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SCO Java and Web Services Roadmap

Jonathan Schilling, SCO Engineering

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Topics and Agenda

What is JavaJava 2 Standard Edition

Java 1.4.2

Java 2 Enterprise Editionsolutions for SCO platforms

Java Serial and Parallel I/O SupportJava Desktop Technologies

Web ServicesFor Java and for other languages

What is Java ? (First Things)

A languageobject-oriented, concurrent,

distributed, self-aware

A portable runtime environmentsimilar to an OS but platform-independent

A set of APIs covering the breadth of an OSA set of APIs enabling application layersA good base for web servicesA development environment

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The State of Java

Dominant technology for modern programmingPortabilityEnterpriseServer-sideMiddlewareWeb services

Also used as client GUI or as browser plug-inGuided by Sun, built by whole industry

Java Community Process governs evolution

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The Microsoft .NET Challenge

Does have interesting and useful technologyImitates Java in several respects

C# language similar to JavaCIL intermediate form similar to Java bytecodeCommon Language Runtime similar to JVM… but Java now imitating .NET in a few places

Suffers from vendor and platform lock-inNewer, less matureMicrosoft now collaborating with Sun and IBM …

Although Ballmer says interop progress has slowed

Mono .NET implementation is scheduled for SCO “Fusion”

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SCO’s Java Involvement

SCO was a member of the Java Community Process (JCP) Executive Committee

voted on “JSRs” that define/evolve Java standardpromote adoption/growth of the Java technology2000 - 2004

SCO is a Sun Java source code licensee

since 1996basis of SCO UNIX J2SE

http://www.sco.com/java/

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The Pieces of Java

J2EEJ2EEWeb Services

Web Services

J2SEJ2SEDevelopmentTools

DevelopmentTools

Specialty APIs:javax.comm

Specialty APIs:javax.comm

Desktop:Plug-in,

WebStart

Desktop:Plug-in,

WebStart

What is Java 2 Standard Edition?

The central core of Java; provided with OSIncludes the following execution pieces:

Java Virtual Machine (JVM) the underlying execution engine

transparent runtime compilers for performance “just-in-time” or “dynamic” or “adaptive”

basic API libraries:language support, utilities, math, I/Oapplets, AWT, JFC/Swing, 2D, images, medianetworking, compression, and security

distributed/component programming core:XML, RMI, Java Beans; parts of JDBC, JNDI, CORBA

various commandskeytool, rmic, rmiregistry, serialver, native2ascii, idlj, etc.

a/k/a the Java Runtime Environment (JRE)

What is Java 2 SE (cont’d)?

Includes the following (command-line) development pieces:javac source-to-bytecode compiler,jdb command-line debugger,javah header/stub generator for native method support javap bytecode disassembler,javadoc documentation formatter,jar archiving tool,appletviewer browser for applet testinga/k/a Java Software Development Kit (JDK, SDK)

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SCO UNIX Java Release History

JDK 1.1

May 1997 J2SE 1.2.2 Mar 2000

JDK 1.1.3 Mar 1998 J2SE 1.3.0_02

Jun 2001

JDK 1.1.3u Jun 1998

J2SE 1.3.1_04

Dec 2002

JDK 1.1.3w

Feb 1999

J2SE 1.3.1_16 Jul 2005 (latest)

JDK 1.1.7A Mar 1999 J2SE 1.4.2_03 May 2004

JDK 1.1.7B Oct 1999 J2SE 1.4.2_08 Jul 2005 (latest)

JDK 1.1.8 Dec 2000

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J2SE 1.4.2 for SCO UNIX Platform Support

SCO OpenServer 6.0.0

UnixWare 7.1.4

UnixWare 7.1.3 Update Pack 4essentially equivalent to UW 7.1.4

SCO OpenServer 5.0.7 MP3 [UP3/SuppCD3]requires OSRcompat v. 8.0.2 or higheruses new user-space OSR5 UDK threads library

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J2SE 1.3.1 for SCO UNIX Platform Support

Unixware 7.1.4UnixWare 7.1.3UnixWare 7.1.2 (a/k/a Open UNIX 8)

requires Maintenance Pack 3 (ou800m3) or higher

UnixWare 7.1.1requires Maintenance Pack 1 (uw711pk1) or higher

requires libc, libm, libC, libthread 8.0.0 or higher

SCO OpenServer 5.0.7requires OSRcompat 8.0.1 or higher

SCO OpenServer 5.0.6requires OSRcompat 8.0.1 or higherrequires OSS643A

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J2SE 1.4.2 for SCO UNIX Packages

Package j2jre142 runtime support

Package j2sdk142developer support, demos

Package j2plg142Java Plug-in support for Mozilla browser

All of above installed by defaultinstall from download site for later patch releasespkgadd format for UW7, custom format for OSR5 and

OSR6

/usr/java/ReleaseNotes.html is release docgo to http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/ for all Sun doc

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Java Virtual Machines

“HotSpot” (1.4.2)the newer VM technology from Sunnow well-exercised toodynamic, adaptivere-engineered for better performance, maintainabilitynative threads only

“Classic VM” (1.3.1)the original VM from Sunwell-exercised code basegreen threads or native threadsperformance can be improved with a JIT

What Java Runtime Compilers Do

Make Java run faster

In background, compile bytecodes of methods into native IA-32 machine code

On subsequent invocations of method, machine code is executed instead of bytecode being re-interpreted

Compilation is done while the application or applet is running hence “runtime” or “just-in-time” (JIT) in name

an execution component, not development!

