1 tcp/ip, addressing and services s. hussain ali m.s. (computer engineering) department of computer...
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TCP/IP, Addressing and Services
S. Hussain AliM.S. (Computer Engineering)
Department of Computer Engineering
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Topics Covered in this Session
What is TCP/IP? TCP/IP Utilities TCP/IP Protocol suite TCP/IP Addressing, Sub netting Domain Name System IPv6
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TCP/IP
Industry-Standard Suite of Protocols Routable Enterprise Networking Protocol Technology for connecting dissimilar
systems Robust, scalable, cross-platform
client/server framework Method of gaining access to the Internet
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Sample TCP/IP Utilities
FTP, TFTP, RCP, Telnet RSH, REXEC, LPR, LPQ, LPD Ping, Ipconfig, nslookup, hostname, netstat Nbtstat, route, tracert, arp, finger
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Application
Transport
Internetwork
Network Interface
FTP
TCP
IP (ICMP, IGMP, ARP)
LAN (Ethernet, TR, FDDI)
Telnet HTTP
UDP
WAN (Serial,
Frame Relay, ATM)
TCP/IP Model TCP/IP Protocols
NetBIOS
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Network Interface Technologies
IP Over LAN Technologies» Ethernet, Token Ring, ARCnet, FDDI
IP Over WAN Technologies» Serial lines» Packet switched networks» Frame Relay» ATM
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Address Resolution Protocol
Successful mapping of an IP address (logical) to a hardware address (physical).
Address resolution is the function of ARP ARP uses a local broadcast to obtain a
hardware address Address mappings are stored in a cache for
future reference
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Internet Protocol
Addresses and Routes packets Connectionless
» No session is established “Best effort” delivery Fragments and reassembles packets
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Connection oriented Reliable delivery Byte-stream communications Uses port numbers as endpoints to
communicate Examples: FTP (21), Telnet (23), DNS (53)
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User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Connectionless Does not guarantee delivery Reliability is the responsibility of the
application Uses port numbers as endpoint to
communicate Examples: TFTP (63) , SNMP (161),
Domain (53)
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IP Addressing Each host is identified by a logical unique IP
address. Each IP address defines network ID and host ID. Patch choice is based on location Location is represented by an address
32 Bits
Network ID Host ID
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IP Address Classes
Class A » (1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0)» Number of hosts addresses: 16,777,214
Class B » (128.1.0.0 to 191.254.0.0)» Number of hosts addresses: 65,534.
Class C » (192.0.1.0 to 223.255.254.0)» Number of hosts addresses: 254
Class D: for multicast Class E: for research N: Network ID assigned by NIC H: Host number assigned by network administrator
N H H H
N N H H
N N N H
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Subnetting
With subnetting, you can divide your network into smaller networks by using some of the host ID bits (in the IP address) as part of Network ID.
It is achieved by the clever use of Subnet mask. Routers are used to send traffic between two sub-
nets. These devices are identified as Gateway address.
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Exercise
Find out your machines IP address, subnet mask and default gateway address.
Solution: Run ipconfig /all
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Domain Name System
Humans identify network resources with names while machines identify them with the number.
Domain Name System does the hostname to IP address resolution or vice versa.
DNS offers a distributed client/server database of forward mappings (hostname to IP addresses) and reverse mappings (IP address to host names) in a TCP/IP network like Internet.
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How it works?
In DNS jargon, clients are identified as resolvers and servers as name servers.» Resolvers pass name requests between applications
and name server» Name server takes requests and resolve computer (or
domain name) to IP address.» If the name server is not able to resolve the request, it
may forward the request to another name server that can resolve it.
» Name servers are grouped into different levels that are called domains.
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Domain Name SpaceRoot level Domain
Top level Domain
.com .org .edu.sa.ae
compaq mit.com.edu
kfupm
ccse
www
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Exercise
Find out the DNS server address of your machine.» Use ipconfig command
Find out IP address of www.ccse.kfupm.edu.sa.» Use ping www.ccse.kfupm.edu.sa» Use nslookup command.
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Establishing Network Infrastructure
Internet Internet
Perimeter Network
Corporate Network
Web Farm
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Summary
» TCP/IP Protocol» IP Addressing» Domain Name System» Network Infrastructure