1. The Causes of the Civil War SectionalismSectionalism-it means having a greater loyalty -it means having a greater loyalty

to their own section(North, South, West) than to their own section(North, South, West) than to the country as a whole.to the country as a whole.

SlaverySlaveryStates’ RightsStates’ Rights – that each state had the power – that each state had the power

to reject a federal law or leave the Union if it to reject a federal law or leave the Union if it wished.wished.

2. THE SPECIFIC EVENTS LEADING TO THE CIVIL WAR

Missouri Compromise of 1820Missouri Compromise of 1820Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave LawKansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision John Brown’s raidJohn Brown’s raidElection of Abraham LincolnElection of Abraham Lincoln

3. What is the Missouri Compromise?

–Missouri was let in as a slave state–Maine was let in as a free state–It prohibited slavery in the lands of the Louisiana Territory that were north of the 36 30’ latitude line.

In order to keep a balance between freeand slave state they balanced – onefree/one slave

Slave and Free Territories Under the Compromise of 1850

4. What is the Compromise of 1850?

A. Admitted California as a free state.A. Admitted California as a free state.B. Passed the Fugitive Slave Law.B. Passed the Fugitive Slave Law.

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850

5. What is the Fugitive Slave Law?

Law that required northern citizens to help catch Law that required northern citizens to help catch runaway slaves.runaway slaves.

6. What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?Nebraska Territory was divided into

two territories. Each would vote(popular sovereignty) to to be free or slave states.

““Bleeding Kansas”Bleeding Kansas”

7. What was the violence between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups called?

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

8. After his owner died, what did Dred Scott do?

He took his case to court to getHe took his case to court to get

His freedom. His freedom.

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

9. What did the Supreme Court decide in the Dred Scott v. Sandford court case? A.A. They declared that African-They declared that African-

Americans Americans were not citizenswere not citizens so could so could not bring cases to the Supreme Court.not bring cases to the Supreme Court.

B. Declared slaves to be B. Declared slaves to be propertyproperty, so , so the rest of the family would inherit him.the rest of the family would inherit him.

10. What did abolitionist John Brown do?To help free the slaves he led a To help free the slaves he led a

revolt that seized weapons at a revolt that seized weapons at a federal arsenal in Harpers federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia Ferry, Virginia

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

11. What happened in the raid on Harper’s Ferry?

Virginia Military lead by Robert E. Lee Virginia Military lead by Robert E. Lee surrounded the federal arsenal and after short surrounded the federal arsenal and after short shoot out John Brown’s crew was forced to shoot out John Brown’s crew was forced to surrender.surrender.

The uprising was quickly crushed and The uprising was quickly crushed and they captured John Brown.they captured John Brown.

12. What happened to John Brown?He was hanged.He was hanged.

13. What was the affect of John Brown’s death?John Brown became a hero John Brown became a hero

and example to northern and example to northern abolitionists.abolitionists.

18601860PresidentiaPresidentia

llElectionElection

18601860PresidentiaPresidentia

llElectionElection

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

John BellConstitutional Union

John BellConstitutional Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern DemocratStephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. BreckinridgeSouthern DemocratJohn C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat

14. Who was running for president in 1860?A. Stephen DouglasA. Stephen DouglasB. Abraham LincolnB. Abraham LincolnC. John BreckinridgeC. John BreckinridgeD. John BellD. John BellWhich one did Lincoln travel Which one did Lincoln travel

around the country debating?around the country debating?The Lincoln-Douglas DebatesThe Lincoln-Douglas Debates

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

The Election of 1860

15. Who won the election of 1860?Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

16. When Lincoln won, which state was the 1st to secede from the Union?

South CarolinaSouth Carolina

17. What happened at Ft. Sumter?

The Confederacy took control of Ft. The Confederacy took control of Ft. Sumter from the Union. It was the Sumter from the Union. It was the first battle in the Civil War.first battle in the Civil War.

18. What did the secession start?The Civil WarThe Civil War

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

Leading to a Civil War

Events leading to the Secession of the South

– Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

• organized 2 new federal territories • repealed section of Missouri Compromise• prohibiting slavery in states/territories

north of 36º 30’ latitude• people decide (popular sovereignty)

“Bleeding Kansas”

Leading to a Civil War Events leading to the Secession of the South

– Change in 2 party system• Democrats & Whigs

– Democrats (dough faces)• needed northern candidate to win because of

the number of southerners• F. Pierce 1852, J. Buchanan 1856, Douglas ?

– Whigs • Kansas & Nebraska Act killed party

divided sectionally• North & South too far apart on slavery

issue to hold party together

Leading to a Civil War Events leading to the Secession of the South

– Change in 2 party system• Democrats & Whigs

• Whigs & Free Soilers = Republicans • * only a northern party

– tolerate slavery in south– unwilling to accept it's expansion– demand that the Kansas & Nebraska Act be repealed– central railroad (rather than northern as Douglas

proposed)– Homestead Act - western lands to families to

settle 160 acres

Leading to a Civil War

Events leading to the Secession of the South

– Dred Scott Decision 1857– Southern dominated court

• Slaves were property• "congress could not ban slavery

from territories”• Chief Justice Roger Taney

Leading to a Civil War

Events leading to the Secession of the South

– The Election of 1860

• Aggressive movements of pro slave movement – frightened north– Hardened resistance in North– intensified southern insecurity

• South demands - congressional slave codes

Leading to a Civil War

Events leading to the Secession of the South

– The Election of 1860• Freeport Doctrine

– legislation to protect slave property in north– Lead to a division of the Democratic Party

• Northern Democrats - Stephen Douglas– appealed to North & South but ambiguous

• Southern Democrats - John Breckenridge– Appealed to south - popular sovereignty