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Different Java Runtime Compilers

Classic VM “sunwjit” JIT (1.3.1)

enhanced by SCOJIT heuristics

faster start-up for GUI and other apps

http://www.sco.com/developers/java/news/jit-heur.pdf

HotSpot “client” compiler (1.4.2)

for short-, medium-lived appsfor fast start-up time, then good performancethe default

HotSpot “server” compiler (1.4.2)

maximal performance for long-running applicationslonger time to start upjava -server [… ]

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Java Threads Models

“green threads”: Java Virtual Machine does its own multithreading and context switching; all Java threads operate within one OS thread

Java 1.3.1 OSR5many limitations

“native threads”: JVM maps Java threads, operations 1-to-1 onto OS threads

Java 1.3.1 UW7works ok but can be slow

HotSpot “native threads”: JVM optimizes mapping of Java threads and operations onto OS threads

e.g. Java synchronizations only rarely become OS mutex_lock callsJava 1.4.2 UW7 & OSR6

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Native Threads on OpenServer 5 !?

SCO OpenServer 5 UDK threads library

UW7 libthread ported to OSR5 under UDK“available LWPs always equals one” modelrequired for Java 1.4.2

“green threads” are gone

also use for UDK C/C++ apps

SCO OpenServer 5 ABI threads library?

no, this is UDK onlynot needed for Java

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SCO Java 1.4.2 vs. 1.3.1 Benchmark Results

SPEC JVM98 -s10 (medium-sized clients)

Java 1.4.2 is 38% faster than Java 1.3.1 on UW7… 26% faster on OSR5

SPEC JVM98 -s100 (large-sized clients)

Java 1.4.2 is 63% faster than Java 1.3.1 on UW7… 60% faster on OSR5UW7 and OSR5 roughly comparable on JVM98

SPEC JBB2000 (large three-tier server app):

Java 1.4.2 is 685% [6.8x] faster than 1.3.1 on UW7!!

using “server compiler” really shows effect of runtime compilation and threads optimizations

No such figure on OSR5 green threads hangs on 1.3.1

UW7 much faster than OSR5 for Java 1.4.2

benchmark needs kernel threads to do well

OSR6 results similar to UW7

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The moral is …

If you’re using Java on an older OSR5

Upgrade to OSR6!If you’re using Java on an older UW7

Upgrade to UW7.1.4!Java 1.4.2 will not be backported to earlier releasesJava 1.5 will not be made available on back releases

Java as a First-class Executable

UnixWare 7.1.x, OpenServer 6 featureWhen javac is used to compile one or more classes that contain

main methods, the execute bit will be set on the resultant .class files

Then do a link: $ ln -s foo.class foo Now you can now execute a Java program named foo as follows:

$ foo

The class foo must both be in $PATH (like any other executable) and in $CLASSPATH (like any other class)

Purpose: Can now write utilities in Java without users knowing it

Native Methods

Allows Java to call C or C++ or vice versa

Must use UDK Not OSR5 Dev SysNot OSR5 GCCNot OSR6 –Kosr modeUW7 gcc okUW7 g++ not advised

JNI, JNI Invocation both supported

/usr/java/demos/native/ for commands to use

don’t guess at it!

Use debug(1) to debug; see Release Notes

Use native methods sparingly

today, most Java apps are 100% Java!

Java 1.3.1 on OSR5: green threads I/O wrapping can cause troubles

Conformance

SCO Java 2 SE implementations make no API extensions or subsets compared to the Sun/JCP baseline

SCO Java 2 SE implementations pass the latest applicable Sun/JCP Java Compatibility Kit (JCK/TCK) test suites

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J2EE — “Enterprise Edition”

a/k/a “Java app server”The Java middleware standard for serversFor many end user app builders and ISVs, this is what you program toMany vendorsTypically not provided by OS

is this changing?

JDBC (Database)Enterprise Java BeansJavaServer PagesServletsWeb Services, XMLJNDI (Naming & Directory)CORBAJava Message ServiceTransactionsand much more

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J2EE Vendors

ProprietaryBEA WebLogicIBM WebSpherePramativarious others

Open SourceJboss – most mindshare of open source implementations

Sun Java System Application Server – recently open sourced

Apache Geronimo – recently completed cert milestone

ObjectWeb JOnAS – from French consortium

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J2EE on SCO UNIX

“Enterprise” features not just for “Enterprises”useful for SMB and replicated sites too

BEA WebLogic Server 8.1BEA’s most recent releasecertified for native UnixWare 7.1.4 and Java 1.4.2!

