1. solution: d) - insights · other strategies of rntcp include tb-hiv management in collaboration...

INSIGHTS MOCK TEST SERIES – 2015: TEST – 19 SOLUTIONS WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM

1. Solution: d)

2. Solution: a)

NIKSHAY is A web based solution for monitoring of TB patients to monitor Revised National Tuberculosis Programme (RNTCP) effectively, a web enabled and case based monitoring application called NIKSHAY has been developed by National Informatics Centre (NIC). This is used by health functionaries at various levels across the country in association with Central TB Division (CTD), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. NIKSHAY covers various aspects of controlling TB using technological innovations. Apart from web based technology, SMS services have been used effectively for communication with patients and monitoring the programme on day to day basis.

3. Solution: d)

It has been deployed in Priyadarshini Lake located on the Schirmacher Oasis which is a major source of water for Maitri, India’s second base in the Antarctica. Key facts of PROVe Indigenously built by NIOT under the Union Ministry of Earth Sciences. Capable of probing the sea bed under normal temperature and capable of exploring up to 200 meters in inhospitable and tough regions like the ice clad Antarctica.

Operated remotely by scientists on board the ship and has inbuilt thrusters allowing it for 360-degree movement. Will help researchers to study and find out details about


dissolved oxygen in sea bottom, salinity and the quantity of sunlight hitting the bottom of the sea.

The results and outcomes will help researchers in understanding the biological activities taking place inside the sea. Implications of its operationalisation in Antartica Its breakthrough is a great leap forward in forecasting with precision the ever elusive Monsoon, a climatic phenomenon which determines India’s economy.

In case of forecasting Monsoon, PROVe will measure parameters like ocean currents, temperature and salinity in the Arctic. It will especially help scientist to move away from present Mathematical models for forecasting the Monsoon which many times vary from initial forecasts.

4. Solution; c)

5. Solution: d)


Case of Malaysia – near the Equator; and Britain – in temperate latitude.

6. Solution: d)

Household savings continue to be the largest contributor to gross capital formation. Household savings has two components- financial and physical, where the latter typically does not lend itself easily to financial intermediation in the economy. As can


be seen from Table 5.1, the contribution of physical assets to household savings has stood stubbornly above 60 per cent all through the last decade.

7. Solution: d)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/natural_hazards/fold_mountains_rev1.shtml

8. Solution: c)

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs is primarily concerned with administration of the Companies Act 2013, the Companies Act 1956, the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 & other allied Acts and rules & regulations framed there-under mainly for regulating the functioning of the corporate sector in accordance with law.

The Ministry is also responsible for administering the Competition Act, 2002 to prevent practices having adverse effect on competition, to promote and sustain competition in markets, to protect the interests of consumers through the commission set up under the Act.

9. Solution: d)

The natural agents, such as, the sun, the rain, the wind, the running water and the glacier wear away the soft rocks of the upland areas. The resistant rock masses are left there standing on the ground above the surroundings. The sometimes from almost level surface, cut by rivers and streams. These upland areas together form dissected plateau.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissected_plateau


10. Solution: c)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess#Fertility

Loess is a geologically recent deposit of silt or material which is usually yellowish or brown in color and consisting of tiny mineral particles brought by wind to the places where they now lie. It is a product of past glacial activity in an area. It is a sedimentary deposit of mineral particles which are finer than sand but coarser than dust or clay, deposited by the wind. Loess is a type of silt which forms fertile topsoil in some parts of the world. Loess deposits are usually a few meters thick. One of the key characteristics of these deposits is the ‘cat steps'. The soil has few clay particles to hold it together. It is composed mainly of quartz crystals which slide easily against each other, and is therefore very subject to erosion. Because of this, there are mini-earth slides, which form the steps.


The above is a Loess deposition.

A peneplain is a low-relief plain representing the final stage of fluvial erosion during times of extended tectonic stability.

11. Solution: d)

King Mangarasa III proved himself more of a chef than a king. His treatise named ‘SoopaShastra’ on cookery of medieval Karnataka stands out to be the only compilation in a regional language during the medieval ages. King Mangarasa III belonged to the Chengalvu dynasty who were subordinate kings ruling under the suzerainty of Hoysala kings in the 16th century Karnataka. Mangarasa’s palace once stood in the present day Kallali in HunsurTaluk in Karnataka.

Mangarasa being a well-knownpoet, versified SoopaShastra in 385 stanzas running into six chapters during 15-16th century. The first chapter, ‘Pistakadhyaya’ describes as many as 50 wheat preparations. The next chapter called ‘Panakadhyaya’ deals with food-drinks. Mangarasa in old Kannadameant a good king (manga=good, beautiful; rasa=king). So there were Kings with the same name ruling the same kingdom but they were not related to each other - Mangarasa I wrote on poison; Mangarasa II came up with a dictionary; and Mangarasa IV became a chronicler of Kings in Kashmir.

Only two Sanskrit books - Bhima and Nala are devoted on cookery but fall short in being called profound works. Mangarasa has obtained help from both these books and besides got inspired by a character of an adept chef, Gouri, Hindu God Shiva’s spouse as mentioned in SkandaPurana. Two earlier Kannada literatures, Lingapurana and Lokopakara have more than fifty stanzas devoted on cookery.


However, unlike Soopashastra they are not entirely devoted to cookery. Soopashastra stands apart from all other work done till then in Kannada.

PIB Features

12. Solution: d)

Constant decline in soil fertility status, mainly due to nutrient removal by intensive cropping systems in amounts far-exceeding their replenishment through fertilizers and manures during past few decades, is considered one of the serious second-generation problems of Green Revolution. Farmers often use nitrogenous fertilizers (mostly urea) or nitrogenous and complex fertilizers (mostly urea and DAP), ignoring the application of potash and other deficient nutrients.

On the other hand, multi-nutrient deficiencies have already emerged and

expanded in most of the soils. Soil analysis under different projects revealed widespread deficiency of at least six nutrients viz., Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potash (K), Sulphur (S), Zinc (Zn) and Boron (B) in different parts of the country. Some diagnostic surveys carried out in rice-wheat growing areas of north-western India revealed that farmers often apply greater than recommended rates of N to sustain the yield levels that were attained earlier with even less fertilizer use.

Urea, being most common N fertilizer, is indiscriminately used irrespective of

scientific prescriptions. Excessive use of urea leads to several adverse implications on soil, crop quality and overall ecosystem. Some major disadvantages of excessive/indiscriminate use of urea are listed as under:

It enhances mining of soil nutrients that are not applied or applied inadequately,

thus leading to deterioration of soil fertility. Such soils may require more fertilizers over time to produce optimum yields.

Nitrogen applied in excess of crop demand is lost through volatilization,

denitrification and leaching. Excessive use of N (urea) encourages climate change (when lost through

denitrification) and groundwater pollution (when lost through leaching). Increase in nitrate content of groundwater in some intensively-cropped areas has been reported, which is obviously due to leaching of nitrates beyond crop root zone. Increase in nitrate content of groundwater is potentially harmful, as it is used for drinking purposes in most of the rural areas.

