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Some Issues about Big Data in Power Grid

Gary Quan

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Purpose: • To transmit electric power from power source to user• Reliable (Traditional viewpoint)• Smart (Smart Grid viewpoint)• Flexible, Share, Open (Energy Internet viewpoint)

Constitution: • First side: power lines; transformers• Second side: automation systems; metering system;

communication network• Civil: towers; stations; buildings; boxes• Plenty of people, Company

What is Power Grid

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Voltage Levels (in China): • Transmission grid: 1000kV, +-800kV DC, 750 kV,

500kV, 330kV, 220kV, 110kV• Distribution Grid: 35kV, 10kV, 400V

Topology:• Transmission Grid: net• Distribution Grid: ring, tree

What is Power Grid

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What is Power Grid

Power generation

Power Transmission

Power Transformation

Power Distribution

Power Utilization

Large Scale New Energy Generation and Synchronization…

UHV Power Transmission, FACTS, Super Conducting Power Transmission, MTDC…

Smart Substation…

ADA, ADM, CP, DG & Storage, Microgrid…

AMI, DR, Smart Residential Area, EV Charging & Discharging...

Links:

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Very Clear:• Like a water supply system, but without water tower• Stability depends on the amount of capacity Result:• Not so stable• Under strict supervision

How Power Grid Works

Power Plant

Power Grid Water Tower（ doesn’t exist）

User

Explode!Just

kidding!

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Operate Means:• Balance• Protection

Transient Process under Disturbance• Wave Transient Process• Electromagnetic Transient Process• Electromechanical Transient Process

Solutions (Transmission grid):• Faults: Protection system• Power Balance: Scheduling system, Power plant

automation• Monitoring: SCADA, WAMS

How to Operate Power Grid

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Highlight Problem:• Distributed Automation: Most fatalities are caused by

the uncoordinated action logics of distributed automation devices

• Solution: Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control-WAMPAC

Data in Power Grid

Based on wide area data sensing, transmitting, analyzing

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Parameters:• Voltage: sensitive to fault, power line impedance• Current: sensitive to fault• Phase: sensitive to power direction, user loads• Frequency: sensitive to power balance• Power Flow: sensitive to power balance• Metering: sensitive to user behavior

Parameters of parameters:• Location, Communication, Sample Rate, Sample

Precision, Latency, Synchronization• Most Powerful: PMU

Data in Power Grid

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Features:• Determined: based on circuitry• Correlated: dependent on time, space• No stochastics: in normal viewpoint

Problems that may be solved by data:• Pattern Recognition• Data Mining• Modeling based on Statistics

Data in Power Grid

Solve Macro ProblemMacro Information