• Republicans - Abraham Lincoln• Constitutional Union Party - John Bell

The Election of 1860

LEADING TO A CIVIL WAR

Events Leading to the Secession of the SouthEvents Leading to the Secession of the South– Political SectionalismPolitical Sectionalism

• Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

• Gag RuleGag Rule

• Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

• Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso

– Kansas Nebraska Act 1854Kansas Nebraska Act 1854– Dred Scot Decision 1857Dred Scot Decision 1857– Election of 1860Election of 1860

LEADING TO A CIVIL WAR

Events Leading to the Secession of the SouthEvents Leading to the Secession of the South

The Confederate States of AmericaThe Confederate States of America

Causes Leading to the Civil War Causes Leading to the Civil War

The Confederate States of America

Leading to a Civil War

The Confederate States of America

– Constitution 1787 (1789 9 states ratified - 4 didn't)• established government • Constitution states that states can't coin money and can’t

maintain an army but can they secede?

– Southern Position held that the Constitution did not automatically bind states

– Individual States first . . . then United

STATES UNITED

Leading to a Civil War

The Confederate States of America

– Individual States first . . . then United

STATES UNITED

– 11 southern states seceded and formed their own country

– North says no you can't leave = 4 long years of fighting

– CIVIL (internal) War - settle question about whether a state can succeed

• Pre Civil War The United States are• Post Civil War The United States is

Leading to a Civil War

The Confederate States of America

– Radicals - fire eaters• South Carolinians since Nullification Controversy

– South Carolina state convention Dec 20, 1860• repeal ratification of federal constitution

– 6 weeks later MI, Fl, GA, Al, LA, TX succeed

– Delegates to Montgomery Alabama• organized themselves as the C.S. of A.• Jefferson Davis - President ( Mississippi)

LEADING TO A CIVIL WAR

Events Leading to the Secession of the SouthEvents Leading to the Secession of the South

The Confederate States of AmericaThe Confederate States of America

Causes Leading to the Civil War Causes Leading to the Civil War

Leading to a Civil War

Causes Leading to A Civil War

1. Conspiracy President Country

– North Lincoln 1860 USA– South J. Davis 1861 CSA

• Each side felt the other was conspiring against the other• Laws & measures that inhibited the south - DAVIS

Congress controlled by north• North doesn't want to control south - south wants

to expand into the west LINCOLN• Each side didn't trust in an economic or political sense

Leading to a Civil War

Causes Leading to A Civil War

2. Constitutional

UNITED STATES VS. STATES UNITED

• South - separate individual states form the union– since states formed the union they can opt out

• North - the union created the states by the constitution– If the union is dissolved there is nothing

– LINCOLN WAS FIGHTING TO SAVE THE UNION NOT TO FREE THE SLAVES (a political move)

– Lincoln was a federalist & constitutionalist

Leading to a Civil War Causes Leading to A Civil War

3. Growth of Slavery• South had 4 million slaves

– Slave owners 25% • 17 % 1-9 slaves • 7% 10-99 slaves • .1% 100+

– very few had large plantations– small minority of controlling whites

controlled southern society• Labor intensive agricultural society

– slaves imported because can't get enough whites to do the labor

Leading to a Civil War Causes Leading to A Civil War

3. Slavery• Davis - the Blacks have a better condition under the superior

White race“docile savages to bodily comforts and religious instruction”

• Lincoln - not in favor of bringing about the social or economic equality of Negroes “There must be the position of inferior/superior”

Lincoln 1858Lincoln was a product of his own cultureFreeing of slaves not a matter of equality!!!Yet he was against the concept of slavery

SAVE THE UNION

Leading to a Civil War

Causes Leading to A Civil War

4. Economic• Labor

– South - free labor North - paid labor• Tariffs

– North wanted to protect their products artificial inflation of imports

– South faced reciprocal tariffs when they exported their agricultural products

South Against High Tariffs

North Against Free Labor

Leading to a Civil War

Causes Leading to A Civil War

4. Economic

• North passes laws in congress because of an imbalance in voting power

– 19 Free States

– 15 Slave States

Leading to a Civil War

Causes Leading to A Civil War

5. Nature of a Republic

• What is a Republic?– Representative Democracy

• Freedom to choose

South choose to leave under this freedom

Under another system this would not have happened!

Leading to a Civil War

• ". . . it presents the question whether discontented individuals too few in numbers to control administration according to organic law in any case, can always upon the pretenses made in this case, or on any other pretense, break up their government, and thus practically put an end to free government upon the earth. It forces us to ask: Is there, in all republics, this inherent and fatal weakness? Must a government, of necessity be too strong for the liberties of its own people or too weak to maintain its own existence?"

Lincoln - July 4, 1861following Ft. Sumter

Leading to a Civil War

“our heritage depends on inherent weakness of a republic to strong to maintain liberties yet too weak to maintain its existence”.

Abraham Lincoln

Leading to a Civil War Events leading to the Secession of the Sou

– Sucession

"to withdraw formally from a union or alliance”

Southern individual states nullified their ratification of the U.S. constitution

Leading to a Civil War

Causes Leading to the Civil War

– Conspiracy– Constitutional– Slavery– Economic– Nature of a Republic

1600 ---------------1787--------------1865---------------2000+Colonial Am. Nation Civil War

– Civil War 265 years since beginnings of our country

LEADING TO A CIVIL WAR

Events Leading to the Secession of the SouthEvents Leading to the Secession of the South

The Confederate States of AmericaThe Confederate States of America

Causes Leading to the Civil War Causes Leading to the Civil War

Leading to a Civil War Leading to a Civil War

Instructor: Carol Jean CoxInstructor: Carol Jean Cox

The Process of Secession