Fertilizer N (urea) application beyond recommended rates enhances crop

succulence, thus making the plants prone to disease and pest infestation, and to lodging.

Unbalanced use of urea decreases N use efficiency, thus leads to increase in cost of

production and lowering of net profits.


For increasing use efficiency of N and other nutrients, profitability and

environmental safety, fertilizer N (urea) application needs to be rationalized. A few guidelines for rational use of N fertilizers are indicated below:

Fertilizer N (urea) application should be invariably balanced not only with P and K

but also with deficient secondary and micronutrients. Soil test-based fertilizer prescriptions have to be adopted. Farmers should insist

for S and micronutrient testing, as NPK alone (without S and micronutrients) is no longer balanced fertilizer prescription.

Neem oil coated urea should be preferred over pilled urea, especially for basal

dressing. Losses of N are usually less when urea is top-dressed before irrigation. Modified N scheduling using leaf color chart (LCC) gives better N use efficiency in

crops. LCC-based real-time N application needs to be promoted in the crops (like rice and wheat) for which LCC thresholds are available.

Conjoint use of organic manures and fertilizers may help curtailing the application

of fertilizers including that of urea. Inclusion of legumes may curtail fertilizer N (urea) requirement by 25-50%.

Depending on cropping system and availability of irrigation, legumes could be introduced as catch crop, green manures, forage crop, break crop or as short duration grain crop.

13. Solution: d)

The basic strategy is DOTS (Directly Observed treatment – short course) through which treatment completion is ensured. Diagnosis and treatment is provided free of cost to all individuals. The program operates through 3644 Tuberculosis Units (TUs) and 13,306 designated microscopy centres (DMCs) throughout the country.

The program has a well-defined ACSM (Advocacy, communication, and social mobilization) strategy based on Communication needs, Target Groups and Communication tools/Media options to reach target groups. Roles and responsibilities are defined at the central, state and district level.

Other strategies of RNTCP include TB-HIV management in collaboration with NACO. It is a well-known fact that TB is more common in HIV cases and is one of the most common causes of infection and mortality. TB patients are regularly tested for HIV and vice versa. Patient with this dual infection receive co-trimoxazole chemoprophylaxis. Both anti-TB drugs as well as antiretroviral drug therapy are given to patients with both infections and disease. CB-NAAT (Cartridge-based


nucleic acid amplification) test is done in priority basis to detect TB in Presumptive TB cases among People living with HIV / AIDS in all CB-NAAT sites.

14. Solution: a)

Also, in 1934, with the formation of the Congress Socialist Party (CSP). the process of the consolidation of the Left forces received a significant push forward. The Communists, too, got the opportunity, by becoming members of the CSP to work in an open and legal fashion. This consolidation of the Left acted as a spur to the formation of an all-India body to coordinate the kisan movement, a process that was already under way through the efforts of N.G. Ranga and other kisan leaders. The culmination was the establishment of the All-India Kisan Congress in Lucknow in April 1936 which later changed its name to the AllIndia kisan Sabha. Swami Sahajanand, the militant founder of the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (1929), was elected the President, and N.G. Ranga, the pioneer of the kisan movement in Andhra and a renowned scholar of the agrarian problem, the General Secretary. The first session was greeted in person by Jawaharlal Nehru. Other participants included Ram Manohar Lohia, Sohan Singh Josh, Indulal Yagnik, Jayaprakash Narayan, Mohanlal Gautam, Kamal Sarkar, Sudhin Pramanik and Ahmed Din. The Conference resolved to bring out a Kisan Manifesto and a periodic bulletin edited by Indulal Yagnik. A Kisan Manifesto was finalized at the All-India Kisan Committee session in Bombay and formally presented to the Congress Working Committee to be incorporated into its forthcoming manifesto for the 1937 elections. The Kisan Manifesto considerably influenced the agrarian programme adopted by the Congress at its Faizpur session, which included demands for fifty per cent reduction in land revenue and rent, a moratorium on debts, the abolition of feudal levies, security of tenure for tenants, a living wage for agricultural labourers, and the recognition of peasant unions.

15. Solution: d)

India is world’s highest MDR-TB burden country with 64,000 cases emerging annually in notified Pulmonary TB cases.

Although RNTCP is being implemented in every part of country either through the State government or through the local self- government wherever there is a separate health system in corporations, focus is given for urban TB control. Exclusive resources for urban areas included in RNTCP in terms of TB health visitors for every


1 lakh aggregate urban population, additional funding norms in ACSM in urban areas.

TB now is a notifiable disease under Government notification and the Govt. of India has banned the use of serology in the diagnosis of TB. The program is trying to bring all private sectors through case notification, persuading the private sector to follow standardized treatment guidelines.

16. Solution: d)


17. Solution: a)

Hot spring, also called thermal spring, spring with water at temperatures substantially higher than the air temperature of the surrounding region. Most hot springs discharge groundwater that is heated by shallow intrusions of magma (molten rock) in volcanic areas. Some thermal springs, however, are not related to volcanic activity. In such cases, the water is heated by convective circulation: groundwater percolating downward reaches depths of a kilometre or more where the temperature of rocks is high because of the normal temperature gradient of the Earth’s crust—about 30 °C (54 °F) per kilometre in the first 10 km (6 miles).

18. Solution: d)

The National Commission for SCs and STs came into being consequent upon passing of the 65th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1990. The Commission was established under Article 338 of the Constitution with the objective of monitoring all the safeguards provided for the SCs and STs under the Constitution or other laws.

Geographically and culturally, the STs are different from the SCs and their problems are also different from those of SCs. In 1999, a new Ministry of Tribal Affairs was created to provide a sharp focus to the welfare and development of the STs. It was felt necessary that the Ministry of Tribal Affairs should co-ordinate all activities relating to the STs as it would not be administratively feasible for the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment to perform this role

The separate National Commission for STs came into existence in 2004. It consists of a chairperson, a vice-chairperson and three other members. They are appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal. Their conditions of service and tenure of office are also determined by the President.

19. Solution: d)

The Commission presents an annual report to the President. It can also submit a report as and when it thinks necessary.

The President places all such reports before the Parliament, along with a memorandum explaining the action taken on the recommendations made by the Commission. The memorandum should also contain the reasons for the non-acceptance of any of such recommendations.

The President also forwards any report of the Commission pertaining to a state government to the state governor. The governor places it before the state legislature,


along with a memorandum explaining the action taken on the recommendations of the Commission. The memorandum should also contain the reasons for the non-acceptance of any of such recommendations.

