1 texas liquid fertilizer wheat 2006 spring guide
TRANSCRIPT
1
Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Wheat 2006 Spring
Guide
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Texas Liquid Commitment to you
Increase yieldsLower CostsHelp solve those
production problems that limit profitability
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
U.S Wheat Situation: Less Carryover
USDA Wheat Ending Stocks (12/ 05)
950876
777
491546 540 530
100
300
500
700
900
1100
99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 Dec 04-05 Dec 05-06
Mill
ion
Bu
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
U.S Wheat Situation
Planted and harvested acres are going down
Demand is stable USDA average farm price for wheat =
$3.40 per bushel in 2004 & 2005 Price forecast for July ’06 wheat =
$3.40 to $3.60 per bushel
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Where are we?
Total Corn GDU's Plant Date to 1/31/2006
Dayton, Texas
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
3-Nov 3-Dec
Planting Date
Cum
ula
tiv
e
20062004 2005
20062004
2005
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Where are we?
Dayton,Texas
Rain/Month 03/04 04/05 05/06
November 5.7 12.1 3.4
December 3.8 2.6 3.1
January 6.5 3.2 2.6
Total Rain 16.0 17.9 9.1
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Where are we?
Roots are mostly in good health
Tillering is widely variable even in the same fields
Seed depth was variable due to dry conditions in fall, 2005
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Where are we?
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Where do we go from here?
Manage topdress fertilizer (35% of yield potential)
Balance plant food (tissue sampling) Protect yields
– Control spring diseases – Control weeds– Control insects– Reduce lodging
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Wheat Growth Stages
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Wheat N Use Chart
GS 2-3
GS 5
GS 10.5
Plant nitrogen uptake increases during elongation and head formation to flowering
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Winter Nitrogen
In some fields that had a big corn/cotton crop, nitrogen may be playing out
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Wheat Situations (GS3)
Where fertilizer was applied prior to planting, check tillers at GS3 to see if additional nitrogen is needed.
Count the tillers per square foot and apply nitrogen according to the GS3 chart(next slide).
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Wheat GS3 Chart
Figure how many inches of row to include a square foot
Count the tillers Figure if any extra
N is needed Keep N:S ratio at
8:1
tiller count/ft2 @
GS3
Lbs/A Nitrogen
Lbs/A Sulfur
< 70 60 8
70 to 80 40 5
80 to 90 30 4
90 to 100 20 3
> 100 0 0
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Wheat Situations
No fall applied fertilizer: needs an early winter application of NPK
Count the tillers per square foot and apply nitrogen and sulfur according to the GS3 chart.
Add 40 lbs. each of P and K with 1 lb. of zinc. Add an extra 40 lbs. of potash if planning to
double-crop soybeans after the wheat.
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Wheat Situations
No fall or early winter application of NPK: will apply one shot at GS5 (mid winter)
apply 100 to 140 lbs. of nitrogen: add 40 lbs. each of P and K with 1 lb. of zinc and 12 to 17 lbs. sulfur at GS5.
Take a flag leaf tissue sample to see check the nitrogen status.
Use 10 to 30 gals. of U22 Tiger Juice® to add additional nitrogen if needed at GS9.
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Wheat GS5 Plant Tissue Samples
Used to determine balance of N to apply In 2004, in DSS, rates ranged from 60 to
120 lbs. The most cost effective means of applying
the correct amount of nitrogen. Used to balance sulfur and micronutrients
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Micronutrients
Manganese/Zinc has already showed up in December (symptoms are similar)
Zinc continues to be limiting
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When To sample for GS5 Sample here!
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Plant Tissue Guides N Rates
Winter Nitrogen Use ChartUsing Plant Analysis (GS5) for 2nd Application
0
20
40
60
80
2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.8 5.0
Percent Nitrogen in Plant Tissue
Lbs.
per
acr
e N
We use this chart to recommend the balance of N in winter: The higher the plant N levels the less N the wheat will need.
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Wheat After Milo
Dec., 2005: Wheat planted after grain sorghum; KSU researchers have found that adding an additional 40 lbs. of nitrogen can help overcome this drag.
Wheat planted after sorghum on left: after corn on right
Wheat planted after sorghum on right: after corn on left
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
GS5 Nitrogen Rates No tissue sample (fall N applied)
GS5 Recommendations for Wheat*
Soil Type and Drainage Lbs N/A Time of Application
Sandy loams and silt loams which do not waterlog readily
80before jointing (G.S.
5)
Clays and silt loams which waterlog readily
100before jointing (G.S.
5)
Silty clays and clays (Ca > 4500) with yield potential > 55 bu/A
110before jointing (G.S.
5)
*Second application may be adjusted based on weather and/or plant analysis.
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
GS5 Nitrogen Rates No tissue sample (no fall N applied)
GS5 N Recommendations for Wheat*Soil Type and Drainage Lbs N/A Time of Application
Sandy loams and silt loams which do not waterlog readily
100before jointing (G.S.
5)
Clays and silt loams which waterlog readily
120before jointing (G.S.
5)
Silty clays and clays (Ca > 4500) with yield potential > 55 bu/A
140before jointing (G.S.
5)
*Second application may be adjusted based on weather and/or plant analysis.
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Foliar N at GS9
Heavy rains cause N losses to go up thru the air (denitrification)
Heavy spring rains cause N to leach
Should be done with a plant tissue sample. To make sure we have enough N to produce
yields and test weight. Discover correct N application rates to avoid
over/under fertilization with N.
