6 Quantify Impact of Model Upscaling on Estimating CO 2 Storage

SWP shall quantify the impact of upscaling on numerical simulations of CO2 storage predictions. Low-resolution coarser models will be developed via upscaling techniques based on high-resolution models that are derived from geological model. Both high- and low- resolution reservoir models will be used to predict CO2 storage and pressure distribution, which will be compared to evaluate the impact of model resolution and quantify uncertainty associated with model upscaling.

7.4.1.7 Quantify Storage Capacity Loss and Estimate Associated Risk at Farnsworth

SWP will add reactive transport to the current FWU reservoir model and then quantify storage capacity loss using a probabilistic (Bayesian) approach. The current FWU model will be converted to a different format that will be recognized by a commercial simulator capable of combined oil- CO2-brine multiphase flow with chemical reactions (CMG-GEM simulator). Mineral compositions and possible geochemical reactions at FWU will be included in the new model, which will be capable of simulating coupled multiphase flow and geochemical processes. The new model will be used to evaluate porosity and permeability changes at FWU, and thus quantify storage capacity change.

Subtask 7.4.2 Risk Communication

Risk communication includes formalizing the links between the various qualitative and quantitative risk assessments performed at FWU and then conveying those risks to stakeholders. High-risk elements identified during risk workshops will be subjected to scenario modeling to define the pathways by which risk targets would by impacted, thereby specifying the quantities that could be usefully constrained through modeling. SWP shall develop a basis for evaluating risk status before and after modeling work. SWP shall communicate those risks to stakeholders within the context of DOE project objectives.

Subtask 7.4.3 Update and Formalize Risk Mitigation Plan

SWP shall continue to review and update the prevention and mitigation plan for the risk elements and FEPs.

46


Task 8.0 Project ManagementThe SWP project management activities include project administration, project oversight and coordination, and reporting. In order to effectively manage the project resources the SWP will continually evaluate the status of the budget as well as the project structure.

Subtask 8.1 Project Management Plan

The Recipient shall manage and direct the project in accordance with a Project Management Plan to meet all technical, schedule and budget objectives and requirements. The Recipient shall coordinate activities to effectively accomplish the work. The Recipient shall ensure that project plans, results, and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing requirements are satisfied.

The Recipient shall update the Project Management Plan as necessary to accurately reflect current status of the project. Examples of when it may be appropriate to update the Project Management Plan include: (a) project management policy and procedural changes; (b) changes to the technical, cost, and/or schedule baseline for the project; (c) significant changes in scope, methods, or approaches; or, (d) as otherwise required to ensure that the plan is the appropriate governing document for the work required to accomplish the project objectives.

Subtask 8.2 Project Planning and Reporting

Management of project shall occur in accordance with methodology delineated in the Project Management Plan to identify, assess, monitor and mitigate technical uncertainties as well as schedule, budgetary and environmental risks associated with all aspects of the project. The results and status of the management process shall be presented during project reviews and in Progress Reports with emphasis placed on the medium- and high-risk items.

Subtask 8.3 SWP Project Meetings

The PIs and project team members will participate in biweekly, monthly, quarterly, and annual meetings, as appropriate. The meeting participants may include the entire project team (PI, lead investigators, research assistants, etc.) or subgroups as needed. Working Group Meetings (teleconference, etc.) shall be conducted regularly to exchange information and establish responsibilities and report findings. Periodic meetings will be conducted for all project participants including a project kickoff to establish project goals and responsibilities and follow-up annual periodic meetings to ensure project goals are being met as proposed.

Subtask 8.4 Data Submission to the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Energy Data eXchange (EDX). The Recipient will work with the responsible DOE program staff annually to assess if other data should be submitted to EDX and identify the proper file formats prior to submission. Select data generated by this project will be submitted to EDX, including but not limited to 1) data sets and files, 2) metadata, 3) software/tools, and 4) articles developed as part of this project.

D. DELIVERABLES Periodic, topical, and final reports shall be submitted in accordance with the “Federal Assistance Reporting Checklist” (See Section VI C) and the instructions accompany the checklist.The following is a listing of the major tasks and subtasks of the SWP Phase III project, and associated deliverables. All Budget Period 4 deliverables are due at the end of that budget period.

Budget Period 4:

Task 7 Post-Closure Monitoring and Risk Assessment Topical Report: Summary report of post-closure monitoring, methods and results for the Farnsworth

CCUS Site. This report will be submitted at the completion of Subtask 7.1.47


Topical Report: Summary report of the microseismic results and interpretation for the Farnsworth CCUS Site. This report will be submitted at the completion of Subtask 7.1.5.

Topical Report: Summary report of focused characterization analyses of the Farnsworth CCUS Site. This report will be submitted at the completion of Subtask 7.2.

Topical Report: Summary report of model refinement for the Farnsworth CCUS Site. This report will be submitted at the completion of Subtask 7.3.

Topical Report: Summary report of risk quantification methods, results and interpretation for the Farnsworth CCUS Site. This report will be submitted at the completion of Subtask 7.4.1.

Topical Report: Summary report of risk communication for the Farnsworth CCUS Site. This Topical Report will include the BP4 risk communication plan, deployment of said plan, and results of those risk communication efforts against planned metrics. This report will be submitted at the completion of Subtask 7.4.2.

Task 8 Project Management Data Submitted to NETL EDX. Data generated as a result of this project shall be submitted to NETL for inclusion in the NETL EDX (energy data eXchange), https://edx.netl.doe.gov/. The Recipient will work with the DOE Project Officer to assess if there are data that should be submitted to EDX and identify the proper file formats prior to submission. All final data generated by this project shall be submitted to EDX including, but not limited to, 1) data sets and files, 2) metadata, 3) software/ tools, and 4) articles developed as part of this project.

Project Management Plan: The partnership will need to submit to DOE a revised project management plan that describes the effort planned to complete site monitoring, refinement of characterization and models, and the risk assessment. Project management plan will follow current DOE requirements and include a plan to report monthly cost values for the project and management of the project activities and risk associated with the project.

Annual Project Assessment: The partnership will provide an annual project assessment at the project review meeting in Pittsburgh, commenting on operations of the site, results of the studies and progress towards meeting project goals.

Project Management Plan: The recipients shall submit a project management plan to DOE for all Budget Period 4 activities in accordance with the template provided herein. This should include a plan to report monthly cost values for the project and management of the project activities and risk associated with the project.

48


E. BRIEFINGS/TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS The SWP shall prepare detailed briefings for presentation to the Project Officer at the Project Officer’s facility located in Pittsburgh, PA or Morgantown, WV. Briefings shall be given by the Recipient to explain the plans, progress, and results of the technical effort. The Recipient shall make presentations to the NETL Project Officer/Manager at a project kickoff meeting, annual briefings, and a final project briefing. The number of annual briefings will depend upon the project duration.

The SWP shall also provide and present a technical paper(s) at the DOE/NETL Annual Contractor's Review Meeting to be held at the NETL facility located in Pittsburgh, PA or Morgantown, WV, and if appropriate additional technical conference(s) each year, as approved by the NETL Project Officer/Manager.

49

1. request · web viewgeneralization of the workflow used in 7.2.3.1 and 7.2.3.2 will be applied to...

Documents