20. Solution: c)

In November 1927, Jawaharlal and Motilal visited the Soviet Union. On his return, Jawaharlal wrote a series of articles for the Hindu which were also published in book form. His reaction was very positive and idealistic and was reflected in the lines he put on the title page of the book: ‘Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, but to be young was very heaven.’ In 1928 and after Nehru 9 repeatedly praised the Soviet Union ‘as the greatest opponent of imperialism,’ this admiration for the Soviet Union was to deepen as he came more and more under the influence of Marxism. At Lucknow, in 1936, he said that though he was pained and disagreed with much that was happening in the Soviet Union, he looked upon ‘that great and fascinating unfolding of a new order and a new civilization as the most promising feature of our dismal age.’ In fact, ‘if the future is full of hope it is largely because of Soviet Russia.’ The mass trials and purges of Stalin’s opponents in the 1930s repelled him, but he still retained his faith in the Soviet regime, especially as, in his view, it ‘stood as the one real effective bulwark against fascism in Europe and Asia.’

21. Solution: d)

Starting April 1, the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) of the Labour and Employment Ministry will now be implemented by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

The RSBY, the health insurance scheme for BPL (below poverty line) families provides for IT-enabled and smart-card-based cashless health insurance, including maternity benefit cover up to Rs. 30,000 per annum on a family floater basis.

In India, of the estimated workforce of 47 crore, only eight crore are organised workers and thirty nine crore are workers in the unorganised sector.

22. Solution: d)

The Commissioner is assisted at headquarters by Deputy Commissioner and an Assistant Commissioner. He maintains liaison with the State Governments and Union Territories through nodal officers appointed by them.


At the Central level, the Commissioner falls under the Ministry of Minority Affairs. Hence, he submits the annual reports or other reports to the President through the Union Minority Affairs Minister.

The Constitution does not specify the qualifications, tenure, salaries and allowances, service conditions and procedure for removal of the Special Officer for Linguistic minorities.

23. Solution: a)

AWACS are radars mounted on an aircraft to provide seamless 360-degree coverage of the airspace.

The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Defence Minister, recently approved the development of an indigenous Airborne Warning and Control Systems (AWACS) by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). The Air Force is currently operating three Israeli Phalcons based on Russian Il-76 aircraft. In addition, the DRDO is developing two smaller Airborne Early Warning & Control (AEW&C) based on the Embraer aircraft, scheduled to be delivered this year.

24. Solution: d)

§ The fund, with a corpus of Rs. 500 crore, will be used to support market interventions for managing prices of perishable agri-horticultural commodities.

§ Initially, the fund is proposed to be used for onion and potato only. Losses incurred, if any, in the operations will be shared between the Centre and the States.

§ The fund will be used to advance interest-free loans to State governments and Central agencies to support their working capital and other expenses on procurement and distribution interventions for such commodities. These commodities will be procured directly from farmers or farmers’ organisations right at the farm gate or mandi levels and be made available at reasonable prices to consumers.

§ For this purpose, the States will set up a revolving fund to which the Centre and State will contribute equally. The ratio of Centre-State contribution to the State-level corpus in respect of northeast States will, however, be 75:25.

§ The revolving fund is being mooted so that requirements for all future interventions can be decided and met at the State level itself. The Central


agencies will, however, set up their revolving fund entirely with advance from the Centre.

25. Solution: d)

http://www.chinausfocus.com/finance-economy/one-belt-and-one-road-far-reaching-initiative/

26. Solution: d)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NITI_Aayog#Difference_between_NITI_Aayog_and_Planning_Commission

27. Solution: d)

The commission is a multi-member body consisting of a chairman and four members. The chairman should be a retired chief justice of India, and members should be serving or retired judges of the Supreme Court, a serving or retired chief justice of a high court and two persons having knowledge or practical experience with respect to human rights. In addition to these full-time members, the commission also has four ex-officio members—the chairmen of the National Commission for Minorities, the National Commission for SCs, the National Commission for STs and the National Commission for Women.

28. Solution: a)

Labour productivity has always been the focus of the government as it is the major goal of all skill development missions and schemes.


29. Solution: a)

The president can remove the chairman or any member from the office under the following circumstances:

• If he is adjudged an insolvent; or • If he engages, during his term of office, in any paid employment outside the

duties of his office; or • If he is unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body; or • If he is of unsound mind and stand so declared by a competent court; or • If he is convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for an offence.

In addition to these, the president can also remove the chairman or any member on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. However, in these cases, the president has to refer the matter to the Supreme Court for an inquiry. If the Supreme Court, after the inquiry, upholds the cause of removal and advises so, then the president can remove the chairman or a member.

30. Solution: d)

Nehru developed a complex relationship with Gandhiji during this period. He criticized Gandhiji for refusing to recognize the conflict of classes, for preaching


harmony among the exploiters and the exploited, and for putting forward the theories of trusteeship by, and conversion of, the capitalists and landlords. In fact, Nehru devoted a whole chapter in his Autobiography to gently combating some of the basic aspects of Gandhian ideology.

31. Solution: d)

The chairman and members are appointed by the president on the recommendations of a six-member committee consisting of the prime minister as its head, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, leaders of the Opposition in both the Houses of Parliament and the Central home minister. Further, a sitting judge of the Supreme Court or a sitting chief justice of a high court can be appointed only after consultation with the chief justice of India.

The chairman and members hold office for a term of five years or until they attain the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier. After their tenure, the chairman and members are not eligible for further employment under the Central or a state government.

32. Solution: c)

§ PRAGATI is a unique integrating and interactive platform.

§ The platform is aimed at addressing common man’s grievances, and simultaneously monitoring and reviewing important programmes and projects of the Government of India as well as projects flagged by State Governments.

Unique features:

§ The PRAGATI platform uniquely bundles three latest technologies: Digital data management, video-conferencing and geo-spatial technology.

§ It also offers a unique combination in the direction of cooperative federalism since it brings on one stage the Secretaries of Government of India and the Chief Secretaries of the States.

§ With this, the Prime Minister is able to discuss the issues with the concerned Central and State officials with full information and latest visuals of the ground level situation. It is also an innovative project in e-governance and good governance.


§ It is a three-tier system (PMO, Union Government Secretaries, and Chief

Secretaries of the States).

§ Prime Minister will hold a monthly programme where he will interact with the Government of India Secretaries, and Chief Secretaries through Video-conferencing enabled by data and geo-informatics visuals.

§ Issues to be flagged before the PM are picked up from the available database regarding Public Grievances, on-going Programmes and pending Projects.

§ The system will ride on, strengthen and re-engineer the data bases of the CPGRAMS for grievances, Project Monitoring Group (PMG) and the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. PRAGATI provides an interface and platform for all these three aspects.

§ It will also take into consideration various correspondences to PM’s office by the common people or from high dignitaries of States and/or developers of public projects.

§ It is also a robust system for bringing e-transparency and e-accountability with real-time presence and exchange among the key stakeholders.

33. Solution: b)

Venus is sometimes called Earth's twin because Venus and Earth are almost the same size, have about the same mass (they weigh about the same), and have a very similar composition (are made of the same material). They are also neighbouring planets. However, Venus and Earth are also very different. Venus has an atmosphere that is about 100 times thicker than Earth's and has surface temperatures that are extremely hot. Venus does not have life or water oceans like Earth does. Venus also rotates backwards compared to Earth and the other planets.