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Spring Foliar Applications
Sample here!
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Foliar Applications
Foliar N I mproves Yield,
Protein and Test Weight
20
40
60
80
100
12# N None
Bu/
Acr
e
ag.systems 1990
•Plant tissue samples pulled between Feekes 8 and 9
•Twenty flag leaves per field
•Nitrogen rates vary from 10 to 20 gals. of U22 Tiger Juice®
•Use as a carrier for fungicide
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U23
Made specifically for foliar applications Has given yield increases up to 15 bushels
per acre: increased test weight by 2# Low salt, low burn Can be used as a carrier for wheat
fungicides/insecticides Available only from Texas Liquid Fertilizer
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Sulfur on Wheat
DSS clearly shows that wheat responds to sulfur where needed
53 49
20
40
60
Sulfur No Sulfur
Wheat Yield Reponse to Winter S
Bu./A
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Sulfur on Wheat
Wheat responds to sulfur where needed Response greatest on sandy or loess soils Use in an 8:1 ratio with nitrogen: for every
eight lbs. of nitrogen, add 1 lb. of sulfur Do not use sulfur fertilizers if adding a
fungicide with nitrogen to avoid leaf burn
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Crop Protection
Controlling diseases and/or insects does not add any bushels: it protects what you have produced
Weather conditions, variety selection and fungicide timing will impact your return on disease investment
Adequate fertility (especially P and Zn) to hasten maturity will offer best protection against diseases. If diseases hit after certain growth stages, damage is limiting
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Wheat Diseases
Leaf Rust (590 to 720 incubation: use fungicide)
Stem Rust (700 to 800 incubation : use fungicide)
Septoria (Leaf and Glume Blotch) (6 hrs. LW, 590
to 800 incubation : use fungicide)
Scab (variety, plant health and nutrition: no
fungicide available)
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Variety Ratings
•TLF 2005 recommended varieties
•Gray highlighted boxes indicate high susceptibility to stripe rust; Orange indicates leaf rust.
•If conditions are right, all varieties will get infected.
VarietyAvg. Yield
Test Weight
Heading Day
DK GR9108 86.0 57.6 80
Terral LA841 81.7 56.2 84
USG 3209 73.1 58.2 86
DK 1551W 66.8 58.4 87
Agripro Panola 70.8 58.2 92
COKER 9152 75.4 59.0 94
USG 3592 74.1 60.1 95
Terral TV8466 69.0 58.0 95
Vigoro McIntosh
73.1 60.2 95
PAT 60.3 57.1 99
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Weather Conditions
Between March 1 and April 30, leaf wetness becomes the main factor in determining disease infections. 2003 & 2004 had longer periods of leaf wetness than 2005, enhancing disease pressure.
YearAvg. High
Tempt
Avg. Low
Tempt
Rainfall
inches%RH
Hrs Leaf
Wetness
2003 74 58 4.1 79 13
2004 76 60 6.6 78 12
2005 75 56 5.6 70 7Dayton, TX
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Spring Diseases
Value of Disease Control
66
51
40
50
60
70
Bu./A
Trt Untrt
The results from a fungicide spray will depend on pressure, timing and the variety susceptibility.
Wheat rust was identified in January 2005
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Spring Diseases
8769 75
64
0
50
100
2002 2003
Value of Disease Control(LSU)
Trt Untrt
The results from a fungicide spray will depend on pressure, timing and the variety susceptibility.
In this plot, 2002 had twice the rain than 2003 enhancing disease pressure.
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Fungicide Timing
49
75
65
87
56
79
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
BU/A
None GS8 GS10.2
Fungicide Timing
2003 2004
In LSU work, earlier applications of fungicide gave better returns than later applications.
GS8 is from flag leaf emergence until fully developed
GS10 is just prior to head emergence
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Wheat Fungicides
Applying fungicides when disease is present gave a $38 net return in 2002 and a $17 net return in 2003
Applying the fungicide when the disease first hit gave a better return than waiting.
At Feeks 5 apply ½ Rate of Quilt or Stratego. If not available apply ½ Rate of Headline or Quadrus
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Weather Station for 2005
Projects infestations when weather conditions are right for disease
Gives forecast for powdery mildew, septoria, rusts and glume blotch
Weather station and wheat disease models started in January 1, 2005
Will give growers an indication for fungicide timing
Provided to give TLF growers the most bag for fungicide buck.
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Wheat Weeds
Use Harmony Extra with winter N for control of small henbit, chickweed, german moss
2,4-D or Salvo can reduce yields as much as 15 bu/acre.
Wheat at different growth stages in December 2005
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Spring Wheat Insects
Aphids: 300 per linear foot
Stink Bugs: yes
Armyworms: five per sq. ft.
Treat as needed with Pyrethroids
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Winter and Spring Wheat Summary
35% of yields will be determined this winter and spring Manage fertilizer based on
-Yield Potential-Tissue Test-Fall Nitrogen
Balance plant food-Make sure you have adequate sulfur and Zn
Protect yields-Control Diseases-Control Weeds-Control Insects
Harvest in a timely manner. Wheat is mature at 2400 units. Allowing it to remain in the field after it is mature reduces yield every day.
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Texas Liquid Fertilizer
Texas Liquid Commitment to you
Increase yields Lower Costs Help solve those production problems
that limit profitability (unique to each operation and farms within those operations)