Jboss open source implementation Just download it and run, no porting necessaryUW7 users report good success with it …Will be packaged for UW 7.1.4 mp3 (Nov 2005), OSR6 mp2

(Dec)

Don’t always need the whole enchilada!for just servlets & JSP, use Tomcat 4.1.31 packageJDBC usually comes from database vendorfor SOAP/XML web services, see later on …

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Java Serial and Parallel I/O Support

javax.comm API is an extension to Java RS-232 based serial I/OIEEE 1284 based parallel I/O

Available on OSR 5.0.7, OSR6 mp1, and UW 7.1.4based on RXTX open source implementationa good number of users on OSR5see /usr/java/javax.comm-ReleaseNotes.html for

guidelines on how to use

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Java Serial and Parallel I/O Support

Parallel I/O guidelinessupports basic printingstatus APIs not supported

isPaperOut, isPrinterBusy, isPrinterError, etc.

USB support?full-blown USB support is a different API

javax.usb (JSR 80)

but behave-like-serial will work with javax.commmay depend on the actual driversuccess stories on OSR5

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Java Desktop Technologies

Java Plug-inAllows modern Mozilla 1.2.1 through 1.7.x browsers on

OSR5.0.7, OSR6 & UW7.1.4 to use SCO J2SE 1.4.2 implementation

no alternative! Mozilla doesn’t have an internal JVM

Allows old Netscape 4.x browsers on OSR5 & UW7 to use SCO J2SE 1.3.1 implementation

big improvement over out-of-date, broken Netscape internal JVM

Java Web StartLaunch application (not applet) from desktop or

browser

Insufficient market demand so far

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SCO Java Futures

Java 1.4.2_xx and 1.3.1_xxupdates with Sun patch levels (usually security fixes)

Java 1.5 (now renamed by Sun to Java 5.0)language changes: generics, autoboxing, for loops,

enums, varargs, printfSun FCS late Sept 2004SCO UNIX version for OSR6, UW7 is under way

scheduled for UW7.1.4mp4 (Apr/May 2006), OSR6 mpPackaged JBoss in earlier UW7.1.4, OSR6 maint packs

Web services

Web Services

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Web Services Basics

Web Services – What are they?Provide layer of software abstractionMake apps available via Internet to other apps

OS, hardware, language, location agnosticIndustry-standard specifications

SOAP, XML, WSDL, UDDIDon’t need to know, tools auto generate

Bridge between J2EE and .NET

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A Simple Sample in Java

import net.xmethods.www.*;

public class TempClientP { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String zip = args[0]; TemperatureService svc = new TemperatureServiceLocator(); TemperaturePortType tp = svc.getTemperaturePort(); try { float temp = tp.getTemp(zip); System.out.println("Current temperature at zip code " + zip + " is " + temp + " degrees F."); } catch (org.apache.axis.AxisFault e) { System.err.println("Exception! " + e.toString()); } }}

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A Simple Sample in Perl

#!/usr/bin/perl

use SOAP::Lite;

my $zip_code = shift;print "The temperature at zip code ", $zip_code, " is ";

print SOAP::Lite -> service('http://www.xmethods.net/sd/TemperatureService.wsdl') -> getTemp($zip_code);

print "\n";

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SCO Web Services Platform Support

Three operating systemsOSR 6.0.0 mp1OSR 5.0.7 supp3UW 7.1.4

Two web service serversApacheTomcat

Five languagesJava, Perl, PHP included in each’s default set of librariesC, C++ at /usr/lib/gsoap/Demos of client use in /usr/scox/language_demos/

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SCOx Web Services Language Support

SOAP LIBRARY XML PARSERS SECURITY

C / C++

gSOAP 2.2.3

expat libxml

OpenSSL

Java

Apache Axis 1.2 w/ fix

Apaches Xerces-J 1.4.4

JSSE within J2SE 1.4.2

Perl

SOAP::Lite

XML::Parser

IO::Socket:SSL Crypt::SSLeay

PHP

PEAR::SOAP

PHP XML (expat) PHP DOM XML (libxml)

OpenSSL curl

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Why Java fits in with Web Services

Java excellent language to use Web Services inPart of J2EE 1.4 specificationCan also use stand-alone apart from J2EE

Language is flexible, dynamic, self-awareproxy classes, complex types, XML data binding ...

Java web services bindings are standardsJAXP, JAXB, JAX-RPC, etc.not true of other languages (C, C++, PHP ...)

Java encourages powerful middleware layers

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SCOx Web Services Substrate (WSS)

A set of tools for modernizing applicationsWebFace, WebFace Studio

rich, browser-based, web services-based UIsuses AJAX approach, ahead of its time

SQLeexpose SQL database as a web service

WAMmanage Tomcat-deployed Java web services

Ericom® HostPublisher®extend legacy “green screen” apps via web

services

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Availability of SCOx WSS

Now a set of tools and services for use in modernizing applicationsEngage via SCO Professional Services

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SCO’s Java and Web Services Goals

Enable ISVs, partners, users to develop and deploy Java applications on SCO platformsThe same with web servicesComformance with standardsCompatibility with other implementationsCommitment to supportReliability, Performance, ScalabilityLegacy code connectivitySCOx Professional Services

Questions & Answers