34. Solution: b)


35. Solution: d)

The cost of transportation of a ton of coal, for each country, is derived by multiplying the average distance (in kilometers) travelled by the coal with the average cost (PPP adjusted $) of transportation per ton kilometer. The average distance over which the coal is transported divided by the average speed yields the time taken. Load carried by the average freight train divided by the time taken yields capacity (tons carried per hour). As the ratios reported in table 6.4 indicates, China carries about thrice as much coal freight per hour vis-à-vis India. Coal is transported in India at more than twice the cost vis-à-vis China, and it takes 1.3 times longer to do so.

36. Solution: a)

http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/what-was-section-66a-749154

http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-judge-my-hero/

37. Solution: d)

http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/getting-rbi-out-of-debt/

38. Solution: b)

The Congress could not attempt a complete overhaul of the agrarian structure by completely eliminating the zamindari system. This, for two reasons, According to the constitutional structure of the 1935 Act, the provincial Ministries did not have


enough powers to do so. They also suffered from an extreme lack of financial resources, for the lion’s share of India’s revenues was appropriated by the Government of India. The Congress Ministries could also not touch the existing administrative structure, whose sanctity was guarded by the Viceroy’s and Governor’s powers. What is more important, the strategy of class adjustment also forbade it. A multi-class movement could develop only by balancing or adjusting various, mutually clashing class interests. To unite all the Indian people in their struggle against colonialism, the main enemy of the time, it was necessary to make such an adjustment. The policy had to be that of winning over or at least neutralizing as large a part of the landlord classes as possible so as to isolate the enemy and deprive him of all social support within India. This was even more necessary because, in large parts of the country, the smaller landlords were active participants in the national movement

39. Solution: c)

The vast majority of the system's mass is in the Sun, with most of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, also called the terrestrial planets, are primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets, the giant planets, are substantially more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest, the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn, are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, the ice giants Uranus and Neptune, are composed largely of substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, called ices, such as water, ammonia and methane. All planets have almost circular orbits that lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic.

40. Solution: a)

http://theweatherprediction.com/habyhints2/471/

41. Solution: c)

The Sagarmala project seeks to develop a string of ports around India’s coast. The prime objective of the Sagarmala project is to promote port-led direct and indirect development and to provide infrastructure to transport goods to and from ports quickly, efficiently and cost-effectively. Therefore, the Sagarmala Project shall, inter alia, aim to develop access to new development regions with intermodal solutions and promotion of the optimum modal split, enhanced connectivity with main


economic centres and beyond through expansion of rail, inland water, coastal and road services.

The Sagarmala initiative will address challenges by focusing on three pillars of development, namely

§ Supporting and enabling Port-led Development through appropriate policy and institutional interventions and providing for an institutional framework for ensuring inter-agency and ministries/departments/states’ collaboration for integrated development,

§ Port Infrastructure Enhancement, including modernization and setting up of new ports, and

§ Efficient Evacuation to and from hinterland.

§ In addition to strengthening port and evacuation infrastructure, it also aims at simplifying procedures used at ports for cargo movement and promotes usage of electronic channels for information exchange leading to quick, efficient, hassle-free and seamless cargo movement.

§ The Sagarmala initiative would also strive to ensure sustainable development of the population living in the Coastal Economic Zone (CEZ). This would be done by synergising and coordinating with State Governments and line Ministries of Central Government through their existing schemes and programmes such as those related to community and rural development, tribal development and employment generation, fisheries, skill development, tourism promotion etc.

42. Solution: c)

It is a scheme which seeks to make available quality medicines at affordable prices for all, especially the poor and the disadvantaged.

§ Under this, less priced quality unbranded generic medicines will be made available through Jan Aushadhi stores which inherently are less priced but are of same and equivalent quality, efficacy and safety as compared to branded generic medicines.

§ Under this Scheme, the State Government has to provide space in Government Hospital premises for the running of the outlets (JAS). Government hospitals, NGOs, Charitable Organisations and public societies like Red Cross Society, Rogi Kalyan Samiti typically constituted for the purpose can be operating agencies for the JAS.


§ The operating agency for JAS is nominated on the basis of the

recommendations of the State government. Operational expenditure is met from trade margins admissible for the medicines.

§ The State Government has to ensure prescription of unbranded generic medicines by the Government doctors.

§ The Jan Aushadhi Programme is accordingly a self sustaining business model not dependent on government subsidies or assistance. It is run on the principle of “Not for Profits but with Minimal Profits”.

43. Solution: c)

Both are statutory bodies i.e. established by an act of Parliament. Both were established after amending the Competition Act 2002. COMPAT is a quasi judicial body (a tribunal) whereas, CCI is not. CCI is a regulatory body.

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/competition-appellate-tribunal-upholds-ccis-rs-630cr-fine-on-dlf/article6025288.ece

44. Solution: d)

http://www.investopedia.com/articles/bonds/05/022805.asp

45. Solution: c)

This is the flagship scheme for skill training of youth to be implemented by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship through the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). The scheme will cover 24 lakh persons.

§ Skill training would be done based on the National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) and industry led standards.

§ Under the scheme, a monetary reward is given to trainees on assessment and certification by third party assessment bodies. The average monetary reward would be around Rs.8000 per trainee.

§ The scheme would be implemented through NSDC training partners. Currently NSDC has 187 training partners that have over 2300 centres. In addition, Central / State Government affiliated training providers would also be used for training under the scheme.


§ Focus under the PMKVY would be on improved curricula, better pedagogy

and better trained instructors. Training would include soft skills, personal grooming, behavioral change for cleanliness, good work ethics. Sector Skill Councils and the State Governments would closely monitor skill training that will happen under PMKVY.

§ Skill Development Management System (SDMS) would be put in place to verify and record details of all training centres a certain quality of training locations and courses.

§ Biometric system and video recording of the training process would be put in place where feasible.

§ A robust grievance redressal system would be put in place to address grievances relating to implementation of the scheme. An online citizen portal would be put in place to disseminate information about the scheme.

46. Solution: a)

‘Mission Indradhanush’ launched on 25th December, 2014 with an aim to cover all those children who are partially vaccinated or unvaccinated. ‘Mission Indradhanush’ is a nationwide initiative with a special focus on 201 high focus districts. These districts account for nearly 50% of the total partially vaccinated or unvaccinated children in the country.

Mission Indradhanush will provide protection against seven life-threatening diseases (Diphtheria, Whooping Cough, Tetanus, Polio, Tuberculosis, Measles and Hepatitis B). In addition, vaccination against Japanese Encephalitis and Haemophilus influenza type B will be provided in selected districts of the country. Vaccination against tetanus will be provided to the pregnant women.

