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Stages of Spelling Development

Spelling is all about

PATTERNS.

Children need to be taught to see the patterns so they learn patterns instead of memorizing

every single letter of every single word.

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WORD STUDY IS DEVELOPMENTAL

Word study teaches students to examine and discover regularities, patterns, and rules

Word study increases specific knowledge of words--the spelling and meaning of individual words

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THE BASIS FOR WORD STUDY

Three Layers of English

Orthography

Alphabetic--represents the relationship between letters and sounds

Patterns--guide the grouping of letters

Meaning--groups of letters represent meaning directly

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Standards Addressed by Word Study/Word Sort Activities:

Grade Level StandardsKindergarten R—1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18

W—1.1, 1.2

1st Grade R—1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10,1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.17W—1.2, 1.3, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8

2nd Grade R—1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10W—1.1, 1.3, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8

3rd Grade R—1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.8, 3.5W—1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.7, 1.8

4th Grade R—1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 3.1, 3.5W—1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7

5th Grade R—1.2, 1.3, 14W—1.1, 1.2, 1.5

6th Grade R—1.3, 1.4W—1.2, 1.4, 1.5

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Stages of Spelling Development

EmergentLetter-NameWithin Word PatternSyllable JunctureDerivational Constancy

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Emergent--Pre-K to Middle of 1st

Scribble letters and #’sLack concepts of wordsLack letter-sound

correspondencePretend to read and write

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Emergent Word Study Focus

Develop concept sorts Play w/ speech sounds to develop

phonological awareness Plan alphabet activities Sort pictures by beginning sounds Encourage fingerpoint memory of

rhymes, dictations, and simple pattern books

Encourage invented spellings

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Letter-Name--K to Middle of 2nd

Represents beginning and ending sounds

Has functional concept of word

Reads word by word in beginning reading materials

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Early Letter Name--Word Study Focus

Collect known words for word banks Sort pictures and words by beginning

sounds Study word families (rimes) that

share a common vowel Study beginning consonant blends

and digraphs Encourage invented spelling

10

Middle to Late Letter Name--Word Study Focus

Sort pictures and words by different short vowel word families

Sort pictures and words by short vowel sounds and CVC patterns

Continue to examine consonant blends and digraphs

Begin simple sound sorts comparing short and long vowel sounds

Collect known words for word banks (up to 200)

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Within Word Pattern--1st Grade to Middle of 4th

Spells most single-syllable short vowel words correctly

Spells most beginning consonant digraphs and 2-letter consonant blends

Attempts to use silent-E markers Reads silently and more fluently Writes more fluently Can edit and revise

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Within Word Pattern--Word Study Focus

Complete daily activities in word study notebooks

Sort words by long and short vowel sounds and by common long vowel patterns

Compare words with r-controlled vowels After mastering common long vowels, explore

less common vowels and diphthongs (OI, OU, AU, OW)

Review lends and digraphs as needed and examine triple blends and complex consonant units (THR, STR, DGE, TCH, CK)

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Syllable Juncture--Grades 3-8

Spells most single syllable words correctly

Makes errors at syllable juncture and in unaccented syllables

Reads with good fluency and expression

Reads faster silently than orally Writes responses that sophisticated

and critical

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Syllable Juncture--Word Study Focus

Examine consonant doubling and inflected endings

Focus on unaccented syllables such as ER and LE

Join spelling and vocabulary studies; link meaning and spelling

Explore grammar through word study Sort and study affixes Study stress or accent in two-syllable

words

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Derivational Constancy--Grades 5-12

Have mastered high-frequency words Make errors on low-frequency words

derived from Greek and Latin combining forms

Read with good fluency and expression

Read faster silently than orally Write responses that are sophis-

ticated and critical

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Derivational Constancy--Word Study Focus

Focus on words that students bring to word study from reading and writing

Join spelling and vocabulary studies; link meaning and spelling

Examine common and then less common roots, prefixes and suffixes

Examine vowel alterations in derivationally related pairs (native, national; combine, combination)

Explore etymology, especially in the content areas

Examine content-related foreign borrowings