47. Solution: a)


48. Solution: b)

Indulal Kanaiyalal Yagnik (22 February 1892 – 17 July 1972) was an Indian independence activist, a leader of the All India Kisan Sabha and one who lead Mahagujarat Movement, which spearheaded the demand for the separate statehood for Gujarat on 8 August 1956. He is also known as Indu Chacha. He was writer and film maker also. Yagnik was elected to the 2nd Lok Sabha from Ahmedabad constituency in the erstwhile Bombay state in 1957. He was re-elected to the 3rd, 4th and 5th Lok Sabha from the same constituency from 1962–1972.

Left-wing individuals, such as Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, Professor N.G. Ranga, and Indulal Yagnik, who worked outside the framework of any organized left-wing party.

49. Solution: d)

Rajasthan’s first State-run human milk bank, “Jeevan Dhara”, was inaugurated by the Health Minister recently.

§ The first mother’s milk bank in the State was started by a non-governmental organisation in a government hospital in Udaipur.

Jeevan Dhara has been started in collaboration with the Norwegian government and JK Lon Hospital, and aims to collect excess breast milk from lactating mothers and provide it to infants deprived of it.

50. Solution: d)


Financial repression on the asset side of the balance sheet is created by the statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) requirement that forces banks to hold government securities, and priority sector lending (PSL) that forces resource deployment in less than fully efficient ways. Financial repression on the liability side has arisen from high inflation since 2007, leading to negative real interest rates, and a sharp reduction in households’ financial savings.

As India exits from liability-side repression with declining inflation, the time may be appropriate for addressing its asset-side counterparts.

51. Solution: b)


52. Solution: c)

In 1921, the Congress congratulated the Burmese people on their struggle for freedom. Burma was at that time a part of India, but the Congress announced that free India favoured Burma’s independence from India. Gandhiji wrote in this context in 1922: ‘1 have never been able to take pride in the fact that Burma has been made part of British India. It never was and never should be. The Burmese have a civilization of their own.’ In 1924, the Congress asked the Indian settlers in Burma to demand no separate rights at the cost of the Burmese people.

53. Solution: a)

Igneous rocks are formed deep inside Earth's crust (intrusive rocks) or at the surface (extrusive rocks). As molten rock (known as magma) below the surface cools, the liquid material begins to solidify into minerals of differing sizes and compositions. Generally, the longer the cooling time, the larger the mineral crystals can grow. Trapped deep in the Earth, magma is allowed to cool slowly. Examples of intrusive rocks are granite and gabbro. Granite is made up of three common minerals - quartz, mica and feldspar - and when viewed from a distance appear tan, pinkish or gray, depending on the concentrations and grain sizes of the three minerals.

This rock is very widely used as a building material, due to its abundance and strength. Gabbro has a lower quartz content than granite, and is therefore much darker. Liquid rock that reaches the surface cools very quickly. As a result of this immediate cooling, the crystals produced are extremely small. These tiny-grained minerals tend to give these extrusive rocks a rather opaque, homogenous color.

All of the world's sea floors are produced in this manner of rapid cooling, and the dark-gray, heavy rock produced is called basalt. Andesite (named after the Andes Mountains in South America) is a cousin to basalt in that it is also volcanic in nature, but is lighter-colored due to the decreased concentration of darker minerals.

54. Solution: a)

The scheme was launched by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Government of India.


The nutritional guidelines for minimum amount of food and calorie content per child per day are:

Entitlement norm per child per day under MDM

Item Primary (Class I to V) Upper Primary(Class VI to VIII)

Calories 450 700

Protein (in Grams ) 12 20

Rice / Wheat (in Grams ) 100 150

Dal (in Grams ) 20 30

Vegetables (in Grams ) 50 75

Oil and Fat (in Grams ) 5 7.5

In the case of micronutrients (vitamin A, iron, and folate) tablets and de-worming medicines, the student is entitled to receive the amount provided for in the school health programme of the National Rural Health Mission

http://mdm.nic.in/

55. Solution: a)

http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/how-long-will-life-earth-survive

56. Solution: a)


The Constitution (Article 149) authorises the Parliament to prescribe the duties and powers of the CAG in relation to the accounts of the Union and of the states and of any other authority or body.

Accordingly, the Parliament enacted the CAG’s (Duties, Powers and Conditions of Service) act, 1971. This Act was amended in 1976 to separate accounts from audit in the Central government. The duties and functions of the CAG as laid down by the Parliament and the Constitution are:

1. He audits the accounts related to all expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, consolidated fund of each state and consolidated fund of each union territory having a Legislative Assembly.

2. He audits all expenditure from the Contingency Fund of India and the Public Account of India as well as the contingency fund of each state and the public account of each state.

57. Solution: a)

In a financial year, CAG’s report are submitted at the end of financial year. Then the PAC receives CAG’s reports, studies it; and send its own report to the Parliament.

Therefore, the first activity in a financial year is the examination of the budget by the departmental standing committees after it has been presented and budget allocated by the Ministry of Finance.

58. Solution: b)

In 1937, Japan launched an attack on China. The Congress passed a resolution condemning Japan and calling upon the Indian people to boycott Japanese goods as a mark of their sympathy with the Chinese people. At its Haripura session in early 1938, the Congress reiterated this call while condemning ‘the aggression of a brutal imperialism in China and horrors and frightfulness that have accompanied it.’ It warned that the invasion of China was ‘fraught with the gravest consequences for the future of the world peace and of freedom in Asia.’ As an expression of its solidarity with the Chinese people, 12 June was celebrated throughout India as China Day. The Congress also sent a medical mission, headed by Dr. M. Atal, to work with the Chinese armed forces. One of its members, Dr. Kotnis, was to lay down his life working with the Eighth Route Army under Mao ZeDong’s command.

59. Solution: d)


The role of CAG in the auditing of public corporations is limited. Broadly speaking, his relationship with the public corporations falls into the following three categories:

(i) Some corporations are audited totally and directly by the CAG, for example, Damodar Valley Corporation, Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Air India, Indian Airlines Corporation, and others.

(ii) Some other corporations are audited by private professional auditors who are appointed by the Central Government in consultation with the CAG. If necessary, the CAG can conduct supplementary audit. The examples are, Central Warehousing Corporation, Industrial Finance Corporation, and others.

(iii) Some other corporations are totally subjected to private audit. In other words, their audit is done exclusively by private professional auditors and the CAG does not come into the picture at all. They submit their annual reports and accounts directly to the Parliament. Examples of such corporations are Life Insurance Corporation of India, Reserve Bank of India, State Bank of India, Food Corporation of India, and others.

60. Solution: d)

http://www.preservearticles.com/2011111717346/useful-notes-on-the-distribution-of-volcanoes-throughout-the-world.html

61. Solution: b)

The Attorney General (AG) is appointed by the president. He must be a person who is qualified to be appointed a judge of the Supreme Court. In other words, he must be a citizen of India and he must have been a judge of some high court for five years or an advocate of some high court for ten years or an eminent jurist, in the opinion of the president.

The term of office of the AG is not fixed by the Constitution. Further, the Constitution does not contain the procedure and grounds for his removal. He holds office during the pleasure of the president. This means that he may be removed by the president at any time. He may also quit his office by submitting his resignation to the president. Conventionally, he resigns when the government (council of ministers) resigns or is replaced, as he is appointed on its advice.

The remuneration of the AG is not fixed by the Constitution. He receives such remuneration as the president may determine.


62. Solution: d)

In the performance of his official duties, the Attorney General has the right of audience in all courts in the territory of India. Further, he has the right to speak and to take part in the proceedings of both the Houses of Parliament or their joint sitting and any committee of the Parliament of which he may be named a member, but without a right to vote. He enjoys all the privileges and immunities that are available to a member of Parliament.

• Following limitations are placed on the Attorney General in order to avoid any complication and conflict of duty:

o He should not advise or hold a brief against the Government of India. o He should not advise or hold a brief in cases in which he is called upon

to advise or appear for the Government of India. o He should not defend accused persons in criminal prosecutions without

the permission of the Government of India. o He should not accept appointment as a director in any company or

corporation without the permission of the Government of India.

However, the Attorney General is not a full-time counsel for the Government. He does not fall in the category of government servants. Further, he is not debarred from private legal practice.

63. Solution: c)

In addition to the AG, there are other law officers of the Government of India. They are the solicitor general of India and additional solicitor general of India. They assist the AG in the fulfilment of his official responsibilities. It should be noted here that only the office of the AG is created by the Constitution. In other words, Article 76 does not mention about the solicitor general and additional solicitor general.

The AG is not a member of the Central cabinet. There is a separate law minister in the Central cabinet to look after legal matters at the government level.

64. Solution: b)

The advocate general is appointed by the governor. He must be a person who is qualified to be appointed a judge of a high court. In other words, he must be a citizen of India and must have held a judicial office for ten years or been an advocate of a high court for ten years.


As the chief law officer of the government in the state, the duties of the advocate general include the following:

• To give advice to the government of the state upon such legal matters which are referred to him by the governor.

• To perform such other duties of a legal character that are assigned to him by the governor.

• To discharge the functions conferred on him by the Constitution or any other law.

In the performance of his official duties, the advocate general is entitled to appear before any court of law within the state.

65. Solution: c)

Attracted by the Soviet Union and its revolutionary commitment, a large number of Indian revolutionaries and exiles abroad made their way there. The most well-known and the tallest of them was M.N. Roy, who along with Lenin, helped evolve the Communist International’s policy towards the colonies. Seven such Indians, headed by Roy, met at Tashkent in October 1920 and set up a Communist Party of India. Independently of this effort, as we have seen, a number of left-wing and communist groups and organizations had begun to come into existence in India after 1920. Most of these groups came together at Kanpur in December 1925 and founded an all-India organization under the name the Communist Party of India (CPI).

66. Solution: b)

Nehru became the president of the historic Lahore Congress of 1929 at a youthful forty. He was elected to the post again in 1936 and 1937

In 1928, Jawaharlal joined hands with Subhas to organize the Independence for India League to fight for complete independence and ‘a socialist revision of the economic structure of society.’

67. Solution: d)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NITI_Aayog#Origin_and_formation

68. Solution: a)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_block#Fault-block_mountains

http://www.mountainprofessor.com/fault-block-mountains.html

69. Solution: c)

in British India, it was the tebhaga struggle in Bengal that held the limelight. in late 1946, the share-croppers of Bengal began to assert that they would no longer pay a half share of their crop to the jotedars but only one-third and that before division the crop would be stored in their khamars (godowns) and not that of the jotedars. They were no doubt encouraged by the fact that the Bengal Land Revenue Commission, popularly known as the Floud Commission, had already made this recommendation in its report to the government.


Source: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4jhNfZ4DtbEC&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=the+Floud+Commission&source=bl&ots=jdPzXv91nz&sig=oTNYBjzjADFH1Wrl1rxn8jp


Xlwg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Vk8bVf-MHIKKuwS_sYHAAQ&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false

70. Solution: d)

One other such plateau is Deccan plateau, India. Some plateaus like these are found between fold mountains such as the Bolivian plateau. These are distinct from the volcanic plateaus that are formed due to the flow and consolidation of lava.

71. Solution: d)

It is clear that private projects are held up overwhelmingly due to market conditions and non-regulatory factors whereas the government projects are stalled due to lack of required clearances.

72. Solution: d)

Many countries before, including Japan in the aftermath of the real estate and equity boom of the late 1980s, have experienced over-extended corporate balance sheets. However, there is something fundamentally Indian about this phenomenon.

First, the debt overhang of the corporate sector is accompanied by a relatively high growth of around 6 to 7 per cent. Second, it has been accompanied by high inflation (instead of the price deflation in the Japanese example). Third, the public sector is


exposed to corporate risk in the form of public private partnerships, and lending by the public sector banks. Fourth, unlike many other countries with high debt to equity ratios currently, India’s debt is almost exclusively financed by public sector banks. This has translated into high and rising non-performing assets for these banks.

73. Solution: d)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock#Types_of_metamorphism

74. Solution: a)

http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/how-long-will-life-earth-survive

75. Solution: b)

A powerful left-wing group developed in India in the late 1920s and 1930s contributing to the radicalization of the national movement. The goal of political independence acquired a clearer and sharper social and economic content. The stream of national struggle for independence and the stream of the struggle for social and economic emancipation of the suppressed and the exploited began to come together. Socialist ideas acquired roots in the Indian soil; and socialism became the accepted creed of Indian youth whose urges came to be symbolized by Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose. Gradually there emerged two powerful parties of the Left, the Communist Party of India (CPI) and the Congress Socialist Party (CSP)

76. Solution: d)

http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pollinating-species-declining-worldwide

77. Solution: d)

The CAG holds office for a period of six years or upto the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. He can resign any time from his office by addressing the resignation letter


to the president. He can also be removed by the president on same grounds and in the same manner as a judge of the Supreme Court.

In other words, he can be removed by the president on the basis of a resolution passed to that effect by both the Houses of Parliament with special majority, either on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity.

78. Solution: a)

Refer to the Sec Box 5.1 : Reducing the Statutory Liquidity Ratio in the recent Economic Survey.

It has been explained very well in details there.

79. Solution: a)

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/leverageratio.asp

Using the Leverage ratio is a tool for measuring the performance of the Indian banking system.

80. Solution: d)

According to Census 2011, India has 55 million potential workers between the ages of 15 and 35 years in rural areas. At the same time, the world is expected to face a shortage of 57 million workers by 2020. This presents a historic opportunity for India to transform its demographic surplus into a demographic dividend. The Ministry of Rural Development implements DDU-GKY to drive this national agenda for inclusive growth, by developing skills and productive capacity of the rural youth from poor families.

There are several challenges preventing India’s rural poor from competing in the

modern market, such as the lack of formal education and marketable skills. DDU-GKY bridges this gap by funding training projects benchmarked to global standards, with an emphasis on placement, retention, career progression and foreign placement.

Features of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana

· Enable Poor and Marginalized to Access Benefits Demand led skill training at no cost to the rural poor

· Inclusive Program Design

Mandatory coverage of socially disadvantaged groups (SC/ST 50%; Minority 15%; Women 33%)


· Shifting Emphasis from Training to Career Progression Pioneers in providing incentives for job retention, career progression and foreign

placements

· Greater Support for Placed Candidates Post-placement support, migration support and alumni network

· Proactive Approach to Build Placement Partnerships

Guaranteed Placement for at least 75% trained candidates

· Enhancing the Capacity of Implementation Partners Nurturing new training service providers and developing their skills

· Regional Focus Greater emphasis on projects for poor rural youth in Jammu and Kashmir

(HIMAYAT), the North-East region and 27 Left-Wing Extremist (LWE) districts (ROSHINI)

· Standards-led Delivery All program activities are subject to Standard Operating Procedures that are

not open to interpretation by local inspectors. All inspections are supported by geo-tagged, time stamped videos/photographs

81. Solution: d)

Capital to risk weighted assets ratio (CRAR) is arrived at by dividing the capital of the bank with aggregated risk weighted assets for credit risk, market risk and operational risk. Leverage ratio is defined by the RBI as ratio of total assets to total capital. The international definition, for example as laid out by the Bank of International Settlements, is typically the inverse.


82. Solution: b)

83. Solution: d)

The commission’s headquarters is at Delhi and it can also establish offices at other places in India. It is vested with the power to regulate its own procedure. It has all the powers of a civil court and its proceedings have a judicial character. It may call for information or report from the Central and state governments or any other authority subordinate thereto.

The commission has its own nucleus of investigating staff for investigation into complaints of human rights violations. Besides, it is empowered to utilise the services of any officer or investigation agency of the Central government or any state government for the purpose. It has also established effective cooperation with the NGOs with first-hand information about human rights violations.

NHRC can inquire into any violation of human rights or negligence in the prevention of such violation by a public servant, either suo motu or on a petition presented to it or on an order of a court.

84. Solution: b)

With the successful Mars Orbit Insertion of Mars Orbiter Spacecraft on September 24, 2014, ISRO became the fourth Space Agency to successfully send a spacecraft to Mars and the first Nation in the world to do so in its first attempt. The successful launch of first experimental flight of India’s future heavy capacity launcher GSLV Mk III, also known as LVM-3, on December 18, 2014, which carried Crew Module


Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment (CARE) as its payload, marked India’s progress towards self-reliance in launching four ton class of communication satellites into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C26) successfully launched India’s third navigational satellite IRNSS-1C, from Sriharikota on October 16, 2014. French Remote Sensing Satellite SPOT-7 and four more co-passenger satellites from Canada, Germany and Singapore were successfully launched using PSLV-C23. India’s new communication satellite GSAT-16 was successfully put into orbit on December 07, 2014 from French, Guiana. The year 2014 also saw the successful flight testing of GSLV’s indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage, with the successful launch of GSLV-D5 placing the GSAT-14 communication satellite into its intended orbit. Several major space missions are planned during 2015 which include next flight of Geo Synchronous Launch Vehicle GSLV-D6 with Indigenous Cryogenic Stage to launch GSAT-6 communication satellite, launch of Astronomical Satellite ASTROSAT, GSAT-15 communication satellite, four more navigational satellites and two commercial launches of PSLV.

85. Solution: b)

The commission is not empowered to inquire into any matter after the expiry of one year from the date on which the act constituting violation of human rights is alleged to have been committed. In other words, it can look into a matter within one year of its occurrence4.

The commission may take any of the following steps during or upon the completion of an inquiry:

• it may recommend to the concerned government or authority to make payment of compensation or damages to the victim;

• it may recommend to the concerned government or authority the initiation of proceedings for prosecution or any other action against the guilty public servant;

• it may recommend to the concerned government or authority for the grant of immediate interim relief to the victim;

• it may approach the Supreme Court or the high court concerned for the necessary directions, orders or writs.

86. Solution: a)


The stalling rate of projects has been increasing at an alarmingly high rate in the last five years, and the rate is much higher in the private sector.

The data shows that manufacturing and infrastructure dominate in the private sector, and manufacturing dominates in total value of stalled projects even over infrastructure. The government’s stalled projects are predominantly in infrastructure. Unfavourable market conditions (and not regulatory clearances) are stalling a large number of projects in the private sector, and in contrast regulatory reasons explain bulk of stalling in the public sector. Also, clearing the top 100 stalled projects will address 83 per cent of the problem of stalled projects by value.

87. Solution: c)

In order for a sector to offer transformational possibilities, it must not only be characterised by high levels and growth rates of productivity, it must also absorb resources from the rest of the economy. But in order to do so, the sector’s use of inputs must be aligned with the country’s comparative advantage.


88. Solution: d)

While Planning Commission enjoyed the powers to allocate funds to ministries and state governments, NITI Aayog will be an advisory body, or a think-tank. Under Planning Commission, States' role was limited to the National Development Council and annual interaction during Plan meetings and the commission reported to National Development Council that had state chief ministers and lieutenant governors of UTs. But Niti Aayog’s Governing Council has state chief ministers and lieutenant governors as the all powerful body. Under Niti Aayog states are consulted while making policy and deciding on funds allocation. Final policy would be a result of thatconsultations unlike under Planning Commission when policy was formed by the commission and states were then consulted about allocation of funds. While Niti Aayog is a think-tank and does not have the power to impose policies, Planning Commission decided policies for states and tied allocation of funds with projects it approved, a methodology driven by "one size fits all" concept.

89. Solution: c)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhelum_River#Course

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhelum_River#Verinag_in_Kashmir

90. Solution: a)

The Directorate General of Economic Enforcement is a law enforcement agencyand economic intelligence agency responsible for enforcing economic laws and fighting economic crime in India. It is part of the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance. It comprises officers of the Indian administrative services Indian Revenue Service, Indian police services. It was established on the 1st day of June, 2000 by the Central Govt. of India to investigate provisions of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999.

For the trial of an offence punishable under section 4 of PMLA, the Central Government (in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court), designates one or more Sessions Court as Special Court(s). The court is also called "PMLA Court". Any appeal against any order passed by PMLA court can directly be filed in the High Court for that jurisdiction.

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/ed-attaches-assets-in-diplomat-attack-case/article7050654.ece


91. Solution: c)

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/india-france-to-codevelop-naval-missile/article7050655.ece

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitri_%28missile%29

92. Solution: d)

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-international/china-releases-details-of-silk-road-plans/article7050633.ece

The initiative focuses on bringing together China, Central Asia, Russia and Europe (the Baltic); linking China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea through Central Asia and West Asia; and connecting China with Southeast Asia, South Asia and the Indian Ocean.

93. Solution: d)

http://www.fssai.gov.in/AboutFSSAI/introduction.aspx

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/safe-food-from-the-farm-to-the-plate/article7050630.ece

94. Solution: b)


The Congress Ministries resigned in October 1939 because of the political crisis brought about by World War 11. But Gandhiji welcomed the resignations for another reason — they would help cleanse the Congress of the ‘rampant corruption.’ He wrote to C. Rajagopalachari on 23 October 1939: ‘1 am quite clear in my mind that what has happened is best for the cause. It is a bitter pill I know. But it was needed. It will drive away all the parasites from the body. We have been obliged to do wrong things which we shall be able to avoid.’ The resignations produced another positive effect. They brought the Left and the Right in the Congress closer because of a common policy on the question of participation in the war.

95. Solution: d)

Here are the steps

• Fertilizer N (urea) application should be invariably balanced not only with P and K but also with deficient secondary and micronutrients.

• Soil test-based fertilizer prescriptions have to be adopted. Farmers should insist for S and micronutrient testing, as NPK alone (without S and micronutrients) is no longer balanced fertilizer prescription.

• Neem oil coated urea should be preferred over pilled urea, especially for basal dressing.

• Losses of N are usually less when urea is top-dressed before irrigation. • Modified N scheduling using leaf color chart (LCC) gives better N use

efficiency in crops. LCC-based real-time N application needs to be promoted in the crops (like rice and wheat) for which LCC thresholds are available.

• Conjoint use of organic manures and fertilizers may help curtailing the application of fertilizers including that of urea.

• Inclusion of legumes may curtail fertilizer N (urea) requirement by 25-50%. Depending on cropping system and availability of irrigation, legumes could be introduced as catch crop, green manures, forage crop, break crop or as short duration grain crop.

96. Solution: b)

The Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) Sabla is a centrally sponsored program of Government of India initiated on April 1, 2011 under Ministry of Women and Child Development.

The objectives of the program are:


• Enable the Adolescent girls for self-development and empowerment

• Improve their nutrition and health status.

• Promote awareness about health, hygiene, nutrition, adolescent reproductive and sexual health (ARSH) and family and child care.

• Upgrade home-based skills, life skills and integrate with the National Skill Development Program (NSDP) for vocational skills.

• Mainstream out of school adolescent girls into formal/non formal education.

• Provide information/guidance about existing public services such as PHC, CHC, Post Office, Bank, Police Station, etc.

97. Solution: a)

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is an international financial institution proposed by China. The purpose of the multilateral development bank is to provide finance to infrastructure projects in the Asia-Pacific region.

§ The AIIB was launched in Beijing last year to spur investment in Asia in transportation, energy, telecommunications and other infrastructure.

§ AIIB is regarded by some as a rival for the IMF, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), which the AIIB says are dominated by developed countries like the United States and Japan.

§ Presently there are 22 members including China.

§ The authorised capital of AIIB will be $100 billion. AIIB’s headquarters is to be located in Beijing.

§ India is the second largest shareholder in the Bank after China.

§ It is being called as a very positive development in the sense that it opens up more borrowing opportunities.

98. Solution: a)


Events (2) and (3) took place in late 1910s while the question is specific about 1930s.

99. Solution: d)

Among the various groups that participated in the national movement were several individual capitalists who joined the Congress. They fully identified with the movement, went to jails and accepted the hardships that were the lot of Congressmen in the colonial period. The names of Jamnalal Bajaj, Vadilal Lallubhai Mehta, Samuel Aaron, Lala Shankar Lal, and others are well known in this regard. There were other individual capitalists who did not join the Congress but readily gave financial and other help to the movement. People like G.D. Birla, Ambalal Sarabhai and Waichand Hirachand, fall into this category. There were also a large number of smaller traders and merchants who at various points came out in active support of the national movement. On the other hand, there were several individual capitalists or sections of the class who either remained neutral towards the Congress and the national movement or even actively opposed it.

100. Solution: a)

How trains come to a stop?

We always wonder how trains run and how they are stopped. It is easy to understand how a car comes to a stop when the driver applies the brake using the brake pedal. Cars use hydraulic brakes whereas most of the trains in India use pneumatic brakes or air brakes as they are commonly called. These coaches are generally marked with an A or AB with the coach number. The trains can be stopped by the driver or by the passengers by alarm chain pulling (ACP).

In the Air Brake system, compressed air is used for operating the brake system. These brakes can be the conventional types or directly mounted on the bogies of the coaches. The latest design is the Disc Brake System (DBS) found in LHB coaches and is similar to what is found in automobiles. The atmospheric air is compressed in the locomotive upto 10 kg/cm2 and supplied at a pressure of 6/5 kg/cm2 to the train. It is carried across the whole length of the train through two pipes at the bottom of the coaches. When the brakes are applied the pressure in the 5kg pipe (the brake pipe) gets depleted proportionately and this causes the air to enter the brake cylinders which push a piston. The brake blocks are connected through a linkage and the piston movement causes them to stick to the wheels and stop the train by friction.


The loss in pressure is made good by the air in the 6kg/cm2 pipe called the feed pipe. In case of disc brake system the pads attached to the discs are used to stop the train.

DBS is micro processor controlled and an advanced version of Air Brake system. It is essential for high speeds of 160kmph plus. It is superior in terms of reduced braking distance, higher wheel life due to reduced frequency of wheel turning, and reduced maintenance, less braking noise and higher efficiency due to simple brake rigging. The main characteristics of DBS are 02 discs mounted on each axle as shown in picture below:

Disc Brake Systm Emergency Brake Handle

When the passenger pulls the alarm chain shown above located near the seat it

causes the pressure in the brake pipe to fall down giving an indication to the driver and stopping the train. A valve on the coach called the PEASD (passenger emergency alarm signal device) operates and the sound of the escaping air can be heard from the coach. Also a light near the door glows and indicates the location of the affected coach. What does an unscheduled stoppage of a train by ACP mean to the public?

Have you ever wondered why trains are often delayed? Analysis shows that ACP contributes to 4% of the punctuality loss cases on Indian Railways. Imagine the social costs of the time delays to about 1500 passengers in a train when one pulls the chain for a valid or often illegitimate reason. Apart from this time loss, calculations show that for an extra stoppage of a 24 coach train travelling at 110 Kmph, the locomotive


consumes an additional amount of approximately 130litres of diesel fuel. This amounts to a loss of 8500 rupees as well as the increase in avoidable atmospheric pollution. As responsible citizens we should abstain from using ACP and should sensitize others not to do the same. The penalty for unauthorized use of the alarm chain is Rs.1000 and/or imprisonment up to three months.

Apart from this we need to realize that the train requires about one kilometer to stop due to its sheer momentum. It is for this reason that in spite of the driver being vigilant there are accidents on unmanned level crossings when trespassers break the rules and expect the train to stop immediately on seeing them.

As responsible citizens and enlightened green passengers we should refrain from using the ACP unless there is a dire emergency. It may be worthwhile to contact the railway staff on the train to solve the problem at hand.

1. solution: d) - insights · other strategies of rntcp include tb-hiv management in collaboration...

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